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Howe B. Government's plans for general practice. AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 1992; 21:386-7. [PMID: 1530462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Weber CJ, O'Dorisio TM, Howe B, D'Agati V, Ward L, Russell J, Feind CR. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neurotensin-, substance P-, gastrin-releasing peptide-, calcitonin-, calcitonin gene related peptide-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in human parathyroid glands. Surgery 1991; 110:1078-85. [PMID: 1720902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have found vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, neurotensin-, substance P-, gastrin-releasing peptide-, calcitonin-, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP-2)-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in extracts of sporadic human parathyroid adenomas (n = 18). The content of CGRP-2, substance P, and somatostatin in adenomas correlated directly with that of parathyroid hormone. In addition, concentrations of VIP versus substance P and somatostatin versus CGRP-2 in adenomas were directly correlated. Neuropeptide content of parathyroid hyperplasias differed from that of adenomas. VIP was detected in only one of seven parathyroid hyperplasias, and neurotensin was undetectable (0/7), whereas substance P was present in six of seven cases and GRP in five of seven hyperplasias. In hyperplasias, content of substance P correlated directly with that of gastrin-releasing peptide. Peroxidase immunohistochemistry localized VIP-like immunoreactivity to 20% to 50% of both chief and oxyphilic cells and rare clear cells and capillary endothelium in 11 of 12 adenomas studied. Focal staining was present in glandular epithelium of the rim of adjacent normal parathyroid tissue and in two of three normal parathyroid glands removed with thyroid goiters. This staining was both cytoplasmic and apical membrane. By contrast, in adenomas, neurotensin- and substance P-like positivities were confined to scattered (5% to 10%) oxyphilic cells. Cytoplasmic positivity for parathyroid hormone, noted in 30% to 70% of cells in serial sections, confirmed that these tissues were indeed parathyroid glands.
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Kau S, Yochim C, Do ML, Leszczynska K, Andruskiewicz C, Schwartz J, Li J, Howe B. ICI 181,037: a novel eukalemic diuretic with antiarrhythmic activity. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1991; 57:263-77. [PMID: 1813657 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.57.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ICI 181,037, the most active compound from a series of 1,1-diarylcarbin-1-ol-2 amines, was evaluated for diuretic and cardiovascular activity. In saline-loaded rats, the magnitude of water diuresis and saluresis produced by ICI 181,037 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was equal to that of hydrochlorothiazide. Water diuresis and saluresis produced by ICI 181,037 were enhanced with SKF 525A, ampicillin or neomycin plus lincomycin, suggesting that ICI 181,037 is an active diuretic. In conscious dogs, the saluretic activity of ICI d-181,037 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was about 80% of the corresponding hydrochlorothiazide value, whereas the l-isomer demonstrated only minimum saluretic activity. In both rats and dogs, the concurrent kaliuresis after ICI 181,037 or its enantiomers was minimal as compared to hydrochlorothiazide. Following chronic dosing with diuretic doses, the basal levels of plasma potassium in dogs were not altered. In amphibian in vitro models for mimicking mammalian nephron, ICI 181,037 and its enantiomers demonstrated antinatriferic and antichloriferic activities, suggesting multiple renal sites of action for this agent. Racemic ICI 181,037 and its isomers reversed ouabain-induced arrhythmia in dogs and/or reduced the ouabain-induced mortality in mice after intravenous administration. It is concluded that ICI 181,037, particularly its d-isomer, is a novel eukalemic diuretic and possesses antiarrhythmic activity.
