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Senanayake DMJB, Mandal B. Expression of symptoms, viral coat protein and silencing suppressor gene during mixed infection of a N-Wi strain of potato virus Y and an asymptomatic strain of potato virus X. Virusdisease 2015; 25:314-21. [PMID: 25674598 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus X (PVX), the RNA viruses of two different genera results into synergistic interactions on mixed infection. In this study, a N-Wi strain of PVY and a PVX strain that is asymptomatic on potato were used to study their interactions during mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum with reference to symptom expression, level of coat protein (CP) using ELISA and suppressor gene using real time PCR under high temperature (26-40 °C) and low temperature (5-25 °C) conditions. Both mixed and single infection caused severe necrosis and death of N. benthamiana plants. Single infection of these viruses in N. tabacum showed mild symptoms but mixed infection caused more severe symptoms. Synergistic symptoms were more pronounced under low temperature conditions than at high temperature. In low temperature conditions, the CP level of PVX in N. benthamiana was twofold higher than PVY and both the viruses reached at peak at 28 dpi in single virus infection. When PVY and PVX inoculated together, the CP levels of both the viruses increased and reached to the peak earlier (within 7-14 days) than that in the single virus inoculation. Although, the CP level of PVX was higher than PVY in mixed infection, at later stage (28 dpi) both the CP level declined to the similar level. The level of p25 suppressor gene was higher than HC-Pro in single inoculation. However, under mixed inoculation of PVY and PVX, expression of p25 was declined to the level of HC-Pro when the CP levels of both the virus also were observed to decline. The expression pattern of CP and suppressor gene was different in plants when mixed infection was created by inoculation of one virus followed by the other. This study showed the level of CP and suppressor gene of specific strain of PVY and PVX during their mixed infection in tobacco.
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Shilpi S, Kumar A, Biswas S, Roy A, Mandal B. A recombinant Tobacco curly shoot virus causes leaf curl disease in tomato in a north-eastern state of India and has potentiality to trans-replicate a non-cognate betasatellite. Virus Genes 2015; 50:87-96. [PMID: 25410052 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf curl disease is a serious constraint in tomato production throughout India. Several begomoviruses were reported from different parts of the country; however, identity of begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tomato in north-eastern states of India was obscured. In the present study, the complete genome of an isolate (To-Ag-1) of begomovirus was generated from a leaf curl sample collected from Tripura state. However, no DNA-B and betasatellite were detected in the field samples. The genome of To-Ag-1 isolate contained 2,755 nucleotides that shared 94.7 % sequence identity with Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) and 71.3-90.1 % sequence identity with the other tomato-infecting begomoviruses occurring in the Indian subcontinent. Several inter-specific recombination events among different tomato-infecting begomoviruses from India and intra-specific recombination among different isolates of TbCSV reported from China were observed in the genome of To-Ag-1 isolate. Agroinoculation of the virus alone produced leaf curl symptoms in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, co-inoculation with a non-cognate betasatellite, Croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite (CroYVMB) with the TbCSV resulted in increased severity of the symptoms both in tomato and N. benthamiana. Systemic distribution of the TbCSV and CroYVMB was detected in the newly developed leaves of tobacco and tomato, which showed ability of TbCSV to trans-replicate CroYVMB. The present study for the first time provides evidence of occurrence of TbCSV in tomato in north-eastern region of India and showed increased virulence of TbCSV with a non-cognate betasatellite.
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Mandal B, Sarkar P. A new two-dimensional metal–organic framework with high spin-filtering efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17437-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new metal–organic framework, consisting of substituted naphthalene molecules and transition metals, is proposed with good spin filtering properties.
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Mandal B, Sarkar S, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Doped defective graphene nanoribbons: a new class of materials with novel spin filtering properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Soumya K, Yogita M, Prasanthi Y, Anitha K, Kishor PBK, Jain RK, Mandal B. Molecular characterization of Indian isolate of peanut mottle virus and immunodiagnosis using bacterial expressed core capsid protein. Virusdisease 2014; 25:331-7. [PMID: 25674600 PMCID: PMC4188198 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), a seed borne potyvirus was recorded in India in 1978, however the virus was not characterized at molecular level. In the present study, an isolate of PeMoV infecting peanut in southern India was characterized based on host reactions and coat protein (CP) gene sequence, which revealed that the Indian isolate was very close to a peanut isolate reported from Israel and distinct from pea isolate reported from USA. The core region of CP gene that contained majority of the predicted epitopes was successfully expressed (1.75 mg/l) in Escherichia coli as a 22 kDa protein. A high titer polyclonal antibody (PAb) to the expressed core CP was produced, which efficiently detected PeMoV. The antiserum was useful in specific detection of PeMoV as it showed negligible cross reactivity with the other potyviruses e.g., peanut stripe virus, potato virus Y, papaya ringspot virus and onion yellow dwarf virus. The PAb was validated in ELISA using 1,169 field and greenhouse samples of peanut which showed 1.85-26.3 % incidence of PeMoV in peanut seed multiplication field during 2011-2012. This is the first report of immunodiagnosis of PeMoV with a PAb to recombinant core CP of PeMoV.
