26
|
Van Zundert A, Kumar C. Ophthalmic loco-regional anaesthesia: Reducing discomfort during injection. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2008.10872542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Vanitha V, Kumar C, Thiyagesan K. Roost and diet selection by Southern Spotted Owlet Athene brama brana (Temminck, 1821) in the Cauvery Delta of Nagapattinam District, southern India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2014. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3805.5845-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
28
|
Yadav RC, Patra AK, Purakayastha TJ, Singh R, Kumar C. Effect of Engineered Nanoparticles of Fe and Zn Oxides on Enzyme Activity and Bacterial Abundance in Soil at Ambient and Elevated Atmospheric CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Pollard B, Booth D, Chazot P, Chhabra A, De Gaudio R, Greif T, Kumar C, Lambert D, Lees G, McLure H, Soni N. Born again from the ashes. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Palte HD, Gayer S, Kumar C. Role of the anaesthetist during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:235; author reply 235. [PMID: 20627884 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
Baig WW, Prabhu AR, Kumar C. Viper bite causing an isolated lower motor neuron-type of facial palsy. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:e368-70. [PMID: 19907878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of viper (Daboia russelii) bite in a 48-year-old man from the state of Karnataka in southern India. He presented in a hypotensive state with a left lower motor neuron-type of facial palsy, necrosis at the site of the bite and acute renal failure. His laboratory parameters revealed renal failure and deranged coagulation parameters. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics and polyvalent antiserum venom, and dialysed in view of the renal failure. His renal function and coagulation abnormalities improved, and the facial palsy recovered with the treatment. The snake bite located away from the face, the facial palsy occurring a few hours after the venom injection and the rapid recovery following antivenin administration, support that the palsy was a direct result of systemic envenomation. To the best of our knowledge, an isolated lower motor neuron-type of facial palsy as a manifestation of systemic toxicity of a viper bite, has not been previously reported.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gayer S, Palte H, Kumar C, Luyet C, Eichenberger U, Tappeiner C, Greif R. Real-time visualization of ultrasound-guided retrobulbar blockade: an imaging study. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:561-2; author reply 562. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
33
|
Singh C, Jain KA, Kumar C, Agarwal K. Design and in vitroevaluation of mucoadhesive microcapsules of pioglitazone. J Young Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.57063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
34
|
Kumar C, Himabindu M, Jetty A. Microbial Biosynthesis and Applications of Gentamicin: A Critical Appraisal. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:173-212. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802262197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
35
|
Panchatsharam S, Kumar C. Checking of gas sampling tube by direct measurement of exhaled breath. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25:596-597. [PMID: 18261252 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021508003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
36
|
Zhou J, Leuschner C, Kumar C, Hormes J, Soboyejo W. A TEM study of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles targeting breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
37
|
Naumann M, Hamm H, Glaser D, Daggett S, Kumar C, Weng Y, Brin M. Low rate of neutralising antibody formation to botulinum toxin type A in the course of treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
38
|
D'Andrilli G, Kumar C, Scambia G, Giordano A. Cell cycle genes in ovarian cancer: steps toward earlier diagnosis and novel therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:8132-41. [PMID: 15623586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human malignant tumors are characterized by abnormal proliferation resulting from alterations in cell cycle-regulatory mechanisms. The regulatory pathways controlling cell cycle phases include several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that display a range of abnormalities with potential usefulness as markers of evolution or treatment response in ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge about these aberrations in malignant tumors of the ovary. We sought to divide cell cycle-regulatory genes into four subgroups on the basis of their predominant role in a specific phase or during the transition between two phases of the cell cycle.
