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Motzer RJ, Johnson T, Choueiri TK, Deen KC, Xue Z, Pandite LN, Carpenter C, Xu CF. Hyperbilirubinemia in pazopanib- or sunitinib-treated patients in COMPARZ is associated with UGT1A1 polymorphisms. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2927-8. [PMID: 24107802 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Xiang L, Ahmad M, Carpenter C, Pratx G, Nikoozadeh A, Khuri-Yakub B, Xing L. TH-A-141-02: X-Ray Acoustic Computed Tomography: Concept and Design. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sandhu S, Wilding G, Schelman W, Omlin A, Kreischer N, Carpenter C, Iannone R, Kaye S, de-Bono J, Wenham R. 352 Final Results of the First in Man Trial of MK4827, a Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor with Antitumor Activity in BRCA Carriers and Sporadic Cancer Patients. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Carpenter C, Liu H, Sun C, Pratx G, Chang Z, Xing L. FDG-Cerenkov Imaging: A Molecular Approach to Real-time Treatment Guidance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tonry JH, Popov SG, Narayanan A, Kashanchi F, Hakami RM, Carpenter C, Bailey C, Chung MC. In vivo murine and in vitro M-like cell models of gastrointestinal anthrax. Microbes Infect 2012; 15:37-44. [PMID: 23108317 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and is acquired by three routes of infection: inhalational, gastrointestinal and cutaneous. Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax is rare, but can rapidly result in severe, systemic disease that is fatal in 25%-60% of cases. Disease mechanisms of GI anthrax remain unclear due to limited numbers of clinical cases and the lack of experimental animal models. Here, we developed an in vivo murine model of GI anthrax where spore survival was maximized through the neutralization of stomach acid followed by an intragastric administration of a thiabendazole paste spore formulation. Infected mice showed a dose-dependent mortality rate and pathological features closely mimicking human GI anthrax. Since Peyer's patches in the murine intestine are the primary sites of B. anthracis growth, we developed a human M (microfold)-like-cell model using a Caco-2/Raji B-cell co-culturing system to study invasive mechanisms of GI anthrax across the intestinal epithelium. Translocation of B. anthracis spores was higher in M-like cells than Caco-2 monolayers, suggesting that M-like cells may serve as an initial entry site for spores. Here, we developed an in vivo murine model of GI anthrax and an in vitro M-like cell model that could be used to further our knowledge of GI anthrax pathogenesis.
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Serex T, Munley S, Carpenter C, Donner M, Hoke R, Buck R, Loveless S. P62—Hazard evaluation of 6-2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6-2 FTOH), 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctanol. Reprod Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Carpenter C, Sun C, Pratx G, Chen K, Senadheera L, Xing L. TU-A-BRA-04: Real-Time Metabolic Image-Guidance to Aid Intraoperative Radiation Therapy: Pilot Results in a Small-Animal Model. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Mueller C, Edmiston KH, Carpenter C, Gaffney E, Ryan C, Ward R, White S, Memeo L, Colarossi C, Petricoin EF, Liotta LA, Espina V. One-step preservation of phosphoproteins and tissue morphology at room temperature for diagnostic and research specimens. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23780. [PMID: 21858221 PMCID: PMC3157466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to measure phosphorylated cell signaling proteins in cancer tissue for the individualization of molecular targeted kinase inhibitor therapy. However, phosphoproteins fluctuate rapidly following tissue procurement. Snap-freezing preserves phosphoproteins, but is unavailable in most clinics and compromises diagnostic morphology. Formalin fixation preserves tissue histomorphology, but penetrates tissue slowly, and is unsuitable for stabilizing phosphoproteins. We originated and evaluated a novel one-step biomarker and histology preservative (BHP) chemistry that stabilizes signaling protein phosphorylation and retains formalin-like tissue histomorphology with equivalent immunohistochemistry in a single paraffin block. Results Total protein yield extracted from BHP-fixed, routine paraffin-embedded mouse liver was 100% compared to snap-frozen tissue. The abundance of 14 phosphorylated proteins was found to be stable over extended fixation times in BHP fixed paraffin embedded human colon mucosa. Compared to matched snap-frozen tissue, 8 phosphoproteins were equally preserved in mouse liver, while AMPKβ1 Ser108 was slightly elevated after BHP fixation. More than 25 tissues from mouse, cat and human specimens were evaluated for preservation of histomorphology. Selected tissues were evaluated in a multi-site, independent pathology review. Tissue fixed with BHP showed equivalent preservation of cytoplasmic and membrane cytomorphology, with significantly better nuclear chromatin preservation by BHP compared to formalin. Immunohistochemical staining of 13 non-phosphorylated proteins, including estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, Ki-67 and Her2, was equal to or stronger in BHP compared to formalin. BHP demonstrated significantly improved immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated proteins ERK Thr202/Tyr204, GSK3-α/β Ser21/Ser9, p38-MAPK Thr180/Tyr182, eIF4G Ser1108 and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Ser79. Conclusion In a single paraffin block BHP preserved the phosphorylation state of several signaling proteins at a level comparable to snap-freezing, while maintaining the full diagnostic immunohistochemical and histomorphologic detail of formalin fixation. This new tissue fixative has the potential to greatly facilitate personalized medicine, biobanking, and phospho-proteomic research.
