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Vetander M, Ly DH, Håkansson N, Lilja G, Nilsson C, Östblom E, Wickman M, Bergström A. Recurrent reactions to food among children at paediatric emergency departments: epidemiology of allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:113-20. [PMID: 24118652 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about repeated food reactions in paediatric emergency departments (ED) is sparse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors for repeated ED visits for food-allergic reactions among children with a prior ED visit due to reactions to food. METHODS A total of 358 children with ED visits at paediatric hospitals in Stockholm due to reactions to foods during 2007 (index-reaction) were investigated in relation to recurrent reactions until 30 June 2010. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to compute relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 80 children had 116 ED revisits over a period of 873 patient-years, yielding an incidence rate of 9 per 100 patient-years. Known food allergy before the index ED visit in 2007 increased the risk for ED revisits (RR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.35-3.94). Likewise, prescription of adrenaline auto-injector before the index-reaction increased the risk (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.49). Twenty-one percent of the children had more severe reactions at the revisit, 38% less severe and 41% had reactions of comparable severity. However, among 44% of the children with comparable or less severe reaction at revisit, early treatment with adrenaline hampered the classification of change in severity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Previously known food allergy and prior prescription of adrenaline are significant risk factors for ED revisits among children with a prior ED visit due to reactions to food. Our results indicate that the severity of the index-reaction cannot be used to predict the severity of the relapse.
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Muraro A, Werfel T, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Roberts G, Beyer K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Cardona V, Dubois A, duToit G, Eigenmann P, Fernandez Rivas M, Halken S, Hickstein L, Høst A, Knol E, Lack G, Marchisotto MJ, Niggemann B, Nwaru BI, Papadopoulos NG, Poulsen LK, Santos AF, Skypala I, Schoepfer A, Van Ree R, Venter C, Worm M, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Panesar S, de Silva D, Soares-Weiser K, Sheikh A, Ballmer-Weber BK, Nilsson C, de Jong NW, Akdis CA. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy 2014; 69:1008-25. [PMID: 24909706 DOI: 10.1111/all.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impact negatively on quality of life, and prove costly in terms of medical care. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group, building on previous EAACI position papers on adverse reaction to foods and three recent systematic reviews on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of food allergy, and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. While the primary audience is allergists, this document is relevant for all other healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians, and pediatric and adult specialists, dieticians, pharmacists and paramedics. Our current understanding of the manifestations of food allergy, the role of diagnostic tests, and the effective management of patients of all ages with food allergy is presented. The acute management of non-life-threatening reactions is covered in these guidelines, but for guidance on the emergency management of anaphylaxis, readers are referred to the related EAACI Anaphylaxis Guidelines.
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Højgaard P, Glintborg B, Hetland M, Hansen T, Nilsson C, Lage-Hansen P, Petersen M, Holland-Fisher M, Loft A, Andersen B, Adelsten T, Jensen J, Omerovic E, Christensen R, Tarp U, Østgaard R, Dreyer L. SAT0409 Association between Tobacco Smoking and Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitor Treatment in Psoriatic Arthritis: Results from the Danbio Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mänty M, Møller A, Nilsson C, Lund R, Christensen U, Avlund K. Association of physical workload and leisure time physical activity with incident mobility limitations: a follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:543-8. [PMID: 24879373 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine individual as well as joint associations of physical workload and leisure time physical activity with incident mobility limitations in initially well-functioning middle-aged workers. METHODS This study is based on 6-year follow-up data of the Danish Longitudinal Study on Work, Unemployment and Health. Physical workload was reported at baseline and categorised as light, moderate or heavy. Baseline leisure time physical activity level was categorised as sedentary or active following the current recommendations on physical activity. Incidence of mobility limitations in climbing stairs and running among initially well-functioning workers (n=3202 and n=2821, respectively) was assessed during follow-up. RESULTS Higher workload increased whereas active leisure time decreased the risk of developing mobility limitations. The incidence of limitations increased progressively with higher workload regardless of level of leisure time physical activity, although the risks tended to be higher among those with sedentary leisure time compared with their active counterparts. All in all, the risk for onset of mobility limitations was highest among those with heavy workload combined with sedentary leisure time and lowest among those with light workload combined with active leisure time. CONCLUSIONS Although leisure time physical activity prevents development of mobility decline, high workload seems to accelerate the progression of mobility limitations among both those with active and sedentary leisure time. Therefore, efforts should be made to recommend people to engage in physical activity regardless of their physical workload.
