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Ebrahimi B, Nemunaitis JJ, Shiffman R, Birch R, Diaz-Lacayo M, Berdeaux DH, Rettenmaier MA, Goggins TF, Henderson IC. A phase 1 study of daily oral perifosine (P) with weekly paclitaxel (T). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
13117 Background: P is an oral signal transduction modulator with limited toxicity. P combined with 3-weekly T led to no toxicity beyond that expected with each drug alone. Weekly T is more effective than 3-weekly T in some settings (Seidman, ASCO 2004:512), so this study evaluated whether weekly T altered the tolerance to P. Methods: Twelve patients (pts) were enrolled. T was given at 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28 day cycle. P, 50 mg, was given 1, 2 or 3 times a day on days 1–21 of each cycle. Results: Tumor types were lung 2, breast 4, endometrium 3 and other 3. Median age was 55 (range 41–82). All pts had received prior chemotherapy (median 2.5, range 1–3 regimens) and 6 a prior taxane. Three pts were entered at each dose and the cohort expanded to 6 pts if 2 or more experienced a grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1. A dose was toxic if 4 or more pts experienced a DLT during cycle 1. Since toxicity was not dose limiting in any cohort, the 150 dose was expanded to 6 pts. There were no grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities. The grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities at least possibly related to perifosine are given in the table below: The high glucose values were 276 and 277. A total of 38 cycles and a median of 2.5 cycles per pt (range 1–10+) were delivered. Full dose T was given in 85% of cycles (50 mg–100%, 100 mg–85%, 150 mg–86%). Dose reductions of T in 3 pts were related to neuropathy, suspected bronchitis and fatigue. One pt treated at 100 mg requested T be stopped after 6 cycles due to neurotoxicity and has received 6 additional cycles of perifosine alone. Perifosine dose reductions were required in 13% of cycles (50 mg - 0%, 100 mg - 21%, 150 mg - 9%). One pt each was reduced due to constipation, nausea and diarrhea. Five of 7 evaluable pts had stable disease (breast 2, cervix, endometrium, thyroid) for at least 3 months. Four remain stable at 3+ to 10+ months. Conclusions: The single agent doses of P (150 mg daily) & T (80 mg/m2 weekly) were given without increasing the toxicities expected from using each drug alone. Phase II studies are warranted to define the activity of the combination. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Bernhardt B, Nemunaitis JJ, Ebrahimi B, Cervera A, Birch R, Richards DA, Smith GB, Allerton JP, Henderson IC. The addition of prednisone (Pr) to the combination of docetaxel (T) and perifosine (P) decreases the severity of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
13142 Background: Miltefosine (M) is an alkophosholipid with activity as a topical treatment for cutaneous breast cancer lesions. Severe GI toxicity limited its development as a systemic anticancer treatment. P is an equipotent derivative of M with less GI toxicity, but nausea,(N), vomiting (V) & diarrhea (D) are still dose limiting. Methods: This phase 1 study evaluated whether the addition of Pr would enhance the tolerability of P & T in combination. Twenty-five patients (pts) were enrolled. The dose of T was 75 mg/m2 on day 8 of a 21 day cycle and half of the pts were randomized to also receive Pr, 5 mg bid. 50 mg of P was given orally 1, 2 or 3 times a day in successive cohorts on days 1 - 14 of each cycle. Results: Disease sites included lung 9, prostate 7, pancreas 3, ovary 2, breast 1 and other 4. The median age was 63 (range 41 - 80). 18 pts were male & median ECOG performance status was 1 (range 0–2). 22 pts had received a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens, 15 a prior taxane and 16 prior radiotherapy. Forty-two cycles of T+P were given without Pr (median 3 & range 1 - 18 per pt) and 84 cycles were given with Pr (median 4.5 cycles & range 1 - 17 per pt). The percentage of pts experiencing various grades (Gr) of N, V & D without and with prednisone are shown in the table below: Five of 12 pts not receiving Pr had gr 2 or 3 toxicities compared to 1 of 13 given Pr. (p<0.05) There were 7 pts evaluable for response not receiving Pr of whom 2 patients with prostate cancer had stable disease for 4+ and 10+ months. There were 9 evaluable pts receiving Pr; 3 partial responses (1 lung & 2, prostate pts) were seen and 1 prostate cancer was stable for 10 months. Patients given prednisone increased their average time on treatment by 50%, and this might be the reason that more responses were seen in this group. Conclusions: These data show that Pr decreases the severity of GI toxicity seen with T & P together and provide a rationale for further studies evaluating the effects of Pr on the toxicities of P either alone or in combination with other drugs. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Ebrahimi B, Martel CL, Horns RC, Upadhyaya GH, Vakil MJ, Bosserman LD, Presant CA. Heterogeneous monitoring for and management of bevacizumab (BE) toxicity (T): Develpment of standardized guidelines for monitoring (mon) and treatment (tre) of the BE toxicity syndrome (BETS). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vakil MJ, Bosserman LD, Presant CA, Martel CL, Ebrahimi B, Upadhyaya GH, Yeon CH, Scalia MD, Young T, Horns RC. Increasing accrual (Ac) to clinical trials (CT) in community cancer clinics (CCC): A successful method using electronic medical records (EMR), virtual private network (VPN) and focused group activities (FGA). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bosserman LD, Presant CA, Vakil MJ, Horns RC, Upadhyaya G, Ebrahimi B, Martel CL, Yeon CH, Young T, Scalia MD. Development and implementation of effective quality (Q) guidelines (G) in community (com) cancer centers (CC): The cancer quality program (CQP). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martel CL, Ebrahimi B, Horns RC, Upadhyaya GH, Vakil MJ, Yeon CH, Bosserman LD, Presant CA. Incidence of bevacizumab (BE) related toxicities: Association of hypertension (HTN) and proteinuria (PTN), a BE toxicity syndrome (BETS). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ebrahimi B, Tucker SL, Li D, Abbruzzese JL, Kurzrock R. Cytokines in pancreatic carcinoma: correlation with phenotypic characteristics and prognosis. Cancer 2004; 101:2727-36. [PMID: 15526319 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines have been implicated in diverse processes that are relevant to pancreatic carcinoma, including cachexia, asthenia, and tumor growth. The objective of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory or angiogenic cytokines and the outcomes of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 51 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and from 48-62 healthy volunteers. Cytokine levels were compared with disease manifestations and overall survival. RESULTS Circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), and IL-1beta were not elevated significantly in patients with pancreatic carcinoma, but levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were elevated significantly (P <0.05). Cytokine levels were dichotomized based on an analysis of null Martingale residuals. Patients who had IL-6 levels > 5.2 pg/mL or IL-10 levels >9.8 pg/mL had significantly worse survival compared with patients who had lower IL-6 or IL-10 levels (P <0.05). IL-8 levels were not associated with survival differences. Patients who had IL-1RA levels <159 pg/mL had significantly worse survival compared with patients who had higher IL-1RA levels (P <0.05). Higher IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8 levels were associated with poor performance status and/or weight loss. In multivariate analysis, only T4 tumors and high IL-6 levels were selected as independent prognostic factors for poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of several cytokines were high in patients with pancreatic carcinoma, and their association with weight loss and poor performance status suggested that they may be involved in these disease manifestations. Furthermore, serum cytokine levels, in particular IL-6, may be a useful prognostic marker.
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Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Abai MR, Ebrahimi B, Zahraei-Ramazani AR, Vafaei-Nezhad R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Jafari R. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL = LA REVUE DE SANTE DE LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE = AL-MAJALLAH AL-SIHHIYAH LI-SHARQ AL-MUTAWASSIT 2004; 10:688. [PMID: 16335665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Yaghoobi Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Zahraei Ramazani AV, Abai MR, Ebrahimi B, Vafaei Nezhad R, Hanafi Bojd AA, Jafari R. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2003. [DOI: 10.26719/2003.9.4.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] in Sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. Examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. Among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0-4 years with a rate of 5.9%. A total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. Leptomonad infection was found in Phlebotomus papatasi, P. caucasicus and Sergentomyia sintoni. Parasites from man, P. papatasi and Rhombomys opimus, were isolated and characterized as Leishmania major. Based on this survey, this is an epidemic of zoonotic CL, with R. opimus the main reservoir host, and P. papatasi the main vector
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Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Zahraei-Ramazani AV, Abai MR, Ebrahimi B, Vafaei-Nezhad R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Jafari R. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL = LA REVUE DE SANTE DE LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE = AL-MAJALLAH AL-SIHHIYAH LI-SHARQ AL-MUTAWASSIT 2003; 9:816-26. [PMID: 15748078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. Examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. Among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0-4 years with a rate of 5.9%. A total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. Leptomonad infection was found in Phlebotomus papatasi, P. caucasicus and Sergentomyia sintoni. Parasites from man, P. papatasi and Rhombomys opimus, were isolated and characterized as Leishmania major. Based on this survey, this is an epidemic of zoonotic CL, with R. opimus the main reservoir host, and P. papatasi the main vector.