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Hess TF, Schmidt SK, Silverstein J, Howe B. Supplemental Substrate Enhancement of 2,4-Dinitrophenol Mineralization by a Bacterial Consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:1551-8. [PMID: 16348203 PMCID: PMC184470 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.6.1551-1558.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A
Janthinobacterium
sp. and an actinomycete, both capable of mineralizing 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), were used to construct a consortium to mineralize DNP in nonaxenic bench-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Average
K
m
values for DNP mineralization by pure cultures of the
Janthinobacterium
sp. and the actinomycete were 0.01 and 0.13 μg/ml, respectively, and the average maximum specific growth rate (μ
max
) values for them were 0.06 and 0.23/h, respectively. In the presence of NH
4
Cl, nitrite accumulation in pure culture experiments and in the SBRs was stoichiometric to initial DNP concentration and the addition of nitrogen enhanced DNP mineralization in the SBRs. Mineralization of 10 μg of DNP per ml was further enhanced in SBRs by the addition of glucose at concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/ml but not at 10 μg/ml. Possible mechanisms for this enhanced DNP mineralization in SBRs were suggested by kinetic analyses and biomass measurements. Average μ
max
values for DNP mineralization in the presence of 0, 10, 100, and 500 μg of glucose per ml were 0.33, 0.13, 0.42, and 0.59/h, respectively. In addition, there was greater standing biomass in reactors amended with glucose. At steady-state operation, all SBRs contained heterogeneous microbial communities but only one organism, an actinomycete, that was capable of mineralizing DNP. This research demonstrates the usefulness of supplemental substrates for enhancing the degradation of toxic chemicals in bioreactors that contain heterogeneous microbial communities.
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Mozell EJ, Woltering EA, O'Dorisio TM, Phillipson BE, Fletcher J, Fletcher WS, Howe B, Hill D, Rhea D. Adult onset nesidioblastosis: response of glucose, insulin, and secondary peptides to therapy with Sandostatin. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85:181-8. [PMID: 2405644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult onset nesidioblastosis (AON) is an extremely rare entity associated with hypersecretion of insulin. Previous reports have demonstrated that the somatostatin analog, Sandostatin (SMS), will control the clinical symptoms induced by infantile nesidioblastosis. We hypothesized that insulin, C-peptide, and secondary peptide secretion from AON is provocable. We also hypothesized that SMS would suppress both basal and provoked primary and secondary peptide secretion in AON. To test this hypothesis, in a patient with AON, 13 gut peptide levels were determined at set intervals during provocative testing with a test meal, a calcium infusion, a secretin bolus, and a glucagon bolus. These tests were repeated under the influence of SMS. Insulin, C-peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels were elevated in the basal state. SMS suppressed all three peptides (mean 68%) (p less than 0.05). Basal fasting glucose rose by 65%, and glucose ratios were raised throughout all four tests. Insulin:glucose ratios decreased during SMS therapy. Insulin and PP secretion was increased by all four provocative tests (mean 458% and 665% above baseline, respectively). C-peptide was provoked by three tests (mean 204%). Peptides with normal basal values were also provocable. GRP and glucagon were provoked by secretin stimulation (182%, 186%, respectively). Calcium infusion stimulated CIP release by 372%. SMS suppressed the peak provoked peptide levels in all positive provocation tests (p less than 0.05). Peak provoked insulin values were decreased by 59%, C-peptide by 75%, and PP by 92%. Peak provoked glucagon, CRP, neurotensin, and GIP levels were decreased by 20%, 65%, 51%, and 73%, respectively. The patient has been maintained on SMS (25 micrograms bid) for 1 yr and has shown decreased insulin levels, normal glucose levels, and, at 1 yr, leads an asymptomatic normal life. SMS is able to suppress primary and secondary peptide secretion in both the fasting and provoked state. The long-term efficacy of SMS may be predicted by its ability to suppress primary peptide release during peak provocation.
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Weber CJ, O'Dorisio TM, McDonald TJ, Howe B, Koschitzky T, Merriam L. Gastrin-releasing peptide-, calcitonin gene-related peptide-, and calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in human breast cyst fluid and gastrin-releasing peptide-like immunoreactivity in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Surgery 1989; 106:1134-9; discussion 1139-40. [PMID: 2588117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of growth factors in proliferative disorders of the breast, we assayed breast cyst fluid from 70 patients for calcitonin-related peptides. Cyst fluids (5.4 +/- 6.6 ml) (mean +/- SD) (n = 70) contained 10,499 +/- 8272 pg/ml of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivity in 66 of 70 samples. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was found in 64 of 64 samples tested (3842 +/- 2048 pg/ml). Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity was detected in 47 of 69 samples (185 +/- 106 pg/ml). Significant correlations were found for GRP versus volume, CGRP, and calcitonin, for calcitonin versus volume and CGRP, and for CGRP versus volume. Extracts of two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and BT-20) contained measurable GRP-like immunoreactivity. We conclude that GRP-, CGRP-, and calcitonin-like immunoreactivities are present in human breast cyst fluid and that GRP-like immunoreactivity is present in two established human breast carcinoma cell lines. High concentrations of GRP-like immunoreactivity in both breast cyst fluid and breast carcinoma tissue, taken together with the known mitogenic and trophic activities of this peptide, support the hypothesis that GRP may be an important factor in human breast disease.
