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Aranda C, Aguilar G, Suarez Z, Munoz S, Fusillo C, Kawabata A. P3.082 Incidence of Congenital Syphilis in Paraguay. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Alba A, Allepuz A, Napp S, Soler M, Selga I, Aranda C, Casal J, Pages N, Hayes EB, Busquets N. Ecological surveillance for West Nile in Catalonia (Spain), learning from a five-year period of follow-up. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:181-91. [PMID: 23590452 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To enhance early detection of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, an integrated ecological surveillance system was implemented in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain) from 2007 to 2011. This system incorporated passive and active equine surveillance, periodical testing of chicken sentinels in wetland areas, serosurveillance wild birds and testing of adult mosquitoes. Samples from 298 equines, 100 sentinel chickens, 1086 wild birds and 39 599 mosquitoes were analysed. During these 5 years, no acute WNV infection was detected in humans or domestic animal populations in Catalonia. WNV was not detected in mosquitoes either. Nevertheless, several seroconversions in resident and migrant wild birds indicate that local WNV or other closely related flaviviruses transmission was occurring among bird populations. These data indicate that bird and mosquito surveillance can detect otherwise silent transmission of flaviviruses and give some insights regarding possible avian hosts and vectors in a European setting.
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Cardeñosa N, Kaptoul D, Fernández-Viladrich P, Aranda C, de Ory F, Niubó J, Plans P, Domínguez A, Fedele G, Tenorio A, Sánchez-Seco MP. Toscana Virus Infection In Catalonia (Spain). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:273-5. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bosio L, García Guraieb S, Luna L, Aranda C. Chacarita Project: Conformation and analysis of a modern and documented human osteological collection from Buenos Aires City – Theoretical, methodological and ethical aspects. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 63:481-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fabre B, Maccallini G, Oneto A, Gonzalez D, Hirschler V, Aranda C, Berg G. Measurement of fasting salivary insulin and its relationship with serum insulin in children. Endocr Connect 2012; 1:58-61. [PMID: 23781305 PMCID: PMC3681320 DOI: 10.1530/ec-12-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is a useful sample as a source of hormones for the diagnosis of different diseases, particularly in pediatric patients and aged individuals, because saliva offers a noninvasive and stress-free alternative to serum collection. The aim of this study was to validate a salivary insulin method and to check its clinical application in pediatric patients. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 130 boys and 147 girls aged 6-14 years. Salivary and serum insulin levels were measured with the chemiluminescent automated method Access (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Serum blood glucose levels were measured with the glucose oxidase method in an autoanalyzer. RESULTS The precision profile of the method was determined for six aliquots of different concentrations from pools of saliva, and the coefficients of variation (CV) were 2.4% for 1 μUI/ml, 4% for 0.5, 8.9% for 0.25, 19% for 0.12, 28% for 0.06, and 38% for 0.03 μUI/ml, being the functional sensibility (concentration corresponding to a 20% CV) 0.12 μUI/ml. Insulin recovery was 100.13%. Salivary insulin levels diminished 29.8% in samples stored during 7 days at 2-8 °C. Differences in insulin values were not observed when samples were stored at -20 °C during 7 days. The methods used to measure salivary and serum insulin correlated significantly (r=0.92, P<0.001). However, at levels of serum insulin >20 μUI/ml, this correlation declined (r=0.57, P=0.083). CONCLUSION The proposed method for salivary insulin measurement showed convenient analytical characteristics.
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Maccallini G, Aranda C, Molinari C, Colque G, Biancardi DG, Figueroa M, Urzagasti M, Guerra N, Oneto A, Hirschler V. High rates of dyslipidaemia among indigenous argentinean children living at high altitudes. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:1015. [PMID: 22994336 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Martins A, Aranda C, Malozzi M, Dantas E, Ensina L, Sole D. Anaphylaxis related to Laronidase: Case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vázquez A, Sánchez-Seco MP, Palacios G, Molero F, Reyes N, Ruiz S, Aranda C, Marqués E, Escosa R, Moreno J, Figuerola J, Tenorio A. Novel flaviviruses detected in different species of mosquitoes in Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 12:223-9. [PMID: 22022811 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characterization of three novel flaviviruses isolated in Spain. Marisma Mosquito virus, a novel mosquito borne virus, was isolated from Ochlerotatus caspius mosquitoes; Spanish Ochlerotatus flavivirus and Spanish Culex flavivirus, two novel insect flaviviruses, were isolated from Oc. caspius and Culex pipiens, respectively. During this investigation, we designed a sensitive RT-nested polymerase chain reaction method that amplifies a 1019bp fragment of the flavivirus NS5 gene and could be directly used in clinical or environmental samples for flavivirus characterization and surveillance. Analysis of the sequence generated from that amplicon contains enough phylogenetic information for proper taxonomic studies. Moreover, the use of this tool allowed the detection of additional flavivirus DNA forms in Culex, Culiseta, and Ochlerotatus mosquitoes.