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Denison H, Nilsson C, Löfgren L, Himmelmann A, Mårtensson G, Knutsson M, Al-Shurbaji A, Tornqvist H, Eriksson JW. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibition with AZD7687 alters lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut with intolerable side effects: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:334-43. [PMID: 24118885 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a potential treatment modality for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, based on preclinical data suggesting it is associated with insulin sensitization and weight loss. This randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study in 62 overweight or obese men explored the effects and tolerability of AZD7687, a reversible and selective DGAT1 inhibitor. METHODS Multiple doses of AZD7687 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/day, n = 6 or n = 12 for each) or placebo (n = 20) were administered for 1 week. Postprandial serum triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured for 8 h after a standardized 45% fat meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were measured and a paracetamol challenge was performed to assess gastric emptying. RESULTS Dose-dependent reductions in postprandial serum TAG were demonstrated with AZD7687 doses ≥5 mg compared with placebo (p < 0.01). Significant (p < 0.001) increases in plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels were seen at these doses, but no clear effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated at the end of treatment. With AZD7687 doses >5 mg/day, gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased; 11/18 of these participants discontinued treatment owing to diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS Altered lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut were demonstrated during 1-week treatment with the DGAT1 inhibitor AZD7687. However, the apparent lack of therapeutic window owing to GI side effects of AZD7687, particularly diarrhoea, makes the utility of DGAT1 inhibition as a novel treatment for diabetes and obesity questionable.
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Hansen ÅM, Darsø L, Manty M, Nilsson C, Christensen U, Lund R, Holtermann A, Avlund K. Psychosocial factors at work and the development of mobility limitations among adults in Denmark. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:417-24. [PMID: 24637677 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814527526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Psychosocial factors in the working environment have been shown to be associated with mobility limitations, but this has not yet been confirmed in a Danish population. We aimed to examine how psychosocial factors at work are related to developing mobility limitations in Denmark. METHODS This study is based on data from 2952 middle-aged men and women without mobility limitations in 2000. RESULTS We found increased risk of incident mobility limitations during 6-year follow up among men who often perceived high work pace (OR 5.45, 95% CI 1.21-24.52) vs. never, who only sometimes or/never perceived the work to be meaningful (OR 6.54, 95% CI 1.55-27.55) vs. always, and who sometimes perceived high emotional demands at work (OR 7.85, 95% CI 1.78-34.65) vs. never. Among women, lower risk of incident mobility limitations was observed among those who in 2000 perceived high work pace sometimes (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.87) or often (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.85) vs. never in 2000. Also, women who always or often experienced high emotional demands had an increased risk. CONCLUSIONS The most important finding was that high work pace was strongly associated with increased risk of mobility limitations among men, but associated with lower risk of mobility limitations among women. This knowledge may be used to better target interventions among men and women in midlife from physical deterioration later in life.
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Santillo AF, Nilsson C, Englund E. von Economo neurones are selectively targeted in frontotemporal dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 39:572-9. [PMID: 23346995 PMCID: PMC3749467 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background von Economo neurones (VEN) are bipolar neurones located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the frontoinsular cortex (FI), areas affected early in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), in which VEN may constitute a selectively vulnerable cellular population. Aim A previous study has shown a selective loss of VEN in FTD above other neurones in the ACC of FTD. The aim of this study was to confirm this finding in a larger cohort, using a different methodology, and to examine VEN loss in relation to neuropathological severity and molecular pathology. Methods VEN and neighbouring neurones (NN) were quantified in layers Va and Vb of the right dorsal ACC in 21 cases of bvFTD, 10 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 non-demented controls (NDC). Results A marked VEN reduction was seen in all FTD cases. In the neuropathologically early cases of FTD (n = 13), VEN/10 000 NN was significantly reduced by 53% compared with NDC (P < 0.001) and 41% compared with AD (P = 0.019), whereas AD patients showed a non-significant 30% reduction of VEN/10 000 NN compared with NDC. VEN reduction was present in all protein pathology subgroups. Discussion In conclusion, this study confirms selective sensitivity of VEN in FTD and suggests that VEN loss is an early event in the neurodegenerative process.