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Ebrahimi B. Overview of the 2002 annual scientific conference of the Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research: "Pancreatic cancer: translating discovery to patient care". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER 2003; 30:177-9. [PMID: 12540031 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-001-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ebrahimi B, Dutia BM, Brownstein DG, Nash AA. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 infection causes multi-organ fibrosis and alters leukocyte trafficking in interferon-gamma receptor knockout mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:2117-25. [PMID: 11395389 PMCID: PMC1892003 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) infection in interferon-gamma receptor knockout mice (IFN-gammaR(-)/(-)) results in splenic fibrosis and excessive loss of splenocytes. In our present study we found that MHV-68 infection in IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) mice also resulted in fibrosis and atrophy of the mediastinal lymph nodes, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic changes in the liver. Atrophy and cellular depletion of the spleen in IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) was not the result of increased cell death. The loss of splenocytes in IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) mice, which was most evident on day 23 after infection, correlated with an increase in the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood. At the peak of leukocytosis, on day 23 after infection, peripheral blood cells from infected IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) mice were unable to traffic through the fibrosed spleens of IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) mice but were able to enter the spleens of wild-type mice. This indicates that leukocytosis was in part the result of emigration of cells from the spleen and their subsequent exclusion of re-entry at the height of fibrosis. Significant cytokine and chemokine changes were observed in spleens of IFN-gammaR(-)/(-) mice. IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ), TNF-beta, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), lymphotactin, and MIP-1beta were elevated on day 14 after infection whereas chemokines IP-10 and MIG were significantly reduced. These changes suggest a role for dysregulated cytokines and chemokines in severe organ-specific fibrosis with implications for immune-mediated fibrotic disorders.
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Ebrahimi B, Allsopp TE, Fazakerley JK, Harkiss GD. Phenotypic characterisation and infection of ovine microglial cells with Maedi-Visna virus. J Neurovirol 2000; 6:320-8. [PMID: 10951556 DOI: 10.3109/13550280009030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in pathological changes, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. MVV preferentially infects cell of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in vivo. The neuroparenchymal microglial cells are the resident tissue macrophages in the CNS and therefore likely targets for MVV infection. However, no information is currently available on the susceptibility of these cells to MVV infection or their contribution to neuropathological changes as a result of MVV infection. Highly enriched primary ovine microglial cell cultures were set up from brain tissues of lambs. These cells were amoeboid or bipolar with spikes, a morphology consistent with microglial cells of other species, and stained positive for CD1, CD11a, CD11c, CD14, MHC-class I, MHC-class II, and beta-N-acetyl galactose, but not with markers of astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. These sheep microglial cells were permissive for MVV infection. Productive MVV infection resulted in selective transcriptional up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-6. In contrast, there was no change in levels of transcripts for TGFbeta1, IL-1beta, GM-CSF, IL-10, or IL-12. These data provide the first evidence that ovine microglial cells can support productive infection with MVV, and that this leads to a selective up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These may contribute to visna neuropathology.