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Rodriguez V, Teper A, Salvaggio O, Aranda C, Muntaabski P. 35 Neonatal screening program for cystic fibrosis in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. J Cyst Fibros 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(11)60056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vigny C, Socquet A, Peyrat S, Ruegg JC, Metois M, Madariaga R, Morvan S, Lancieri M, Lacassin R, Campos J, Carrizo D, Bejar-Pizarro M, Barrientos S, Armijo R, Aranda C, Valderas-Bermejo MC, Ortega I, Bondoux F, Baize S, Lyon-Caen H, Pavez A, Vilotte JP, Bevis M, Brooks B, Smalley R, Parra H, Baez JC, Blanco M, Cimbaro S, Kendrick E. The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Megathrust Earthquake of Central Chile, Monitored by GPS. Science 2011; 332:1417-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1204132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Vázquez A, Collao X, Hernández L, Aranda C, Ruiz S, Escosa R, Marqués E, Bustillo MA, Molero F, Tenorio A. Surveillance of arboviruses in Spanish wetlands: detection of new flavi- and phleboviruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:203-6. [PMID: 19485777 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of viruses in arthropods in Spain has been studied over 5 years. Flaviviruses similar to cell-fusing agent, sequences of a flavivirus related to those transmitted by mosquitoes, and a phlebovirus similar to Naples and Toscana viruses were detected. Their potential human or animal pathogenicity should be studied.
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Hirschler V, Molinari C, Beccaria M, Maccallini G, Aranda C. Comparison of various maternal anthropometric indices of obesity for identifying metabolic syndrome in offspring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2010; 12:297-305. [PMID: 20210569 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2009.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several maternal anthropometric markers have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS) in offspring. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the association between children's MS and maternal anthropometric markers such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), WC/height, weight/sitting height squared, and WC/sitting height and (2) to compare the abilities of these five indices to identify children with MS. METHODS Data were collected cross-sectionally from five elementary schools between April 2007 and March 2008. BMI, WC, WC/height, weight/sitting height squared, and WC/sitting height were acquired in mothers and their children. Tanner stage, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured in children. Criteria analogous to Adult Treatment Panel III for MS were used for children. RESULTS Of 624 children (307 boys) 8.96 +/- 1.86 years old, with their mothers being 36.25 +/- 7.14 years old, examined, 107 (17.1%) of children were obese (BMI >95th percentile per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention norms), and 95 (15.2%) were overweight (OW) (85th percentile < or =BMI < 95th percentile). Of the mothers, 109 (30.4%) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)), and 206 (33.0%) were OW (25 kg/m(2) < BMI < 30 kg/m(2)). Approximately 68% of the children were prepubertal. The prevalence of MS was 3.5% overall: 6.7% in OW and 13.9% in obese children. To determine which marker was a better predictor for MS, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was generated for the five maternal anthropometric measures, with children's MS as the dichotomous variable. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.697 +/- 0.07 for BMI, 0.698 +/- 0.07 for WC, 0.717 +/- 0.07 for WC/height, 0.725 +/- 0.07 for WC/sitting height, and 0.704 +/- 0.07 for weight/sitting height squared. There was no significant difference between the areas of the five maternal anthropometric markers as predictors of children's MS. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of maternal sitting height had no advantages over total height in the prediction of children's MS. All maternal anthropometric measures identified the MS in their children consistent with known familial associations of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Carrillo J, Aranda C, Barna R, Borel C. 243 SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH OBESITY AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE. Sleep Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-9457(09)70245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hirschler V, Maccallini G, Karam C, Gonzalez C, Aranda C. Are girls more insulin-resistant than boys? Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1051-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aranda C, Sánchez-Seco MP, Cáceres F, Escosa R, Gálvez JC, Masià M, Marqués E, Ruíz S, Alba A, Busquets N, Vázquez A, Castellà J, Tenorio A. Detection and Monitoring of Mosquito Flaviviruses in Spain between 2001 and 2005. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:171-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Busquets N, Alba A, Allepuz A, Aranda C, Nuñez JI. Usutu virus sequences in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:861-3. [PMID: 18439389 PMCID: PMC2600269 DOI: 10.3201/eid1405.071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gonzàlez A, Membrillo-Hernández J, Olivera H, Aranda C, Macino G, Ballario P. Cloning of a yeast gene coding for the glutamate synthase small subunit (GUS2) by complementation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandEscherichia coliglutamate auxotrophs. Mol Microbiol 2006; 6:301-308. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aranda C, Eritja R, Roiz D. First record and establishment of the mosquito Aedes albopictus in Spain. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2006; 20:150-2. [PMID: 16608499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The invasive mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) was detected for the first time in Spain, in Sant Cugat del Vallès, a city in the north-east of the country (41 degrees 28' N, 2 degrees 4' E, altitude 120 m), during August 2004. A male and one larva were collected in the backyard of a house and in a tree hole, respectively. Dense populations of adults and larvae were found in subsequent surveys, confirming the establishment of the species in the area. This is the first report of the establishment of this species in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Aranda C, Sotelo M, Torres A, Zárate M. [Phyllodes tumor and pregnancy. A report of a case]. GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA DE MEXICO 2005; 73:387-92. [PMID: 16304962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodes tumor is a rare breast fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast, predominant in females (0.3 to 0.5%). Few cases have been described in males. Phyllodes tumor during pregnancy grows fast and its size is relatively big. These tumors can be classified as benign, malignant or neighboring. A 32-year-old patient at 23.4 week of gestation was admitted in the National Institute of Perinatology with a rapidly growing mass in the right breast; diagnosis confirmed by ultrasound study reporting echoic images on right breast, 10 x 10 cm the greatest and 3x3 cm the smallest. A simple mastectomy was performed at the 26.6 week of gestation on the right breast. A possible phyllodes tumour in the right breast was observed during surgery, weight 9.6 pounds, with partial infiltration to major pectoral muscle. Pathology reported a benign phyllodes tumor in the right breast, with surgical borders free of tumor. Phyllodes tumor is rare and can occur during pregnancy. It is unknown if the tumor is hormone-dependent. The growth of a tumor on a subsequent pregnancy is not necessarily associated with recurrency or with a new disorder on the patient, who has had a complete excision.
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Sarto i Monteys V, Ventura D, Pagès N, Aranda C, Escosa R. Expansion of Culicoides imicola
, the main bluetongue virus vector in Europe, into Catalonia, Spain. Vet Rec 2005; 156:415-7. [PMID: 15816196 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.13.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Aranda C, Aponte JJ, Saute F, Casimiro S, Pinto J, Sousa C, Rosario VD, Petrarca V, Dgedge M, Alonso P. Entomological characteristics of malaria transmission in Manhiça, a rural area in southern Mozambique. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2005; 42:180-186. [PMID: 15799528 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/42.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From October 1997 to September 1998, an entomological survey was carried out in Manhiça, Mozambique, to describe the anopheline population and intensity of malaria transmission. Ten different huts were randomly selected for entomological surveillance throughout the year. CDC light trap collections were conducted during three nights each month. Additional knockdown spraying catches were carried out in the morning, after the last catch. A total of 17,245 Culicinae and 1,251 Anophelinae were collected during the study. There was substantial house to house variation and seasonality in the distribution of Anophelinae population, with a peak in April towards the end of the warm and rainy season. Four species of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) were described: Anopheles funestus Giles, Anopheles tenebrosus Dönitz, Anopheles arabiensis Patton, and Anopheles merus Dönitz. An. funestus constitutes 72.3% of the anopheline population. The estimated sporozoite rate was 1.2% and the average entomological inoculation rate for the area was 15 infective bites per person per year.
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Sarto i Monteys V, Aranda C, Escosa R, Pagès N, Prato F, Ventura D. Results of current surveillance of likely bluetongue virus vectors of the genus Culicoides in Catalonia, Spain. VETERINARIA ITALIANA 2004; 40:130-132. [PMID: 20419649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Following the outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep on the Balearic islands in 2000, a survey was conducted for Culicoides vectors along the eastern Catalonian cost of continental Spain where the presence of only C. obsoletus (Meigen) and C. pulicaris (Linnaeus) was known. Light-trap collections made at eight sites in 2002 yielded nine species of Culicoides, including C. imicola Kieffer (represented by a gravid female caught at Dosrius at a latitude of 41 degrees 35'N) and C. scoticus Downs and Kettle. The following season (2003), C. imicola was captured consistently at all sites and in greater numbers (maximum catch of 46) from August to November. The findings suggest that the distribution of C. imicola is extending northwards into Europe. The presence of four bluetongue vectors (C. imicola, C. obsoletus, C. pulicaris and C. scoticus) in Catalonia is of concern.