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Pramanik A, Mandal B, Sarkar S, Sarkar P. Effect of edge states on the transport properties of pentacene–graphene nanojunctions. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Phaneendra C, Sambasiva Rao KRS, Kapoor R, Jain RK, Mandal B. Fusion coat protein of pumpkin yellow vein mosaic virus with maltose binding protein: Applications in immunodiagnosis of begomoviruses. Virusdisease 2014; 25:390-3. [PMID: 25674610 PMCID: PMC4188205 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Availability of adequate quantity of purified virus preparation from plant tissue is the major limitation in producing polyclonal antibodies (PAb) to begomovirus. Very few examples show successful utilization of E. coli expressed recombinant coat protein (CP) for immuno diagnosis of begomoviruses. In the present study, ~771 bp CP gene (~29.0 kDa) of Pumpkin yellow vein mosaic virus (PYVMV) was expressed as a ~71.0 kDa fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP) (~42.0 kDa) in E. coli. The MBP-CP was obtained in soluble state. The PAb to the purified fusion protein successfully detected PYVMV and other bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses in the field samples at 1:250 dilution in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Our study for the first time showed that MBP-tag fusion CP was suitable to produce diagnostic antibody to begomoviruses.
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Chowdhury P, Hari R, Chakraborty B, Mandal B, Naskar S, Das N. Isolation, culture optimization and physico-chemical characterization of laccase enzyme from Pleurotus fossulatus. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:173-181. [PMID: 24783799 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.173.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus fossulatus (Cooke) Sace is member of oyster mushroom can produced extracellular laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.10.3.2) in submerged fermentation. To analyze the optimum production for laccase P. fossulatus was cultured both in stationary and shaking condition in different media. Partial purification of laccase was done after 0-80% ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) Sephadex (A-50) anion exchange chromatography. Potato-sucrose peptone (PSP) medium and Potato-dextrose (PD) medium showed highest laccase production in shaking and stationary conditions, respectively. Though the time required for optimum laccase production in stationary condition was much more than the shaking condition but the amount of laccase was about 2.75t greater in former condition. The laccase produced in stationary condition was more stable than the enzyme produced in shaking condition. The partially purified enzyme showed highest affinity towards o-dianisidine than guaiacol and ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as evidenced by their K(m). The physico-chemical properties of the laccase suggested the significance of this enzyme in industrial applications.
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Mandal B. One Pot Synthesis of Zr4+doped Carbon Coated LiFePO4 Cathode Material for Rechargeable Li-ion Battery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2014/7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mandal B, Shilpi S, Barman AR, Mandal S, Varma A. Nine novel DNA components associated with the foorkey disease of large cardamom: Evidence of a distinct babuvirus species in Nanoviridae. Virus Res 2013; 178:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gazala IFS, Sahoo RN, Pandey R, Mandal B, Gupta VK, Singh R, Sinha P. Spectral reflectance pattern in soybean for assessing yellow mosaic disease. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:242-9. [PMID: 24426282 PMCID: PMC3784907 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing technique is useful for monitoring large crop area at a single time point, which is otherwise not possible by visual observation alone. Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is a serious constraint in soybean production in India. However, hardly any basic information is available for monitoring YMD by remote sensing. Present study examines spectral reflectance of soybean leaves due to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) infection in order to identify YMD sensitive spectral ratio or reflectance. Spectral reflectance measurement indicated significant (p < 0.001) change in reflectance in the infected soybean canopy as compared to the healthy one. In the infected canopy, reflectance increased in visible region and decreased in near infra-red region of spectrum. Reflectance sensitivity analysis indicated wavelength ~642, ~686 and ~750 nm were sensitive to YMD infection. Whereas, in yellow leaves induced due to nitrogen deficiency, the sensitive wavelength was ~589 nm. Due to viral infection, a shift occurred in red and infra-red slope (called red edge) on the left in comparison to healthy one. Red edge shift was a good indicator to discriminate yellow mosaic as chlorophyll gets degraded due to MYMIV infection. Correlation of reflectance at 688 nm (R688) and spectral reflectance ratio at 750 and 445 nm (R750/R445) with the weighted mosaic index indicated that detection of yellow mosaic is possible based on these sensitive bands. Our study for the first time identifies the yellow mosaic sensitive band as R688 and R750/R445, which could be utilized to scan satellite data for monitoring YMD affected soybean cropping regions.
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Vijayanandraj S, Yogita M, Das A, Ghosh A, Mandal B. Highly efficient immunodiagnosis of Large cardamom chirke virus using the polyclonal antiserum against Escherichia coli expressed recombinant coat protein. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:227-34. [PMID: 24426280 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Large cardamom chirke virus (LCCV), genus Macluravirus, family Potyviridae is an important constrain in large cardamom production in India. Purification of LCCV from large cardamom tissues is difficult and therefore immunodiagnostic reagents are not available. In the present study, we have successfully expressed coat protein (CP) gene of LCCV in Escherichia coli. The purification of expressed protein by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was inefficient due to precipitation of protein during renaturation. We have optimized a simple, inexpensive and efficient method for purification of the expressed CP through gel extraction with 5 % SDS followed by renaturation in Milli-Q water, which resulted in high yield (4.7 mg/ml) and good quality of the protein. A higher titer (1:256,000) polyclonal antibody (PAb) to the recombinant CP was produced, which strongly recognized LCCV in crude leaf extract and showed minimal background reaction with the healthy leaf extract in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The sensitivities of the ELISA and DIBA were 5 and 0.1 ng of expressed protein, respectively. Both the ELISA and DIBA were validated with 100 % accuracy in detecting LCCV in field samples. The PAb differentiated Cardamom mosaic virus, another close relative of LCCV. Our study is first to report highly efficient immunodiagnosis with PAb to E. coli expressed recombinant CP of a virus under the genus Macluravirus. The antigen expression construct and PAb developed in the present study will be useful in production of virus free planting materials of large cardamom.