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Kjaergaard M, Nilsson C, Rosendal A, Nielsen MO, Raun K. Maternal chocolate and sucrose soft drink intake induces hepatic steatosis in rat offspring associated with altered lipid gene expression profile. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:142-53. [PMID: 23782871 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM According to the World Diabetes Foundation, there is an urgent need to investigate the impact of maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy to understand the background for the accelerating incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we specifically concentrated on the role of overfeeding during different developmental periods. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were offered chow or high-fat/high-sucrose diet (chow plus chocolate and soft drink) during gestation and lactation. At birth, offspring were randomly cross-fostered within each dietary group into small and normal litter sizes until weaning, giving four dietary groups. RESULTS At postnatal day 1, offspring from high-fat/high-sucrose-fed dams were heavier and had increased hepatic triglycerides (TG), hepatic glycogen, blood glucose and plasma insulin compared with offspring from chow-fed dams. Hepatic genes involved in lipid oxidation, VLDL transport and insulin receptor were down-regulated, whereas FGF21 expression was up-regulated. Independent of postnatal litter size, offspring from high-fat/high-sucrose-fed dams aged 21 days had still increased hepatic TG and up-regulated FGF21 expression, while plasma insulin started to decrease. Litter size reduction in offspring from high-fat/high-sucrose-fed dams further increased body weight and adiposity, and up-regulated genes involved in hepatic mitochondrial lipid oxidation and VLDL transport compared with all other groups. Litter size reduction did not have any impact on body weight gain and adiposity in offspring born to chow-fed dams. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that supplementation of chocolate and soft drink during gestation and lactation contributes to early onset of hepatic steatosis associated with changes in hepatic gene expression and lipid handling.
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Johansson I, Lauss M, Holm K, Nilsson C, Fjällskog ML, Ringnér M, Hedenfalk I. Abstract P1-17-01: Whole genome methylation patterns in male and female breast cancer – Unexpected findings. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-17-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. Although it is similar to female breast cancer (FBC) in many ways, distinct differences in incidence, age distribution, levels of hormone receptors, prognosis and survival have been reported. In a recent gene expression profiling study of MBC we described two new subgroups (Luminal M1 and M2, respectively) that did not resemble any of the intrinsic subgroups reported in FBC, and as such may be specific to breast cancer in men. Luminal M1 tumors (70% of the MBC tumors) seemed to be more aggressive and were associated with worse prognosis and also appeared to have a less activated estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, while Luminal M2 tumors (30% of the MBC tumors) displayed an up-regulated immune response and a more activated ER pathway. This despite >90% of the MBCs being ER positive by immunohistochemistry. Due to the rarity of the disease, no large comprehensive trials for optimizing patient management have been conducted to date. Recommendations for management of MBC are therefore extrapolated from knowledge of FBC.
The aim of this study was to assess genome wide methylation profiles in primary human MBC and compare them with the transcriptionally derived subgroups, Luminal M1 and M2, as well as FBC. Epigenetic changes are known to be involved in tumorigenesis and methylation may influence the expression of cancer related genes and are potential druggable targets.
We used Illumina's 450K arrays to measure global methylation profiles in 47 MBC and 215 FBC tumors, representing all subgroups of male and female breast cancers.
Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the most variable probes among the MBC tumors revealed two stable subgroups. The methylation patterns differed significantly between the groups and were associated with the transcriptional subgroups Luminal M1 and M2. When the MBC and FBC tumors were analyzed together using the most variable probes, three stable clusters were identified. The Basal-like FBC tumors formed one cluster and the other two clusters were associated with Luminal A and B FBC tumors, respectively, while the HER2 FBCs were split between the Luminal A and B clusters. The majority of the Luminal M1 tumors clustered with the Luminal Bs while the Luminal M2 tumors clustered with the Luminal As. However, the majority of the MBC tumors were grouped together within the clusters rather than being interspersed with the FBC tumors, suggesting that they differed from the FBC tumors in the respective clusters. Interestingly, the Luminal M2 MBCs and Basal-like FBCs displayed a significantly higher frequency of hypomethylation compared to all other subgroups, despite Luminal M1 tumors being more similar to Basal-like tumors on a transcriptional level than the Luminal M2 tumors.