Collapse
|
39
|
Buranaprapuk A, Chaivisuthangkura P, Svasti J, Kumar C. Efficient Photocleavage of Lysozyme by a New Chiral Probe. LETT ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178054640868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
40
|
Daouti S, Latario B, Nagulapalli S, Buxton F, Uziel-Fusi S, Chirn GW, Bodian D, Song C, Labow M, Lotz M, Quintavalla J, Kumar C. Development of comprehensive functional genomic screens to identify novel mediators of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005; 13:508-18. [PMID: 15922185 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop high-throughput assays for the analysis of major chondrocyte functions that are important in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and methods for high-level gene expression and analysis in primary human chondrocytes. METHODS In the first approach, complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed from OA cartilage RNA and full-length clones were selected. These cDNAs were transferred into a retroviral vector using Gateway Technology. Full-length clones were over-expressed in human articular chondrocytes (HAC) by retroviral-mediated gene transfer. The induction of OA-associated markers, including aggrecanase-1 (Agg-1), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), collagen IIA and collagen X was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Induction of a marker gene was verified by independent isolation of 2-3 clones per gene, re-transfection followed by QPCR as well as nucleotide sequencing. In the second approach, whole cDNA libraries were transduced into chondrocytes and screened for chondrocyte cluster formation in three-dimensional agarose cultures. RESULTS Using green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a marker gene, it was shown that the retroviral method has a transduction efficiency of >90%. A total of 40 verified hits were identified in the QPCR screen. The first set of 19 hits coordinately induced iNOS, COX-2, Agg-1 and MMP-13. The most potent of these genes were the tyrosine kinases Axl and Tyro-3, receptor interacting kinase-2 (RIPK2), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1A (TNFR1A), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor FGFR, MUS81 endonuclease and Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 3. The second set of seven hits induced both Agg-1 and MMP-13 but none of the other markers. Five of these seven genes regulate the phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway. The most potently induced OA marker was iNOS. This marker was induced 20-500 fold by seven genes. Collagen IIA was also induced by seven genes, the most potent being transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-stimulated protein TSC22, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and splicing factor 3a. This screening assay did not identify inducers of collagen X. The second chondrocyte cluster formation screen identified 14 verified hits. Most of the genes inducing cluster formation were kinases. Additional genes had not been previously known to regulate chondrocyte cluster formation or any other chondrocyte function. CONCLUSIONS The methods developed in this study can be applied to screen for genes capable of inducing an OA-like phenotype in chondrocytes on a genome-wide scale and identify novel mediators of OA pathogenesis. Thus, coordinated functional genomic approaches can be used to delineate key genes and pathways activated in complex human diseases such as OA.
Collapse
|
41
|
Milburn C, Zhou J, Bravo O, Kumar C, Soboyejo WO. Sensing Interactions Between Vimentin Antibodies and Antigens for Early Cancer Detection. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2005.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Florio S, Crispino L, Ciarcia R, Vacca G, Pagnini U, de Matteis A, Pacilio C, D'Andrilli G, Kumar C, Giordano A. MPA increases idarubicin-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphatic leukaemia cells via caspase-3. J Cell Biochem 2003; 89:747-54. [PMID: 12858340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The caspase family of protease is speculated to have a crucial role in apoptosis. The effect of treatment with Idarubicin (IDA) and Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), used alone or in combination, on the activation of Caspase-3 in canine Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia (CLL) cells was investigated, in order to clarify the mechanism of chemo- and hormone-therapy mediated apoptosis. Caspase activity was determined by a quantitative fluorimetric assay. Apoptosis was monitored by propidium iodide (PI) and nucleosomes assay. Treatment of CLL cells for 24 h with MPA 5 microM did not significantly activate caspase-3 but its activity was increased almost 5-fold more with IDA 1 microM (P < 0.05) than control. Treatment of CLL cells with IDA 1 microM in equimolecular association with MPA was able to increase the activation of caspase-3 induced by IDA of the 61.2% (P < 0.05) in comparison with IDA alone. The activation of caspase-3 was confirmed evaluating apoptosis by PI and nucleosomes assay. Furthermore, both caspase-3 activation and apoptosis triggered by IDA alone or in combination with MPA were significantly inhibited by specific caspase-3 inhibitor AC-DEVD-CMK. These findings provide an explanation for IDA and MPA induced-apoptosis mechanism.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Caspases/metabolism
- Dogs
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fluorometry/methods
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- Idarubicin/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/pharmacology
- Nucleosomes/drug effects
- Nucleosomes/metabolism
- Propidium/analysis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
|
44
|
Florio S, Ciarcia R, Crispino L, Pagnini U, Ruocco A, Kumar C, D'Andrilli G, Russo F. Hydrocortisone has a protective effect on CyclosporinA-induced cardiotoxicity. J Cell Physiol 2003; 195:21-6. [PMID: 12599205 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CyclosporinA (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols CsA is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that CsA increases blood pressure while inhibit Nitric Oxide (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in rat cardiomyocytes the effects of CsA, used alone or in association with Hydrocortisone (HY), on intracellular calcium concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation (MDA level). Our results demonstrated that CsA increased intracellular calcium and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular calcium, while dramatically reduced CsA-induced calcium fluxes. CsA (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both CsA and HY inhibited NO production in rat cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in rat cardiomyocytes, CsA toxicity is due to a calcium overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits CsA-induced toxicity, decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as calcium intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing CsA-induced cardiotoxicity at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumar C, Balasubramanian D. Structural features of water-in-oil microemulsions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100452a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Kumar C. Twelve tips for technologic transformation: the NYCOM experience. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OSTEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION 2001; 101:716-9. [PMID: 11776746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