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Bhattacharjee R, Sharma A, Rays A, Thakur I, Sarkar D, Mandal B, Mookerjee SK, Chatterjee SK, Chowdhury PR. Addison's disease presenting with muscle spasm. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2013; 61:675-676. [PMID: 24772716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary hypoadrenalism has various causes and protean manifestation. We report a young female patient who presented with severe muscle spasm as her primary complaint. On evaluation she was found to be a case of Addison's disease secondary to adrenal tuberculosis. Her muscle spasm disappeared rapidly with replacement dose of glucocorticoid.
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Anthony Johnson AM, Vidya T, Papaiah S, Srinivasulu M, Mandal B, Sai Gopal DVR. First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infecting Gherkin (Cucumis anguira) in India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:289-90. [PMID: 24426289 PMCID: PMC3784902 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A field visit in September 2011 to the Cucumis anguira (Gherkin) growing regions of Kuppam, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India revealed occurrence of mosaic, blistering and fruit malformation leading to the crop losses. Analysis of field samples revealed association of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) with the disease. This is the first confirmed report of natural occurrence of ZYMV on Gherkin in India.
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Kapoor P, Mandal B, Chowdhury U, Singh S, Kiran U. Changes in myocardial lactate, pyruvate and lactate-pyruvate ratio during cardiopulmonary bypass for elective adult cardiac surgery: Early indicator of morbidity. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2013; 27:225-32. [PMID: 21772685 PMCID: PMC3127304 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.81819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial lactate assays have been established as a standard method to compare various myocardial protection strategies. This study was designed to test whether coronary sinus (CS) lactates, pyruvate and lactate-pyruvate (LP) ratio correlates with myocardial dysfunction and predict postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted on 40 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CS blood sampling was done for estimation of myocardial lactate (ML), pyruvate (MP) and lactate-pyruvate ratio (MLPR) namely: pre-CPB (T(1)), after removal of aortic cross clamp (T(2)) and 30 minutes post-CPB (T(3)). RESULTS Baseline myocardial LPR strongly correlated with Troponin-I at T1 (σ: 0.6). Patients were sub grouped according to the median value of myocardial lactate (2.9) at baseline T1 into low myocardial lactate (LML) group, mean (2.39±0.4 mmol/l), n=19 and a high myocardial lactate (HML) group, mean (3.65±0.9 mmol/l), n = 21. A significant increase in PL, ML, MLPR and TropI occurred in both groups as compared to baseline. Patients in HML group had significant longer period of ICU stay. Patients with higher inotrope score had significantly higher ML (T2, T3). ML with a baseline value of 2.9 mmol/l had 70.83% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity (ROC area: 0.7109 Std error: 0.09) while myocardial pyruvate with a baseline value of 0.07 mmol/l has 79.17% sensitivity and 68.75% specificity (ROC area: 0.7852, Std error: 0.0765) for predicting inotrope requirement after CPB. CONCLUSION CS lactate, pyruvate and LP ratio correlate with myocardial function and can predict postoperative outcome.
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Akhter MS, Basavaraj YB, Akanda AM, Mandal B, Jain RK. Genetic Diversity Based on Coat Protein of Papaya ringspot virus (Pathotype P) Isolates from Bangladesh. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:70-3. [PMID: 24426261 PMCID: PMC3650182 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The coat protein (CP) sequences of twelve Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) (pathotype-P) isolates from six major papaya growing areas were determined and compared with those of published PRSV. The CP coding region varied in size from 846-852 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 282-284 amino acids. Comparative CP sequence analysis revealed that the PRSV-P isolates originating from Bangladesh were divergent up to 14 % at amino acids level. Further, the isolates from Bangladesh shared 86-95 % amino acid sequence identity with those reported from rest 21 of the Asia and 83-93 % amino acid sequence identity with isolates from the other parts of the world. A number of KE repeats were observed in the N terminus of the CP coding region of all Bangladesh isolates. Phylogenetic branching pattern revealed that the PRSV-P isolates originating from Bangladesh formed a distinct clade from those from the rest of the world. This forms the first report on the genetic diversity of PRSV-P isolates from Bangladesh.
