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Ireland H, Bayston T, Thompson E, Adami A, Gonçalves C, Lane DA, Finazzi G, Barbui T. Apparent Heterozygous Type II Protein C Deficiency Caused by the Factor V 506 Arg to GIn Mutation. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gonçalves C, Vieira de Castro J, Pojo M, Martins E, Taipa R, Pinto A, Faria C, Reis R, Sousa N, Costa B. PO-473 WNT6 expression in glioblastoma: mechanistic, functional and clinical implications. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira S, Nobre S, Gonçalves I. Long-term follow-up of hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221434. [PMID: 29237659 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia (HAAA) was improved with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and immunosuppression, but the long-term outcome remains undefined. Case 1: a girl aged 3 years with acute liver failure (ALF) submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) subsequently developed aplastic anaemia and HSCT from a compatible sibling was performed. Post-HSCT, the patient developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and rituximab was administered with good response. Fifteen years later, both grafts show good outcome. Case 2: a girl aged 10 years submitted to OLT due to ALF, developed pancytopenia 2 months later. Due to the absence of a human leucocyte antigen compatible donor, she was treated with ciclosporin and antithymocyte globulin with very good long-term outcome. These clinical cases suggest that, for patients with HAAA that underwent OLT, aggressive therapy with HSCT or immunosuppression may provide a benign long-term outcome.
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Brandao P, Gonçalves C. EXPERTS’ CONSENSUS ON ACCEPTABILITY OF EASYCARE (2010) INSTRUMENT: A DELPHI SURVEY FROM PORTUGAL. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gomez JP, Gonçalves C, Pichon C, Midoux P. Effect of IL-1β, TNF-α and IGF-1 on trans-endothelial passage of synthetic vectors through an in vitro vascular endothelial barrier of striated muscle. Gene Ther 2017; 24:416-424. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gonçalves B, Gonçalves C, Rosim R, Oliveira C, Corassin C. Evaluations of Different Sources of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Binding Capacity of Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing their Adsorption Isotherms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17756/jfcn.2017-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fonseca SB, de Oliveira JR, Gonçalves C, Lopes V. Cerebral tuberculomas in a patient with hairy cell leukaemia treated with cladribine. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-217279. [PMID: 27927706 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old man was treated with cladribine for hairy cell leukaemia. A few weeks later, he presented with persistent headaches, intermittent hypoesthesia of the right upper limb and language impairment. Brain CT scan showed 3 contrast-enhancing lesions. MRI revealed infracentimetric nodular lesions with restricted diffusion. One of the lesions was surgically removed and tested positive for acid-fast bacilli. Moreover, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed by PCR. Antituberculous drugs were prescribed for 12 months, with complete resolution of neurological deficits. This case highlights the risk of mycobacterial infections associated with both hairy cell leukaemia and cladribine use, and the importance of screening and treatment of latent forms of tuberculosis in patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Lopes VP, Barnett LM, Saraiva L, Gonçalves C, Bowe SJ, Abbott G, Rodrigues LP. Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing perceived motor competence in Portuguese children. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:666-74. [PMID: 27273009 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to assess young children's perceived Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) competence in order to examine the role of perceived FMS competence in motivation toward physical activity. Children's perceptions of motor competence may vary according to the culture/country of origin; therefore, it is also important to measure perceptions in different cultural contexts. The purpose was to assess the face validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity of the 12 FMS items in the Pictorial Scale for Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children (PMSC) in a Portuguese sample. METHODS Two hundred one Portuguese children (girls, n = 112), 5 to 10 years of age (7.6 ± 1.4), participated. All children completed the PMSC once. Ordinal alpha assessed internal consistency. A random subsamples (n = 47) were reassessed one week later to determine test-retest reliability with Bland-Altman method. Children were asked questions after the second administration to determine face validity. Construct validity was assessed on the whole sample with a Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling (BSEM) approach. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 12 items and two hypothesized factors: object control and locomotor skills. RESULTS The majority of children correctly identified the skills and could understand most of the pictures. Test-retest reliability analysis was good, with an agreement ration between 0.99 and 1.02. Ordinal alpha values ranged from acceptable (object control 0.73, locomotor 0.68) to good (all FMS 0.81). The hypothesized BSEM model had an adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS The PMSC can be used to investigate perceptions of children's FMS competence. This instrument can also be satisfactorily used among Portuguese children.