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Godoy FA, Bunster M, Matus V, Aranda C, González B, Martínez MA. Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates consumption during degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by Sphingopyxis chilensis S37. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:315-20. [PMID: 12680945 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the possible effect of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) consumption on 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) degradation during starvation by Sphingopyxis chilensis S37 strain, which stores PHAs and degrades 2,4,6-TCP. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain was inoculated in saline solution supplemented with 2,4,6-TCP (25-400 microm). Chlorophenol degradation was followed both spectrophotometrically and by chlorine released; viable bacterial counts were also determined. Cells starved for 24, 48 or 72 h were incubated with 25 microm of 2,4,6-TCP and PHA in cells investigated by spectrofluorimetric and flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that starvation decreased the ability to degrade 2,4,6-TCP. After 72 h of starvation, degradation of 2,4,6-TCP decreased to less than 10% and the relative PHA content diminished to ca 50% during the first 24 h. CONCLUSION Utilization of PHA may be an important factor for the degradation of toxic compounds, such as 2,4,6-TCP, in bacterial strains unable to use this toxic compound as carbon and energy source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study describing a relationship between intracellular PHA consumption and 2,4,6-TCP degradation. Therefore, PHAs provides an endogenous carbon and energy source under starvation and can play a significant role in the degradation of toxic compounds.
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Garland SM, Sellors JW, Wikstrom A, Petersen CS, Aranda C, Aractingi S, Maw RD. Imiquimod 5% cream is a safe and effective self-applied treatment for anogenital warts--results of an open-label, multicentre Phase IIIB trial. Int J STD AIDS 2001; 12:722-9. [PMID: 11589811 DOI: 10.1258/0956462011924218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of external genital/perianal warts in an open-label Phase IIIB trial. Patients applied imiquimod 5% cream 3 times per week, for up to 16 weeks. Those who cleared their warts were monitored during a 6-month follow-up period. If their warts recurred, or new warts developed during this time, patients could be re-treated for up to 16 additional weeks. Patients who experienced partial clearance during the initial treatment period entered an extended treatment period of up to an additional 16 weeks. A total of 943 patients from 114 clinic sites in 20 countries participated in this study. Complete clinical clearance was observed in 451/943 (47.8%) patients (intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis) during the initial treatment period, with clearance in an additional 52 (5.5%) patients during the extended treatment period beyond 16 weeks. The overall clearance rate for the combined treatment periods was 53.3%. In a treatment failure analysis, the overall clearance rate was 65.5%; a greater proportion of female patients (75.5%) experienced complete clearance than male patients (56.9%). Low recurrence rates, of 8.8% and 23.0%, were observed at the end of the 3- and 6-month follow-up periods, respectively. The sustained clearance rates (patients who cleared during treatment and remained clear at the end of the follow-up period) after 3 and 6 months were 41.6% and 33.0% (ITT analysis), respectively. Local erythema occurred in 67% of patients. In the majority of patients local skin reactions were of mild to moderate severity. In conclusion, imiquimod 5% cream is an effective self-applied treatment for external genital/perianal warts when applied for up to 16 weeks and is well tolerated for up to 32 weeks.
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Valenzuela L, Aranda C, González A. TOR modulates GCN4-dependent expression of genes turned on by nitrogen limitation. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:2331-4. [PMID: 11244074 PMCID: PMC95141 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.7.2331-2334.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the rapamycin-sensitive TOR signaling pathway plays an essential role in up-regulating translation initiation and cell cycle progression in response to nutrient availability. One of the mechanisms by which TOR regulates cell proliferation is by excluding the GLN3 transcriptional activator from the nucleus and, in consequence, preventing its transcriptional activation therein. We examined the possibility that the TOR cascade could also control the transcriptional activity of Gcn4p, which is known to respond to amino acid availability. The results presented in this paper indicate that GCN4 plays a role in the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway, regulating the expression of genes involved in the utilization of poor nitrogen sources, a previously unrecognized role for Gcn4p, and that the TOR pathway controls GCN4 activity by regulating the translation of GCN4 mRNA. This constitutes an additional TOR-dependent mechanism which modulates the action of transcriptional activators.
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