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Mandal B, Sarkar S, Sarkar P. Energetics and Electronic Structure of Encapsulated Graphene Nanoribbons in Carbon Nanotube. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8568-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4025359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biswas D, Mandal B, Biswas B, Banerjee A, Mukherjee TK. Plying of speedboats along canals in the city of Kolkata, India, to prevent mosquito breeding. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2013; 107:147-51. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trs026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mandal B, Sarkar S, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Theoretical prediction of a new two-dimensional carbon allotrope and NDR behaviour of its one-dimensional derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:21001-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pramesh D, Mandal B, Phaneendra C, Muniyappa V. Host range and genetic diversity of croton yellow vein mosaic virus, a weed-infecting monopartite begomovirus causing leaf curl disease in tomato. Arch Virol 2012; 158:531-42. [PMID: 23096697 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV) is a widely occurring begomovirus in Croton bonplandianum, a common weed in the Indian subcontinent. In this study, CYVMV (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) was transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) to as many as 35 plant species belonging to 11 families, including many vegetables, tobacco varieties, ornamentals and weeds. CYVMV produced bright yellow vein symptoms in croton, whereas in all the other host species, the virus produced leaf curl symptoms. CYVMV produced leaf curl in 13 tobacco species and 22 cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum and resembled tobacco leaf curl virus (TobLCV) in host reactions. However, CYVMV was distinguished from TobLCV in four differential hosts, Ageratum conyzoides, C. bonplandianum, Euphorbia geniculata and Sonchus bracyotis. The complete genome sequences of four isolates originating from northern, eastern and southern India revealed that a single species of DNA-A and a betasatellite, croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite (CroYVMB) were associated with the yellow vein mosaic disease of croton. The sequence identity among the isolates of CYVMV DNA-A and CroYVMB occurring in diverse plant species was 91.8-97.9 % and 83.3-100 %, respectively. The CYVMV DNA-A and CroYVMB generated through rolling-circle amplification of the cloned DNAs produced typical symptoms of yellow vein mosaic and leaf curling in croton and tomato, respectively. The progeny virus from both the croton and tomato plants was transmitted successfully by B. tabaci. The present study establishes the etiology of yellow vein mosaic disease of C. bonplandianum and provides molecular evidence that a weed-infecting monopartite begomovirus causes leaf curl in tomato.
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Akhter MS, Holkar SK, Akanda AM, Mandal B, Jain RK. First Report of Groundnut bud necrosis virus in Tomato in Bangladesh. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:917. [PMID: 30727397 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0199-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An unusual disease of tomato characterized by leaf mottling and necrotic streaks on veins, shortened internodes, necrosis of terminal buds, and concentric rings on fruits was observed during 2010 to 2011 surveys in tomato growing regions of Godagari Upzila, Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Disease incidence in popularly grown F1 hybrid cultivars, which include Sobal, Abhiruchi, Salamat, Bangobir, and BARI hybrid tomato-5 and -6 in about 40 commercial fields, ranged from 40 to 90%. Extracts from the field samples (n = 10) reacted with polyclonal antiserum to Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) in direct antigen coated ELISA, suggesting the association of a tospovirus antigenically related to serogroup IV topsovirus (1). To identify whether the tospovirus was a distinct virus species, ELISA-positive samples were subjected to total RNA extraction with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA) followed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with tospovirus-specific primers (5'-ATGGTTGAAAAGAGCAAGAATGATGC-3') and degenerate primer (5'-CTTCTTATGAAGTGTACTCACCATAAGTCATCC-3') derived from the conserved sequences of GBNV, Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), and Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) (2). The RT-PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced at Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi, India (GenBank Accession No. JQ692083). The sequences of cloned fragments were assembled. Analysis of the 477-bp region of the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene revealed that the tomato tospovirus shared maximum identity both at the nucleotide (96%) and amino acid (97%) levels with the corresponding region of GBNV. In contrast, only 78 to 81% and 85 to 87% identity at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, was observed with the corresponding region of the N genes of CaCV, WBNV, and Watermelon silver mottle virus. These results suggested the association of GBNV with the diseased tomato samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GBNV infecting tomato in Bangladesh and regular surveys are necessary to ascertain the prevalence and incidence of GBNV in other crops. References: (1) R. K. Jain et al. J. Virol. Methods 130:162, 2005. (2) M. Tsompana and J. W. Moyer. Tospovirus. Page 157 in: Encyclopedia of Virology. Academic Press, New York, 2009.
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Singh MK, Haq QMR, Mandal B, Varma A. Evidence of the Association of Radish leaf curl virus with Tobacco Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Bihar, India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 23:64-9. [PMID: 23730006 PMCID: PMC3550817 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new disease of tobacco with characteristic mild leaf curl and yellowing symptoms was observed in 2007 in commercial plantings in Pusa, Bihar, India. A begomovirus and a betasatellite were found associated with the disease. The associated begomovirus was identified as a strain of Radish leaf curl virus (RaLCV) based on nucleotide sequence of the viral genome (2,761 nucleotides; EU194914). The betasatellite (HQ180397) associated with TbYLCD was identified as a variant of Chilli leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB). Recombination events were detected both in the RaLCV and ChLCB sequences. This is the first report of yellow leaf curl disease of tobacco, and the association of RaLCV with a disease of tobacco.