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Woltering EA, Mozell EJ, O'Dorisio TM, Fletcher WS, Howe B. Suppression of primary and secondary peptides with somatostatin analog in the therapy of functional endocrine tumors. SURGERY, GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS 1988; 167:453-62. [PMID: 2460958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sandostatin (SMS 201-995 (SMS)), a potent, long acting analog of native somatostatin was used in five patients with functional endocrine tumors (gastrinoma, two patients; insulinoma, one patient; glucagonoma, one, and adult onset nesidioblastosis, one). Primary and secondary peptide levels were obtained during provocation with a test meal, a calcium infusion, a secretin bolus and either a glucagon or tolbutamide bolus. During provocation test, the levels of the primary peptides insulin and C-peptide (nesidioblastosis and insulinoma), gastrin (gastrinoma), glucagon (glucagonoma) and the secondary peptides calcitonin, gastrointestinal peptide, gastrin releasing peptide, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, substance-P and vasoactive intestinal peptide were obtained at predetermined intervals and quantitated by radioimmunoassay. SMS therapy was begun and peptide levels were again obtained during provocation. SMS suppressed basal primary peptide levels in all patients by more than 50 per cent. In 23 of 26 provocative tests, SMS effectively decreased circulating peptide levels by more than 50 per cent. Thirteen instances of elevated basal secondary peptides were discovered, and SMS universally suppressed these levels by a mean of 54 per cent. Of the 44 provocative tests performed, elevated secondary peptide levels were present in 41. SMS was effective in 31 of these 41 tests. The mean suppression of these provoked secondary peptide levels was 70 per cent. SMS effectively suppresses both basal and provoked peptides and, thus, provides relief of the clinical symptoms induced by pathologic elevations of primary and secondary peptides.
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Howe B, Willis M, Williams EM. Drinking choices: alcohol education and training for health professionals. HEALTH VISITOR 1987; 60:13-4. [PMID: 3643183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Woltering EA, Ellison EC, O'Dorisio TM, Sparks J, Howe B, Dyben T. Somatostatin-like peptides alter calcium but not secretin sensitivity of gastrinoma cells. J Surg Res 1986; 40:605-10. [PMID: 2875213 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(86)90104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The provocation of gastrin release by calcium or secretin is accepted as a method to differentiate the hypergastrinemia of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from that of other causes. We have previously shown that calcium and secretin failed to provoke gastrin release from acutely dispersed gastrinoma cells. This disparity between the in vivo and in vitro effects of these two provocative agents suggests that intermediates may be necessary for calcium- or secretin-induced gastrin release. In an acute cell dispersion, serum-free model, two gastrinomas with low levels of endogenous somatostatin (SRIF) and other peptides failed to respond to calcium or secretin provocation. Conversely, a third tumor containing high levels of endogenous SRIF-like peptides and low levels of other gut peptides did respond to calcium, but not to secretin provocation in vitro. We suggest that in vivo, SRIF modulation of gastrin release is a prerequisite for calcium-simulated gastrin secretion.
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Sirinek KR, O'Dorisio TM, Howe B, McFee AS. Pancreatic islet hormone response to oral glucose in morbidly obese patients. Ann Surg 1985; 201:690-4. [PMID: 2860876 PMCID: PMC1250795 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198506000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet peptides, as well as other gastrointestinal hormones, have been implicated in both the pathogenesis of obesity and the etiology of associated metabolic derangements. This study evaluated the pancreatic islet and gastrointestinal (GI) hormone response to oral glucose in 20 morbidly obese (151% above ideal body weight) patients. Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism, and exaggerated gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release occurred following glucose ingestion. Significant release of PP occurred in 14 patients, while only six patients had release of somatostatin. No significant changes in plasma concentrations of glucagon occurred. Since GIP is insulinotropic in the presence of hyperglycemia, the hyperinsulinism of morbid obesity may be secondary to the abnormally high glucose-stimulated GIP levels in these patients. Failure of glucagon suppression in response to oral glucose many contribute to the hyperglycemia noted. Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide may be responsible for some of the metabolic derangements of morbid obesity.