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Weston D, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Miller C, Kingerley D, Carpenter C, Harris S, Weston N. Co-electrodeposition of inorganic fullerene (IF-WS2) nano-particles with cobalt from a gluconate bath with anionic and cationic surfactants. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pratx G, Carpenter C, Sun C, Xing L. WE-G-211-05: Advances in X-Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography: Towards In-Vivo Imaging of Radioluminescent Nanophosphors. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Kuang Y, Pratx G, Sun C, Carpenter C, Xing L. TU-A-301-08: X-Ray Stimulated Fluorescence for Breast Imaging. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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37
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Hindle L, Carpenter C. An exploration of the experiences and perceptions of people who have maintained weight loss. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24:342-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Wenham R, Wilding G, Baird R, Sun L, Toniatti C, Stroh M, Carpenter C, de-Bono J, Sandhu S, Schelman W. First in human trial of the poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitor MK-4827 in patients with advanced cancer with antitumor activity in BRCA-deficient and sporadic ovarian cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Sun C, Ravilisetty P, Carpenter C, Pratx G, Xing L. Folate Receptor Targeted Nanophosphors for Enhanced Tumor Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wenham R, Sandhu S, Wilding G, Sun L, Toniatti C, Stroh M, Carpenter C, de-Bono J, Baird R, Schelman W. 362 First in human trial of a poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor MK-4827 in advanced cancer patients (p) with antitumor activity in BRCA-deficient and sporadic ovarian cancers. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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41
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Sun C, Liu H, Pratx G, Carpenter C, Xing L, Cheng Z. MO-E-204C-08: Characterization of Cerenkov Optical Irradiation from Radioactive Probes in Phantoms and Living Subjects. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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42
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Pratx G, Carpenter C, Sun C, Xing L. MO-E-204C-05: X-Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography Via Selective X-Ray Excitation. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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43
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Carpenter C. TU-B-202-01: Revision of NRC's Safety Culture Policy Statement and Proposed 10 CFR Part 37, “Physical Security of Byproduct Material.”. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Barry DM, Carpenter C, Yager C, Golik B, Barry KJ, Shen H, Mikse O, Eggert LS, Schulz DJ, Garcia ML. Variation of the neurofilament medium KSP repeat sub-domain across mammalian species: implications for altering axonal structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:128-36. [PMID: 20008369 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.033787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of larger mammals resulted in a corresponding increase in peripheral nerve length. To ensure optimal nervous system functionality and survival, nerve conduction velocities were likely to have increased to maintain the rate of signal propagation. Increases of conduction velocities may have required alterations in one of the two predominant properties that affect the speed of neuronal transmission: myelination or axonal diameter. A plausible mechanism to explain faster conduction velocities was a concomitant increase in axonal diameter with evolving axonal length. The carboxy terminal tail domain of the neurofilament medium subunit is a determinant of axonal diameter in large caliber myelinated axons. Sequence analysis of mammalian orthologs indicates that the neurofilament medium carboxy terminal tail contains a variable lysine-serine-proline (KSP) repeat sub-domain flanked by two highly conserved sub-domains. The number of KSP repeats within this region of neurofilament medium varies among species. Interestingly, the number of repeats does not change within a species, suggesting that selective pressure conserved the number of repeats within a species. Mapping KSP repeat numbers onto consensus phylogenetic trees reveals independent KSP expansion events across several mammalian clades. Linear regression analyses identified three subsets of mammals, one of which shows a positive correlation in the number of repeats with head-body length. For this subset of mammals, we hypothesize that variations in the number of KSP repeats within neurofilament medium carboxy terminal tail may have contributed to an increase in axonal caliber, increasing nerve conduction velocity as larger mammals evolved.