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Phaneendra C, Rao KRSS, Jain RK, Mandal B. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is Associated With Pumpkin Leaf Curl: A New Disease in Northern India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 23:42-5. [PMID: 23730002 PMCID: PMC3550806 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-011-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
During 2006, pumpkin leaf curl-a new disease was observed in the experimental field at Indian Agricultural Research Institute. The disease was characterized by upward leaf curl with chlorotic patches and stunting of plant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with coat protein specific primers to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) indicated association of a begomovirus with the disease. The sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the complete DNA genome further revealed the identity of the virus as ToLCNDV. The study provides evidence that ToLCNDV is associated with the leaf curl of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in northern India.
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Mandal B, Jain RK, Krishnareddy M, Krishna Kumar NK, Ravi KS, Pappu HR. Emerging Problems of Tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae) and their Management in the Indian Subcontinent. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:468-479. [PMID: 30727451 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-11-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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75
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Anandkumar J, Mandal B. Single, binary and ternary metal adsorption using acid-treatedAegle marmelos Correashell: kinetic, mechanistic and thermodynamic study. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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76
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Swapna Geetanjali A, Kumar R, Srivastava PS, Mandal B. Biological and Molecular Characterization of Two Distinct Tomato Strains of Cucumber mosaic virus Based on Complete RNA-3 Genome and Subgroup Specific Diagnosis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011; 22:117-26. [PMID: 23637513 PMCID: PMC3550734 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-011-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral pathogen infecting several plant species in India. Five isolates of CMV obtained from cucumber, muskmelon, tobacco and tomato from distinct geographical locations in India were analysed based on host-reactions and genome sequence. The majority of the isolates were very similar and only two isolates, Tfr-In and Tss-In showed distinct symptoms in tomato and high sequence diversity (77.8%) in coat protein (CP) gene. Tfr-In was isolated from tomato fruit showing grey patches in Aurangabad and Tss-In from tomato plant showing shoe-string symptoms in New Delhi. The RNA-3 genomes of Tfr-In (2,214 nt; JF279606), shared only 70.3% nucleotide sequence identity with Tss-In (2,178 nt; JF279605. The complete RNA-3 genome of Tss-In and Tfr-In were compared with that of 65 CMV isolates reported from various plants of the world, which formed four distinct subclades-IA, -IB, -IC and -II. The Tfr-In isolate clustered with the CMV subgroup-IB and Tss-In with the subgroup-II. The comparison of the RNA-3 sequence of both the isolates revealed maximum heterogeneity in the intergenic region (IR). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection of CMV subgroup-I and -II was developed designing primers from flanking IR region. The specificity of the RT-PCR detection was confirmed using Tfr-In and Tss-In representing subgroup-I and -II and validated with field samples of tomato, cucurbits and chilli. This is the first report of complete RNA-3 of subgroup-IB CMV causing grey patches in tomato fruit and subgroup-II CMV causing shoe-string symptoms in tomato in India. The present and previous studies together showed that tomato in India was affected by multiple strains of CMV.
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Dasu VV, Sen S, Dutta K, Mandal B. Characterization of a Novel Surfactant and Organic Solvent Stable High-alkaline Protease from New Bacillus pseudofirmus SVB1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2011.769.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh MK, Singh K, Haq QMR, Mandal B, Varma A. Molecular characterization of Tobacco leaf curl Pusa virus, a new monopartite Begomovirus associated with tobacco leaf curl disease in India. Virus Genes 2011; 43:296-306. [PMID: 21667126 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leaf curl disease of tobacco (TbLCD) is endemic in India. A monopartite Begomovirus, a betasatellite and an alphasatellite were found associated with the disease in Pusa, Bihar. The DNA-A of the Begomovirus associated with TbLCD in Pusa, Bihar was found to comprise of 2707 nt with a typical Old World begomovirus-like genome organization. The full-length sequence of DNA-A [HQ180391] showed that the Pusa isolate is a newly described member of the genus Begomovirus, as it had <89% sequence homology with DNA-A of all the known begomoviruses. The isolate is tentatively named as Tobacco leaf curl Pusa virus [India:Pusa:2010]. The betasatellite (HQ180395) associated with TbLCD in Pusa was identified as a variant of Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite [IN:Raj:03], with which it shared 90.4% sequence identity. The alphasatellite (HQ180392) associated with the disease had highest 87% nucleotide sequence identity with Tomato leaf curl alphasatellite. The Begomovirus, betasatellite, and alphasatellite associated with TbLCD in Pusa, Bihar, India were found to be recombinants of extant begomoviruses, betasatellites and alphasatellites spreading in the Indian sub-continent and South-East Asia.