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Shin S, Kaproth M, Lein D, Arlitsch H, Howe B. Whole milk extender with antibiotics to eliminate Campylobacter fetus from frozen bovine semen. J Dairy Sci 1985; 68:1280-5. [PMID: 3842867 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)80957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fresh bovine semen was contaminated with five strains of Campylobacter fetus at 10(5) to 10(6) organisms per ml of semen. The contaminated semen was processed to contain 500 units of polymyxin B, 500 units of penicillin G, and 1000 micrograms of streptomycin sulfate per ml, incubated at 35 degrees C for 10 min, and added then to whole milk extender with like units of antibiotics for further processing. Both a low and high initial sperm count requiring extension rates 1:7 and 1:39 were studied. Specimens for bacterial viability were processed for culture prior to adding bacteria, 100 min after initial antibiotic treatment, prior to freezing, and after thawed semen was centrifuged and washed to remove extender and antibiotic residue. All strains of Campylobacter fetus were not viable 6 h postantibiotic treatment prior to freezing. All nonantibiotic treated controls were viable after thawing and washing. Removal of antibiotics from thawed semen by centrifugation and washing indicated that antibiotics had bactericidal rather than only bacteriostatic activities against Campylobacter fetus.
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Sirinek KR, O'Dorisio TM, Howe B, McFee AS. Neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Their role in the dumping syndrome. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1985; 120:605-9. [PMID: 3985800 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390290083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of gastric bypass on the glucose, insulin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin, and motilin response to orally administered glucose in eight morbidly obese patients before and after operation. Preoperatively, all eight patients remained asymptomatic during an oral glucose tolerance test, which showed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinism. Plasma VIP, neurotensin, and motilin remained below detectable levels for the entire test. At three months following gastric bypass (21% weight loss), all eight patients became acutely ill during a repeated oral glucose tolerance test and had the following symptoms: facial flushing (eight patients), palpitations (eight patients), nausea (seven patients), abdominal fullness (seven patients), pallor (four patients), diaphoresis (two patients), vomiting (two patients), and diarrhea (two patients). Significant release of neurotensin occurred in seven patients while three patients had release of VIP, further implicating these two peptides as part of the pathophysiologic spectrum of the "dumping syndrome."
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Sirinek KR, Howe B, O'Dorisio TM. Early phase of pancreatic polypeptide release is augmented by calcium infusion. J Surg Res 1985; 38:524-9. [PMID: 3990280 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(85)90071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect on an intravenous infusion of calcium chloride (4 and 8 mg/kg/hr) on both fasting and meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release in an awake canine model. Intravenous calcium had no effect on fasting levels of PP. A protein-rich meal was a potent stimulus for PP release with a peak response of 1474 +/- 266 pg/ml occurring at 45 min after the meal. Intravenous calcium at a dose of 8 mg/kg/hr augmented meal-stimulated PP release from 30 to 180 min after the meal compared to control values. Significant increases in serum calcium occurred at 60 to 180 min during infusion of calcium at 8 mg/kg/hr. This study demonstrates that the early cephalic (vagal) phase of pancreatic polypeptide release appears to be sensitive to subthreshold increases in extracellular calcium, suggesting that calcium is a factor in the stimulus-secretion coupling for the endogenous release of pancreatic polypeptide.
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Cook PE, Howe B. Unusual use of ultrasound in a paranoid patient. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1984; 131:539. [PMID: 6383587 PMCID: PMC1483601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Violanti J, Marshall J, Howe B. Police occupational demands, psychological distress and the coping function of alcohol. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE. : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1983; 25:455-8. [PMID: 6886847 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-198306000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is an important problem among personnel in the high-stress police occupation. The impact of occupational demands, psychological distress, and coping on police alcohol consumption are explored. Results indicate that psychological distress, as an intervening factor between work demands and alcohol use itself, has an important positive effect on alcohol use.