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Mathesius CA, Barnett JF, Cressman RF, Ding J, Carpenter C, Ladics GS, Schmidt J, Layton RJ, Zhang JXQ, Appenzeller LM, Carlson G, Ballou S, Delaney B. Safety assessment of a modified acetolactate synthase protein (GM-HRA) used as a selectable marker in genetically modified soybeans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 55:309-20. [PMID: 19682528 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes have been isolated from numerous organisms including soybeans (Glycine max; GM-ALS) and catalyze the first common step in biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids. Expression of an ALS protein (GM-HRA) with two amino acid changes relative to native GM-ALS protein in genetically modified soybeans confers tolerance to herbicidal active ingredients and can be used as a selectable transformation marker. The safety assessment of the GM-HRA protein is discussed. Bioinformatics comparison of the amino acid sequence did not identify similarities to known allergenic or toxic proteins. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid degradation in simulated gastric fluid (<30s) and intestinal fluid (<1min). The enzymatic activity was completely inactivated at 50 degrees C for 15 min demonstrating heat lability. The protein expressed in planta is not glycosylated and genetically modified soybeans expressing the GM-HRA protein produced similar protein/allergen profiles as its non-transgenic parental isoline. No adverse effects were observed in mice following acute oral exposure at a dose of at least 436 mg/kg of body weight or in a 28-day repeated dose dietary toxicity study at doses up to 1247 mg/kg of body weight/day. The results demonstrate GM-HRA protein safety when used in agricultural biotechnology.
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Srinivasan S, Pogue BW, Carpenter C, Davis SC, Paulsen KD. TH-A-213A-01: Multi-Modality Image-Guided Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Optimization and Clinical Applications. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tolcher AW, Yap TA, Fearen I, Taylor A, Carpenter C, Brunetto AT, Beeram M, Papadopoulos K, Yan L, de Bono J. A phase I study of MK-2206, an oral potent allosteric Akt inhibitor (Akti), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumor (ST). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3503 Background: Akt facilitates cell proliferation/survival and is a suspected driver of progression in ST. MK-2206, a highly selective non-ATP competitive allosteric Akti, has nM IC50 and broad preclinical antitumor activity. Methods: Safety and tolerability of MK-2206 administered QOD in 28-day cycles (cy) was assessed. Doses evaluated: 30, 60, 90 mg, and 75 mg. Main eligibility criteria: ≥18 yo, evaluable advanced ST, ECOG ≤1, HbA1c ≤8% or fasting glucose ≤110% upper limit of normal. PK and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in whole blood by meso-scale ELISA were measured. Sequential tumor biopsies were performed in a subset of pts. Results: Dose escalation occurred in 19 pts (8 female/11 male; median age 57 yo; ECOG 0/1: 5/14) and 37 cy of therapy with no DLTs at 30 and 60 mg. CTCAE G3/4 skin rash and CTCAE G3 mucositis were observed at 90 mg in 4/7 pts. After further accrual at 60 mg confirmed safety at this dose, 75 mg was explored; however, 2/3 pts experienced DLT of rash. Dose escalation is complete; the MTD of MK-2206 is 60 mg QOD. Common drug-related AEs included skin (47.1%), gastrointestinal (41.2%), and general disorders (29.4%). AUC0–48hr and Cmax were dose proportional up to 60 mg. Median Tmax is 6 hrs and mean t1/2 ranged from 63 to 76 hr. MK-2206 concentrations exceeding a preliminary, statistically determined PK target of approximately 50–65 nM for significant pAkti in blood were maintained over the entire dosing interval in all patients in the 60 mg cohort. Evidence of PD