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Fiskerstrand CE, Newey P, Ebrahimi B, Gerrard L, Harrison P, McGregor GP, Quinn JP. Novel cell lines for the analysis of preprotachykinin A gene expression identify a repressor domain 3' of the major transcriptional start site. Biochem J 1999; 341 ( Pt 3):847-52. [PMID: 10417352 PMCID: PMC1220426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Until now, no clonal cells have been identified that support the expression of a marker gene expressed from the rat preprotachykinin A (rPPT) promoter. We have analysed recently available cell lines that are candidates for supporting reporter gene expression directed by the rPPT promoter. These are the neuronal-derived cell line NF2C and the pancreatic cell lines RINm5F and a derivative RIN-1027-B2. The NF2C line was derived from the brain homogenate of a transgenic animal in which a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen was expressed from a neurofilament promoter. All three lines are able to support expression of a reporter gene directed by a fragment of the 5' rPPT promoter. Analysis of reporter gene expression supported by various fragments of the rPPT promoter demonstrated that although -865 to +92 bp supported expression, the addition of fragments between +92 and +447 bp led to repression of expression. Subsequent analysis of reporter gene constructs microinjected into primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) confirmed the existence of this repressor domain. This repression could be relieved totally in both RIN cell lines and partly in NF2C cells by mutating residues between +373 and +396 bp. This indicates that these cell lines support PPT promoter activity similar to that observed in DRG and determines a novel repressor domain within the promoter.
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Dani C, Chambers I, Johnstone S, Robertson M, Ebrahimi B, Saito M, Taga T, Li M, Burdon T, Nichols J, Smith A. Paracrine induction of stem cell renewal by LIF-deficient cells: a new ES cell regulatory pathway. Dev Biol 1998; 203:149-62. [PMID: 9806780 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.9026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The propagation of pluripotential mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is sustained by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or related cytokines that act through a common receptor complex comprising the LIF receptor subunit (LIF-R) and the signal transducer gp130. However, the findings that embryos lacking LIF-R or gp130 can develop beyond gastrulation argue for the existence of an alternative pathway(s) governing the maintenance of pluripotency in vivo. In order to define those factors that contribute to self-renewal in ES cell cultures, we have generated ES cells in which both copies of the lif gene are deleted. These cells showed a significantly reduced capacity for regeneration of stem cell colonies when induced to differentiate, confirming that LIF is the major endogenous regulatory cytokine in ES cell cultures. However, self-renewal was not abolished and undifferentiated ES cell colonies were still obtained in the complete absence of LIF. A differentiated, LIF-deficient, parietal endoderm-like cell line was derived and shown to support ES cell propagation via production of a soluble, macromolecular, trypsin-sensitive activity. This activity, which we name ES cell renewal factor (ESRF), is distinct from members of the IL-6/LIF family because (i) it is effective on ES cells lacking LIF-R; (ii) it is not blocked by anti-gp130 neutralizing antibodies; and (iii) it acts without activation of STAT3. ES cells propagated clonally using ESRF alone can contribute fully to chimaeras and engender germline transmission. These findings establish that ES cell pluripotency can be sustained via a LIF-R/gp130-independent, STAT-3 independent, signaling pathway. Operation of this pathway in vivo could play an important role in the regulation of pluripotency in the epiblast and account for the viability of lifr -/- and gp130 -/- embryos.
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Ebrahimi B, Roy DJ, Bird P, Sargan DR. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the ovine interleukin 6 gene. Cytokine 1995; 7:232-6. [PMID: 7640342 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1995.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gene amplification by reverse transcriptase PCR with heterologous primers has been used to obtain a cDNA clone encoding the structural sequences of ovine interleukin 6 from alveolar macrophages. This cDNA encodes a protein of M(r) = 23,429, which is 53% homologous in amino acid sequence to human IL = 6. The clone hybridizes to an RNA of size 1260 nt in alveolar macrophages, expression of which is potentiated by LPS. The ovine IL-6 structural gene has been cloned into the yeast expression vector pOGS40, and used to produce a recombinant protein. This protein is capable of causing increased immunoglobulin production in pokeweed mitogen stimulated ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations of 10-100 ng/ml, but it only causes very limited replication of B9 cells, a murine IL-6 dependent cell line. This is in contrast to recombinant human IL-6, which is capable of stimulating B9 cell proliferation, but not immunoglobulin production by ovine PBMC.
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Moshref M, Ebrahimi B, Hafez MT. Periosteal compact osteoma. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1984; 58:743. [PMID: 6594667 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(84)90047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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