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Howe B. A language skills program for secondary LD students. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 1982; 15:541-544. [PMID: 7175362 DOI: 10.1177/002221948201500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A program was developed to increase the receptive and expressive language skills of secondary learning disabled students. Emphasis is on reading, writing, and listening skills. Thirty-one students (23 males and 8 females)---all LD except for 7 (4 males and 3 females)---had a baseline mean reading level of 3.2 as measured by the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests at level R. After one year the group mean was 5.1. For the 19 students (all LD) enrolled in the program for 2 years, the mean rose to 6.3. The entire program is applicable to two delivery systems---resource room and self-contained with integration.
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Pederson R, O'Dorisio T, Howe B, McIntosh C, Mueller M, Brown J, Cataland S. Vagal release of IR-VIP and IR-gastrin from the isolated perfused rat stomach. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1981; 23:225-31. [PMID: 7274550 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(81)90072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus at varying pulse widths on the release of immunoreactive VIP (IR-VIP) and IR-gastrin have been investigated, using the isolated perfused rat stomach preparation. Electrical stimulation of vagal trunks at a pulse width of 0.1 msec duration yielded no change in basal IR-VIP levels whereas a pulse width of 5.0 msec produced a prompt sustained increase. Stimulation at either pulse width evoked gastrin release. Atropine blocked the vagal release of IR-gastrin but not IR-VIP whereas hexamethonium blocked both responses. Exogenously administered porcine VIP, at concentrations mimicking endogenously released levels, was used in an attempt to reproduce the effects observed by vagal stimulation. Exogenous VIP had no effect on gastrin or somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) release. These in vitro studies support a role for VIP as a neurotransmitter released from the stomach by low-threshold non-cholinergic vagal fibres, but involving autonomic ganglia.
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Howe B. Women as Workers at Risk. Science 1981; 213:432-3. [PMID: 17760185 DOI: 10.1126/science.213.4506.432-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Howe B. Women as Workers at Risk:
Work and the Health of Women
. Vilma R. Hunt with assistance from Kathleen Lucas- Wallace and Jeanne M. Manson. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1980. viii, 236 pp. $64.95. Science 1981. [DOI: 10.1126/science.213.4506.432.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
A study of 1,505 women obtaining abortions in a freestanding abortion clinic in Western New York state revealed that women having repeat abortions were more likely to be using contraception at the time of conception than women having first abortions. However, nearly one-half the non-contracepting repeaters were not contracepting at the time of the repeat pregnancy. Repeaters who were not contracepting at the time of the repeat pregnancy listed medical contraindications or lack of supplies as the major reasons for not contracepting at the time of the present conception--indicating that they had tried one or more methods since their first abortion. Repeaters were sexually more active than first timers, thus increasing their statistical risk of unwanted pregnancy even as they contracepted more than first timers. The data indicate that both first timers and repeaters overwhelmingly reject the premise that abortion is a primary or even a back-up birth control method. The essential difficulty for repeaters appears to be that they are victims of technological, organizational, and logistical inadequacies as well as statistical probabilities rather than being motivationally deficient or indifferent to the dangers of unprotected sexual intercourse.
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Howe B, Froom J, Culpepper L, Mangone D. Adoption of the sick role by prisoners: report on a multi-functional experiment. Soc Sci Med 1977; 11:507-10. [PMID: 929242 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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48
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Froom J, Howe B, Mangone D, Swearingen C, Warren PS. A health data system for New York State correctional facilities. Am J Public Health 1977; 67:250-1. [PMID: 842763 PMCID: PMC1653577 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.67.3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Froom J, Warren PS, Mangone D, Swearingen C, Howe B. Implementation of medical record and data system for correctional facilities. Prison health data system. NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1977; 77:209-15. [PMID: 265006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Howe B, Warren PS. The institution-centered approach to rural primary health care: a preliminary report from New York State. Am J Public Health 1977; 67:54-5. [PMID: 831560 PMCID: PMC1653591 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.67.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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