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Mandal B, Roy U, Datta D, Ghosh N. Combined cation-exchange and extraction chromatographic method of pre-concentration and concomitant separation of Cu(II) with high molecular mass liquid cation exchanger after its online detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5644-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Mandal B. Satry KS and Sai Gopal DVR (Eds) Compendium of Plant Viruses, Phytoplasma and Viroid Diseases Research in India (1903–2008). INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13337-011-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Anandkumar J, Mandal B. Adsorption of chromium(VI) and Rhodamine B by surface modified tannery waste: kinetic, mechanistic and thermodynamic studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1088-96. [PMID: 21168268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, various activation methods have been employed to examine the potential reuse of tannery residual biomass (TRB) obtained from vegetable tanning process for the removal of Cr(VI) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solution. The maximum BET surface area (10.42 m(2)/g), honey comb pore distribution and uptake of both Cr(VI) and RB were achieved when only 3-fold volume of HCl was used to activate the biomass. The pH and temperature experiment showed that they have considerable impact on the adsorption capacity of the used adsorbent. The presence of other ions (Na(+), Ca(2+) and NH(4)(+)) significantly reduces the metal uptake but marginal enhancement in the dye removal was observed when Na(+) and NH(4)(+) ions were present in the solution. The equilibrium data fitted satisfactorily with the Langmuir model and monolayer sorption capacity obtained as 177-217 and 213-250 mg/g for Cr(VI) and RB at 30-50°C, respectively. The sorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The increase in adsorption capacity for both metal and dye with increase in temperature indicates that the uptake was endothermic in nature. The results indicate that the HCl modified TRB (A-TRB) could be employed as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of both Cr(VI) and RB from the aqueous solution including industrial wastewater.
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Santra G, Das BK, Mandal B, Kundu SS, Bandopadhyay A. Rosai-Dorfman disease. Singapore Med J 2010; 51:e173-e175. [PMID: 21103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease, is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown aetiology. The classic presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease is massive, bilateral, painless cervical lymphadenopathy. Extranodal disease is also common, often with a particular predilection for the head and neck regions. We report a rare case of Rosai-Dorfman disease with nodal and multiple extranodal manifestations in a 13-year-old girl. The patient had cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, multiple soft tissue swellings of the scalp, bilateral proptosis and goitre due to thyroid gland involvement. She responded to steroids, with remission of the swellings and symptoms. This case is being reported for its rarity, multiple extranodal manifestations and thyroid gland involvement. Thyroid gland involvement in Rosai-Dorfman disease has rarely been reported in the literature.
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Mandal B, Jain RK. Can plant virus infect human being? INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 21:92-3. [PMID: 23637486 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-010-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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84
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Jain RK, Mandal B. Editor's Note. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 21:1. [PMID: 23637472 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-010-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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85
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Sohrab SS, Mandal B, Ali A, Varma A. Chlorotic curly stunt: a severe begomovirus disease of bottle gourd in northern India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 21:56-63. [PMID: 23637479 PMCID: PMC3550763 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-010-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) an important vegetable crop in India was observed to be affected by a chlorotic curly stunt disease (CCSD) during 2003-2006 in the vegetable growing areas of Delhi and adjoining state of Haryana. The affected plants are severely stunted and bear very small chlorotic and mildly curled leaves. Incidence of the disease varied from 4.7 to 36%. The disease could be easily transmitted by whitefly, Bemisia tabaci but not by sap. The causal virus was found to be a Begomovirus on the basis of whitefly transmission and sequence identity of putative coat protein (CP) and replication initiator protein (Rep) genes. The virus was transmitted to Cucumis sativus, Luffa acutangula, L. cylndrica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum and Praecitrullus fistulosus but not to Citrullus lunatus, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita moschata and Vigna unguiculata. The N-terminal 60 amino acids of CP of the virus had 100% sequence identity with all the isolates of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and two isolates of Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCV). The full length amino acid sequence of the CP and Rep genes had 100% similarity with ToLCNDV-Svr and -Luffa isolates. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus associated with CCSD of bottle gourd belongs to ToLCNDV cluster of the begomoviruses. This is the first record of emergence of a Begomovirus associated severe disease in bottle gourd in India.
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Mandal B. Advances in Small Isometric Multicomponent ssDNA Viruses Infecting Plants. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 21:18-30. [PMID: 23637475 PMCID: PMC3550773 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-010-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent ssDNA plant viruses were discovered during 1990s. They are associated with bunchy top, yellowing and dwarfing diseases of several economic plants under family Musaceae, Leguminosae and Zingiberaceae. In the current plant virus taxonomy, these viruses are classified under the family Nanoviridae containing two genera, Nanovirus and Babuvirus. The family Nanoviridae was created with five members in 2005 and by 2010, it has expanded with four additional members. The viruses are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, Europe and Africa. The viruses are not sap or seed transmissible and are naturally transmitted by aphid vector in a persistent manner. The genome is consisted of several circular ssDNAs of about 1 kb each. Up to 12 DNA components have been isolated from the diseased plant. The major viral proteins encoded by these components are replication initiator protein (Rep), coat protein, cell-cycle link protein, movement protein and a nuclear shuttle protein. Each ssDNA contains a single gene and a noncoding region with a stable stem and loop structure. Several Rep encoding components have been reported from each virus, only one of them designated as master Rep has ability to control replication of the other genomic components. Infectivity of the genomic DNAs was demonstrated only for two nanoviruses, Faba bean necrotic yellows virus and Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV). A group of eight ssDNA components of FBNSV were necessary for producing disease and biologically active progeny viruses. So far, infectivity of genomic components of Babuvirus has not been demonstrated.