To summarize, we have described two subgroups of MBC based on genome wide methylation patterns, closely resembling the transcriptional subgroups, and associated with different tumor biological features of potential clinical relevance. These findings further suggest that MBC is not readily defined using conventional criteria applied to FBC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-17-01.
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Nilsson C, Renman G, Westholm LJ, Renman A, Drizo A. Effect of organic load on phosphorus and bacteria removal from wastewater using alkaline filter materials. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6289-6297. [PMID: 24001604 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter released from septic tanks can disturb the subsequent step in on-site wastewater treatment such as the innovative filters for phosphorus removal. This study investigated the effect of organic load on phosphorus (P) and bacteria removal by reactive filter materials under real-life treatment conditions. Two long-term column experiments were conducted at very short hydraulic residence times (average ~5.5 h), using wastewater with high (mean ~120 mg L(-1)) and low (mean ~20 mg L(-1)) BOD7 values. Two alkaline filter materials, the calcium-silicate material Polonite and blast furnace slag (BFS), were tested for the removal capacity of total P, total organic carbon (TOC) and Enterococci. Both experiments showed that Polonite removed P significantly (p < 0.01) better than BFS. An increase in P removal efficiency of 29.3% was observed for the Polonite filter at the lower concentration of BOD7 (p < 0.05). Polonite was also better than BFS with regard to removal of TOC, but there were no significant differences between the two filter materials with regard to removal of Enterococci. The reduction in Enterococci was greater in the experiment using wastewater with high BOD7, an effect attributable to the higher concentration of bacteria in that wastewater. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of extensive pre-treatment of wastewater to achieve good phosphorus removal in reactive bed filters and prolonged filter life.
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Nilsson C, Lakshmanan R, Renman G, Rajarao GK. Efficacy of reactive mineral-based sorbents for phosphate, bacteria, nitrogen and TOC removal--column experiment in recirculation batch mode. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5165-5175. [PMID: 23866147 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two mineral-based materials (Polonite and Sorbulite) intended for filter wells in on-site wastewater treatment were compared in terms of removal of phosphate (PO4-P), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), total organic carbon (TOC) and faecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococci). Using an innovative, recirculating system, septic tank effluent was pumped at a hydraulic loading rate of 3000 L m(2) d(-1) into triplicate bench-scale columns of each material over a 90-day period. The results showed that Polonite performed better with respect to removal of PO4-P, retaining on average 80% compared with 75% in Sorbulite. This difference was attributed to higher CaO content in Polonite and its faster dissolution. Polonite also performed better in terms of removal of bacteria because of its higher pH value. The total average reduction in E. coli was 60% in Polonite and 45% in Sorbulite, while for Enterococci the corresponding value was 56% in Polonite and 34% in Sorbulite. Sorbulite removed TIN more effectively, with a removal rate of 23%, while Polonite removed 11% of TIN, as well as TOC. Organic matter (measured as TOC) was accumulated in the filter materials but was also released periodically. The results showed that Sorbulite could meet the demand in removing phosphate and nitrogen with reduced microbial release from the wastewater treatment process.