activity included decreases in whole blood pAkt at all dose levels, reversible CTCAE G1/2 hyperglycemia and CTCAE G1 insulin c-peptide elevations. RECIST stable disease following 2 cycles of therapy was observed in 1 pt at 30 mg and 5 pts at 60 mg. Observed clinical activity included: central tumor necrosis, decreased ascites and peripheral edema, reduction in index lesions, normalization of LFTs, and decreased CA-125. Conclusions: MK-2206 is generally well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg QOD with plasma concentrations that portend activity in preclinical models. PK/PD data suggest a substantial and maintained target inhibition at 60 mg. [Table: see text]
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Carpenter C, Krall T, Tibrewala A. Validation of Six-item Screener for Dementia in Elder Emergency Department Patients. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rose W, Rybak M, Leonard S, Sakoulas G, Kaatz G, Zervos M, Sheth A, Carpenter C. P2064 Evaluation of daptomycin activity against Staphylococcus aureus following vancomycin exposure in an in vitro phar-macodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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McKenzie R, Walker RI, Nabors GS, Van De Verg LL, Carpenter C, Gomes G, Forbes E, Tian JH, Yang HH, Pace JL, Jackson WJ, Bourgeois AL. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, inactivated, whole-cell vaccine for Shigella sonnei: preclinical studies and a Phase I trial. Vaccine 2006; 24:3735-45. [PMID: 16095766 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orally delivered, inactivated whole-cell vaccines are safe methods of inducing local and systemic immunity. To increase surface proteins associated with adherence and invasion, Shigella sonnei were grown in BHI broth containing deoxycholate. A whole-cell vaccine (SsWC) was then produced by formalin inactivation. In pre-clinical studies, the SsWC vaccine was immunogenic and protected against S. sonnei-induced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig model. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase I study, 10 evaluable subjects received either three doses of SsWC on Days 0, 14, and 28 (N = 3); five doses of SsWC on Days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 28 (N = 4); or placebo (N = 3). Each dose contained 2.0 x 10(10) inactivated cells. Serum and fecal antibodies against SsWC, LPS, and IpaC were measured by ELISA. A > or = 4-fold increase in titer was considered significant. Both SsWC dosing regimens were well tolerated. No fever or severe gastrointestinal symptoms were noted by any of the vaccinated subjects. Antibody responses were similar in the two dosing groups. Serum IgG or IgA responses to SsWC were seen in six of seven vaccinees (86%), to LPS in four of seven (57%), and to IpaC in five of seven (61%). Fecal IgA responses to these three antigens developed in five of five, three of five, and three of five subjects, respectively. Among the seven vaccinees, geometric mean rises in serum IgA levels to all three immunogens were significant; IgG increases trended toward significance (paired one-tailed t-test). We conclude that SsWC was immunogenic and protective in animal studies and well tolerated and immunogenic in a Phase I trial.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dysentery, Bacillary/immunology
- Dysentery, Bacillary/prevention & control
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Feces/chemistry
- Fixatives
- Formaldehyde
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Keratoconjunctivitis/immunology
- Keratoconjunctivitis/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Placebos
- Shigella Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Shigella Vaccines/adverse effects
- Shigella Vaccines/immunology
- Shigella sonnei/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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