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Mandal B, Alexander KS, Riga AT. Evaluation of the drug-polymer interaction in calcium alginate beads containing diflunisal. DIE PHARMAZIE 2010; 65:106-109. [PMID: 20225653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium alginate gel beads have been developed in recent years as a unique vehicle for oral drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, simple method of preparation, abundant sources, low cost and minimal processing requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drug-polymer interaction in calcium alginate beads containing diflunisal. Diflunisal loaded calcium alginate beads were successfully prepared by ionotropic gelation from solution of sodium alginate and diflunisal into calcium chloride solution. The weight ratio of drug to polymer was selected as 1:1. The calcium alginate beads were characterized by size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), weight uniformity and drug entrapment efficiency. The existence of a possible interaction between diflunisal and the calcium alginate was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. Drug loaded beads were spherical to oval in shape with low drug entrapment efficiency. The drug was found to be present inside the beads as crystalline to semicrystalline form with no significant physical or chemical interaction between drug and excipients. The results implied that calcium alginate beads can be used as a suitable controlled release carrier for diflunisal.
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Sen S, Venkata Dasu V, Mandal B. Medium development for enhanced production of alkaline protease from a newly isolated Bacillus pseudofirmus SVB1. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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89
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Anandkumar J, Mandal B. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos correa) shell as an adsorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 168:633-640. [PMID: 19339109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new activated carbon prepared from non-usable Bael fruit shell (BS) has been used as an efficient low cost adsorbent to remove the Cr(VI) toxic metal from aqueous phase. Batch mode experiments have been performed as a function of initial pH of solution, agitation time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage. Maximum chromium removal was found at pH 2.0 in an equilibrium time of 240 min by adsorption-coupled reduction. The sorption data fitted satisfactorily with Langmuir as well as Freundlich adsorption model. Evaluation using Langmuir equation gave the monolayer sorption capacity as 17.27 mg/g. Chromium uptake (adsorption-coupled reduction) by Bael fruit shell activated carbon (BSAC) was best described by pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The progressive changes on surface texture and the confirmation of chromium binding on adsorbent surface at different stages were obtained by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis. Phosphoric acid activation played a significant role to develop the well defined pores on adsorbent surface. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the BSAC is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous system.
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90
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Mandal B, Halder KK, Dey SK, Bhoumik M, Debnath MC, Ghosh LK. Development and physical characterization of chloramphenicol loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for prolonged release. DIE PHARMAZIE 2009; 64:445-449. [PMID: 19694181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to prepare a biodegradable nanoparticulate system of chloramphenicol (CHL) and to evaluate its ability to prolong in vitro release of CHL compared to free drug suspension (FDS). CHL-loaded polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (CHL-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by an emulsion/solvent evaporation method using ethyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol. CHL-PLGA-NPs were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, infrared spectra, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro release kinetics measurement. Sonication was done with an ultrasound pulse sonicator at 70 W, 30 kHz for 60 s to produce stable NPs of mean size range from 277 nm to 433 nm. Drug to polymer ratio (D:P) was selected as formulation variable and significantly influenced entrapment efficiency (approximately 30% to 66%) and release (p < 0.05). Entrapment of CHL in biodegradable NPs significantly prolonged drug release compared to FDS and thus implies potential antibiotic delivery system for ocular application.
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Rahaman M, Mandal B, Ghosh P. Nitration of nitrobenzene at high-concentrations of sulfuric acid: Mass transfer and kinetic aspects. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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92
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Chowdhury P, Pandit SK, Mandal B. Preparation and characterization of silanized silica gel-supported poly(acrylic acid) network polymer and study of its analytical application as selective extractor for lead ion. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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93
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Mandal B, Csinos AS, Martinez-Ochoa N, Pappu HR. A rapid and efficient inoculation method for Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. J Virol Methods 2008; 149:195-8. [PMID: 18272238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 12/08/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method of inoculation for Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) was achieved by applying the inoculum with a device consisting of a spray gun, an atomizer and a CO2-powered sprayer. The inoculum contained infected leaf sap prepared in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0.2% sodium sulfite and 0.01 M 2-mercaptoethanol (1g: 10 ml) and 1% each of Celite 545 and Carborundum 320 grit. The spray application of chilled inoculum at the rate of 1.1 ml/plant and at an air pressure of 4.1 bar resulted in systemic infection nearly to a 100% of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants inoculated. The inoculation procedure was successfully applied to two other important host species of TSWV, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), where 75.0-100% and 72.2-91.6% plants developed systemic infection, respectively. The approach facilitated a much faster inoculation of test plants with TSWV as it was estimated to be about 50 times quicker (depending on the plant species) than the hand inoculation. The procedure is suitable for rapid and simultaneous inoculation of a large number of test plants with TSWV and should facilitate screening of germplasm and breeding lines for virus resistance.