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Glaumann S, Hermansson LL, Mascialino B, Hubben G, Borres MP, Nilsson C. Is molecular allergology cost-effective and cost saving in children with suspected peanut allergy compared to double blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), open oral food challenge and skin prick test in Sweden? Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723478 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Nilsson C, Nopp A, Wickman M, Johansson G, Lilja G. Treatment of life-threatening food allergy. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723487 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nilsson N, Sjolander S, Morita E, Berthold M, Hedlin G, Borres M, Nilsson C. Diagnostic value of IgE antibodies to ω-5 gliadin, HMW-glutenin and gliadins in wheat challenged children. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723583 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Karimi M, Dimitriou M, Nilsson C, Jansson M, Matsson H, Unneberg P, Lehmann S, Kere J, Hellström-Lindberg E. P-110 Evaluation of a high throughput mutation-screening strategy in myelodysplastic syndrome patients and acute myeloid leukemia using Halogenomics™ targeted-gene enrichment technology. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Denison H, Nilsson C, Kujacic M, Löfgren L, Karlsson C, Knutsson M, Eriksson JW. Proof of mechanism for the DGAT1 inhibitor AZD7687: results from a first-time-in-human single-dose study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:136-43. [PMID: 22950654 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which catalyses the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly, is suggested as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity based on animal data indicating insulin sensitization and weight reduction. This first-time-in-human single ascending dose study explored the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the selective DGAT1 inhibitor AZD7687. METHODS Eighty healthy male subjects were enrolled. In each of 10 cohorts, six subjects received the same dose of AZD7687 orally (range across cohorts 1-60 mg) and two placebo. Plasma AZD7687 exposure was measured repeatedly. Postprandial serum TAG excursion was measured during 8 h after a standardized mixed meal with fat energy content of 60% (SMM 60%; five cohorts, 1-20 mg), before (baseline) and after dosing, to assess effects on gut DGAT1 activity. RESULTS AZD7687 markedly reduced postprandial TAG excursion with a steep concentration-effect relationship. Incremental TAG AUC (area under the serum concentration vs. time curve) following SMM 60% was decreased >75% from baseline at doses ≥5 mg (p < 0.0001 vs. placebo). Serum levels of diacylglycerol, specifically measured with mass spectrometry, did not increase after AZD7687 administration. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea were reported with increasing doses and they limited dose escalation. Lowering of SMM fat content to 45 or 30% in five cohorts gradually reduced the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms at a given dose of AZD7687. CONCLUSIONS The attenuating effect of AZD7687 on postprandial TAG excursion provides proof of mechanism with respect to gut DGAT1 inhibition. However, dose and diet-related gastrointestinal side effects may impact further development of DGAT1 inhibitors.
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Nilsson N, Nilsson C, Hedlin G, Johansson S, Borres M, Nopp A. Combining Analyses of Basophil Allergen Threshold Sensitivity, CD-sens, and IgE Antibodies to Hydrolyzed Wheat, ω-5 Gliadin and Timothy Grass Enhances the Prediction of Wheat Challenge Outcome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:50-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000350923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Dereke J, Nilsson C, Landin-Olsson M, Hillman M. Prevalence of zinc transporter 8 antibodies in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e436-9. [PMID: 22924602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gestational diabetes mellitus affects approximately 7% of all pregnant women. Some of these women develop autoantibodies that are generally characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies targeting glutamic acid decarboxylase and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein are the most frequently reported. A recently identified autoantigen in Type 1 diabetes is zinc transporter 8. Some reports suggest that the frequency of zinc transporter 8 antibodies is as high as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in Type 1 diabetes and thus a good diagnostic marker for autoimmune diabetes. There are currently no reports of zinc transporter 8 antibodies in gestational diabetes. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the frequency of zinc transporter 8 antibodies in patients at clinical onset of gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS Subjects included in this pilot study were all diagnosed with gestational diabetes at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, 2009-2010 (n = 193). Sera samples were analysed for antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturers' instructions. RESULTS We found that 19/193 patients with gestational diabetes, diagnosed in 2009-2010, were positive for at least one autoantibody. Glutamic acid decarboxylase was the most common single autoantibody (52.6%; 10/19), followed by zinc transporter 8 (21.1%; 4/19) and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (15.8%; 3/19). Combinations of two or more antibodies were rare (10.5%; 2/19). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that zinc transporter 8 added 2.1% (4/193) of autoantibody positivity in women with gestational diabetes who were negative for glutamic acid decarboxylase and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein antibodies. Glutamic acid decarboxylase was still the most prevalent autoantibody in gestational diabetes, but, as zinc transporter 8 was present even in the absence of glutamic acid decarboxylase, this autoantibody could be an important independent marker of autoimmunity in gestational diabetes.