47
|
Chakraborty S, Garg P, Ramamurthy T, Thungapathra M, Gautam JK, Kumar C, Maiti S, Yamasaki S, Shimada T, Takeda Y, Ghosh A, Nair GB. Comparison of antibiogram, virulence genes, ribotypes and DNA fingerprints of Vibrio cholerae of matching serogroups isolated from hospitalised diarrhoea cases and from the environment during 1997-1998 in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50:879-888. [PMID: 11599737 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-50-10-879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified 17 matching serogroups of Vibrio cholerae belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139 isolated from human cases and from the environment during a concurrent clinical and environmental study conducted in Calcutta, a cholera endemic area. Isolates within these matching serogroups were compared by various phenotypic and genotypic traits to determine if the environment was the source of the organisms associated with the disease. Clinical strains of V. cholerae were resistant to a greater number of drugs and exhibited multi-drug resistance compared with their environmental counterparts. Except for the presence of the genes for the El Tor haemolysin and the regulatory element ToxR in most of the strains of V. cholerae examined, non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae strains lacked most of the other known virulence traits associated with toxigenic V. cholerae O1 or O139. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism of virulence-associated genes, ribotypes and DNA fingerprints of strains of matched serogroups showed considerable diversity, although some gene polymorphisms and ribotypes of a few strains of different serogroups were similar. It is concluded that despite sharing the same serogroup, environmental and clinical isolates were genetically heterogeneous and were of different lineages.
Collapse
|
48
|
Agarwal A, Kumar C, Goel R. Rapid extraction of DNA from diverse soils by guanidine thiocyanate method. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2001; 39:906-10. [PMID: 11831374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular methods are being frequently used for the study of soil microbial communities as majority of naturally occurring microbial populations are non-culturable. In the present study, we describe a protocol of DNA extraction from diverse soils using a combination of heat, enzyme (lysozyme) and guanidine thiocyanate. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated in terms of yield, purity and duration of extraction. The protocol was effective for neutral, acidic as well as alkaline soils (pH range 4.5-8.5). The extracted soil DNA was observed with negligible shearing on agarose gel and the time taken for restriction digestion was very less. Further, the DNA extracted was almost completely devoid of contaminants and pure enough which could be used for PCR amplification and Southern hybridization.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
This article provides an overview of advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms and regulation of intestinal absorption processes of vitamins. The vitamins covered are the water-soluble vitamins folic acid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), biotin, pantothenic acid, and thiamine (vitamin B1) and the lipid-soluble vitamin A. For folate, significant advances have been made in regard to i) digestion of dietary folate polyglutamates to folate monoglutamates by the cloning of the responsible enzyme; ii) identification of the cDNA responsible for the intestinal folate transporter; iii) delineation of intracellular mechanisms that regulate small intestinal folate uptake; and iv) identification and characterization of a specific, pH-dependent, carrier-mediated system for folate uptake at the luminal (apical) membrane of human colonocytes. Studies on cobalamine have focused on cellular and molecular characterization of the intrinsic factor and its receptor. Studies on biotin transport in the small intestine have shown that the uptake process is shared by another water-soluble vitamin, pantothenic acid. Furthermore, a Na-dependent, carrier-mediated biotin uptake system that is also shared with pantothenic acid has been identified at the apical membrane of human colonocytes. This carrier is believed to be responsible for the absorption of the bacterially synthesized biotin and pantothenic acid in the large intestine. Also, preliminary studies have reported the cloning of a biotin transporter from the small intestine. As for thiamine intestinal transport, a study has shown thiamine uptake by small intestinal biopsy specimens to be via a carrier-mediated, Na-independent mechanism, which appears to be up-regulated in thiamine deficiency. Studies on vitamin A intestinal absorption have shown the existence of a receptor-mediated mechanism for the uptake of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein in the small intestine of suckling rats. Another study has shown that retinoic acid increases the mRNA level of the cellular retinol binding protein II and the rate of retinol uptake by Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. The study suggested that retinoids may play a role in the regulation of vitamin A intestinal absorption.
Collapse
|
50
|
Neustadt BR, Smith EM, Lindo N, Nechuta T, Bronnenkant A, Wu A, Armstrong L, Kumar C. Construction of a family of biphenyl combinatorial libraries: structure-activity studies utilizing libraries of mixtures. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2395-8. [PMID: 9873548 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A set of biphenyl aminoacid building blocks has been synthesized. These were used to construct partially-peptidic combinatorial libraries as equimolar multi-component samples. Activity of members of this library as vitronectin receptor antagonists is described, together with SAR studies of the most active members. These studies illustrate several important features of combinatorial libraries.
Collapse
|