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Mandal B, Mandal S, Csinos AS, Martinez N, Culbreath AK, Pappu HR. Biological and molecular analyses of the acibenzolar-S-methyl-induced systemic acquired resistance in flue-cured tobacco against Tomato spotted wilt virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 98:196-204. [PMID: 18943196 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-2-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of flue-cured tobacco. Activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in flue-cured tobacco was studied under greenhouse conditions by challenge inoculation with a severe isolate of TSWV. ASM restricted virus replication and movement, and as a result reduced systemic infection. Activation of resistance was observed within 2 days after treatment with ASM and a high level of resistance was observed at 5 days onward. Expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein gene, PR-3, and different classes of PR proteins such as PR-1, PR-3, and PR-5 were detected at 2 days post-ASM treatment which inversely correlated with the reduction in the number of local lesions caused by TSWV. Tobacco plants treated with increased quantities of ASM (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g a.i./7,000 plants) showed increased levels of SAR as indicated by the reduction of both local and systemic infections by TSWV. The highest level of resistance was at 4 g a.i., but this rate of ASM also caused phytotoxicity resulting in temporary foliar spotting and stunting of plants. An inverse correlation between the TSWV reduction and phytotoxicity was observed with the increase of ASM concentration. ASM at the rate of 1 to 2 g a.i./7,000 plants activated a high level of resistance and minimized the phytotoxicity. Use of gibberellic acid in combination with ASM reduced the stunting caused by ASM. Present findings together with previous field experiments demonstrate that ASM is a potential option for management of TSWV in flue-cured tobacco.
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Yaddanapudi S, Grover VK, Mandal B, Rao KL. Addition of fentanyl to caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing genito-urinary surgery and herniotomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00115550-200709001-00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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96
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Mandal B, Pappu HR, Csinos AS, Culbreath AK. Response of Peanut, Pepper, Tobacco, and Tomato Cultivars to Two Biologically Distinct Isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:1150-1155. [PMID: 30781094 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spotted wilt disease, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), is an economically important disease in peanut, pepper, tobacco, and tomato in the southeastern United States. However, very little is known about the biological variability existent in the virus population. Fourteen isolates of TSWV collected in Georgia were evaluated for symptom severity. The majority of the isolates produced severe systemic necrosis. One mild (GATb-1) and one severe (GAL) isolate were further examined because of the distinct differences in their virulence and symptomatology on tobacco. GATb-1 caused a few chlorotic spots and mild systemic symptoms, whereas GAL produced a large number of local lesions and severe systemic necrosis. Distinct differences in the response of selected commercial cultivars of peanut, tobacco, and tomato to GATb-1 and GAL infection were observed. GAL was lethal to a widely grown tobacco cultivar, K326. Georgia Green, a field resistant peanut cultivar, and C11-2-39, a breeding line with the highest level of known resistance to TSWV, were more susceptible to GAL than to GATb-1. BHN 444, a newly released TSWV-resistant tomato cultivar, showed a resistant reaction, whereas Stiletto, a newly released TSWV-resistant pepper cultivar, was susceptible to both GATb-1 and GAL isolates. Information on the biological diversity of TSWV may be useful in developing more durable TSWV-resistant crops.
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Mandal B, Bhushan V, Khan D. Successful Treatment Using Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a Patient with Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphopenia (ICL) and Mycobacterium avium (M.avium). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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98
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Jain RK, Pandey AN, Krishnareddy M, Mandal B. Immunodiagnosis of groundnut and watermelon bud necrosis viruses using polyclonal antiserum to recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Groundnut bud necrosis virus. J Virol Methods 2005; 130:162-4. [PMID: 16095728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro gene expression strategy was used for the production of polyclonal antiserum to the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV). The GBNV NP gene from cowpea isolate was cloned into 6x His-tagged UA cloning vector and expressed in Escherichia coli [M15] cells. The fusion protein was detected in insoluble fraction and was purified by using Ni-NTA agarose resin. The purified 6x His-fusion protein ( approximately 32 kDa) was used for immunisation to produce a high titre polyclonal antiserum. The antiserum to the NP of GBNV at 1:4000 dilution detected successfully natural infection of GBNV and Watermelon bud necrosis virus in a wide range of cucurbitaceous, leguminous and solanaceous hosts from different locations.
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Mandal B, Mandal S, Pun KB, Varma A. First Report of the Association of a Nanovirus with Foorkey Disease of Large Cardamom in India. PLANT DISEASE 2004; 88:428. [PMID: 30812638 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is affected by the serious disease 'foorkey', which is of unknown etiology (1). Excessive sprouting and formation of bushy dwarf clumps at the base of mother plants that gradually die, characterize the disease. In surveys in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Hill area during 2002 and 2003, as much as 27% of plants were found to be affected. Electron microscopy of negatively stained, partially purified preparations from field-infected large cardamom plants showed the presence of isometric particles measuring 17 to 20 nm. The causal agent was successfully transmitted by the aphid Micromyzus kalimpongensis Basu, in a persistent manner. Ten randomly selected field samples gave A405 0.1 to 0.23 compared with 0.57 with positive control with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antiserum to an Indian isolate of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). A fragment of approximately 850 bp was amplified from the diseased plants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers 5'-ATGGCGCGATATGTGGTATGC-3' and 5'-TCAGCAAGAAAACCAACTTTATTC-3', designed to amplify the putative Rep gene based on the sequences of DNA1 of BBTV. The PCR product was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AY 485960) and showed 80 to 82% identity with the corresponding region of DNA1 of BBTV and 47.6 to 48.5% with other recognized nanoviruses. These findings indicate that a nanovirus is associated with 'foorkey' disease of large cardamom, which is tentatively named as Cardamom bushy dwarf virus. Reference: (1) P. M. Varma and S. P. Capoor. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 34:56, 1964.
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