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Joachim A, Nilsson C, Aboud S, Lyamuya EF, Robb M, Marovich M, Ochsenbauer C, Wahren B, Sandström E, Biberfeld G, Ferrari G, Polonis VR. Antibody-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 elicited by HIV-I DNA priming and boosting with heterologous HIV-1 recombinant MVA in healthy Tanzanian adults. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441839 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Katinger D, Jeffs S, Altmann F, Cope A, McKay P, Almond N, Sandström E, Hejdeman B, Biberfeld G, Nilsson C, Hallengärd D, Wahren B, Lehner T, Singh M, Lewis DJ, Lacey C, Shattock R. CN54gp140: product characteristics, peclinical and clinical use - recombinant glycoprotein for HIV immunization. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441960 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bauer A, Podola L, Haule A, Sudi L, Nilsson C, Mann P, Missanga M, Kaluwa B, Maboko L, Lueer C, Mwakatima M, Aboud S, Bakari M, Currier J, Robb M, Joseph S, McCormack S, Lyamuya E, Wahren B, Sandström E, Biberfeld G, Hoelscher M, Kroidl A, Geldmacher C. Preferential targeting of conserved Gag regions after vaccination with a heterologous DNA prime Modified Vaccinia Ankara boost HIV vaccine regime. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441414 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Podola L, Bauer A, Haule A, Sudi L, Nilsson C, Godoy-Ramirez K, Mann P, Missanga M, Kaluwa B, Maboko L, Lueer C, Mwakatima M, Aboud S, Bakari M, Currier J, Robb M, McCormack S, Joseph S, Lyamuya E, Hoelscher M, Wahren B, Sandström E, Biberfeld G, Geldmacher C, Kroidl A. Breadth, phenotype and functionality of Gag-specific T cell responses induced by a heterologous DNA/MVA prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine regimen. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441674 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Munseri P, Kroidl A, Nilsson C, Moshiro C, Aboud S, Joachim A, Geldmacher C, Aris E, Buma D, Lyamuya E, Gotch F, Godoy-Ramirez K, Pallangyo K, Maboko L, Marovich M, Robb M, Hoelscher M, Janabi M, Mann P, Joseph S, Mfinanga S, Stoehr W, Mhalu F, Wahren B, Biberfeld G, McCormack S, Sandstrom E, Bakari M. Priming with a “simplified regimen” of HIV-1 DNA vaccine is as good as a “standard regimen” when boosted with heterologous HIV-1 MVA vaccine. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441944 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Vetander M, Helander D, Flodström C, Ostblom E, Alfvén T, Ly DH, Hedlin G, Lilja G, Nilsson C, Wickman M. Anaphylaxis and reactions to foods in children--a population-based case study of emergency department visits. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:568-77. [PMID: 22417215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about acute reactions to foods among children is limited. OBJECTIVE To describe the overall incidence of anaphylaxis in a paediatric emergency department (ED) setting and to describe reactions to foods in relation to sex and age, clinical characteristics and management. METHODS In a review of medical records, children with ED visits at any of three paediatric hospitals in Stockholm County during 2007 were targeted. Inclusion criteria were any adverse reaction to foods or anaphylaxis. RESULTS 383 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria of which 371 had had reactions to foods. The incidence of anaphylaxis was 32 per 100 000 person years irrespective of cause and food was involved in 92%. Tree nuts, particular cashew, and peanut were the most common eliciting foods, and in children under 3 years, reactions to these two food allergens were as common as reactions to milk and egg. Pollen-allergic children seemed to be admitted due to food-induced anaphylaxis more often during the deciduous tree pollen season compared with the rest of the year (P = 0.015). Symptoms from the lower airways occurred in 49% of children with anaphylaxis but without underlying asthma compared with 72% of children with anaphylaxis and asthma, P < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reactions to peanut and tree nuts are as common as reactions to milk and egg in early life. Concomitant exposure to airborne allergens seems to increase the risk of anaphylaxis to foods. Among children with anaphylaxis, wheeze is prevalent even in children without asthma diagnosis.
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Asarnoj A, Glaumann S, Elfström L, Lilja G, Lidholm J, Nilsson C, Wickman M. Anaphylaxis to Peanut in a Patient Predominantly Sensitized to Ara h 6. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:209-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000336027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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