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Pereira-Vaz J, Correia L, Ferreira S, Gonçalves C, Vaz A, Mendes A, Morais C, Mota V, Gonçalves I, Pereira H, Rodrigues F. Preliminary study of the prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients in Portugal. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pigeon L, Gonçalves C, Pichon C, Midoux P. Evidence for plasmid DNA exchange after polyplex mixing. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7012-7019. [PMID: 27459887 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a plasmid DNA (pDNA) with cationic polymers or cationic liposomes forms nanosized supramolecular structures called lipoplexes, polyplexes and lipopolyplexes. Here, we report that when two polyplex preparations made using the same polymer and the same pDNA but labelled with two different fluorophores are mixed together, pDNA molecules are exchanged. Indeed, when Flu-pDNA complexed with histidinylated lPEI (Flu-pDNA/His-lPEI) polyplexes are mixed with Cy5-pDNA complexed with histidinylated lPEI (Cy5-pDNA/His-lPEI) polyplexes, a high quantity of polyplexes emitting dual fluorescence is observed and FRET indicates that one single polyplex contains two kinds of fluorescent pDNA molecules. This phenomenon depends on the polymer-type and the strength of the pDNA/polymer interaction. No exchange is observed with polylysine polyplexes, caged His-lPEI polyplexes, lipoplexes, lipopolyplexes or when His-lPEI polyplexes are mixed with lipoplexes. Our results suggest that aggregation or collapse of polyplexes occurs after their interaction leading to their unpackaging followed by the formation of new polyplexes with the exchange of pDNA.
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Sousa R, Gonçalves C, Guerra IC, Costa E, Fernandes A, do Bom Sucesso M, Azevedo J, Rodriguez A, Rius R, Seabra C, Ferreira F, Ribeiro L, Ferrão A, Castedo S, Cleto E, Coutinho J, Carvalho F, Barbot J, Porto B. Increased red cell distribution width in Fanconi anemia: a novel marker of stress erythropoiesis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:102. [PMID: 27456001 PMCID: PMC4960735 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cell distribution width (RDW), a classical parameter used in the differential diagnosis of anemia, has recently been recognized as a marker of chronic inflammation and high levels of oxidative stress (OS). Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated to redox imbalance and dysfunctional response to OS. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, which remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrocytosis and increased fetal hemoglobin, two indicators of bone marrow stress erythropoiesis, are generally the first hematological manifestations to appear in FA. However, the significance of RDW and its possible relation to stress erythropoiesis have never been explored in FA. In the present study we analyzed routine complete blood counts from 34 FA patients and evaluated RDW, correlating with the hematological parameters most consistently associated with the FA phenotype. RESULTS We showed, for the first time, that RDW is significantly increased in FA. We also showed that increased RDW is correlated with thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and, most importantly, highly correlated with anemia. Analyzing sequential hemograms from 3 FA patients with different clinical outcomes, during 10 years follow-up, we confirmed a consistent association between increased RDW and decreased hemoglobin, which supports the postulated importance of RDW in the evaluation of hematological disease progression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time, that RDW is significantly increased in FA, and this increment is correlated with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and highly correlated with anemia. According to the present results, it is suggested that increased RDW can be a novel marker of stress erythropoiesis in FA.
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Gaspari C, Carvalho G, Anjos L, Sampaio-Barros P, Moraes J, Gonçalves C, Saad C, Goldenstein-Schainberg C. FRI0453 The Increased Prevalence of Nafld Is Worrisome among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonçalves C, Ribeiro J, Pereira T, Luís AL, Mauricio AC, Santos JD, Lopes MA. Preparation and characterization of electrical conductive PVA based materials for peripheral nerve tube-guides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1981-7. [PMID: 27027727 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration is a serious clinical problem. Presently, there are several nerve tube-guides available in the market, however with some limitations. The goal of this work was the development of a biomaterial with high electrical conductivity to produce tube-guides for nerve regeneration after neurotmesis injuries whenrver an end-to-end suture without tension is not possible. A matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used loaded with the following electrical conductive materials: COOH-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), poly(pyrrole) (PPy), magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ), and silver nitrate (AgNO3 ). The tube-guide production was carried out by a freezing/thawing process (physical crosslinking) with a final annealing treatment. After producing the tube-guide for nerve regeneration, the physicochemical characterization was performed. The most interesting results were achieved by loading PVA with 0.05% of PPy or COOH- functionalized CNTs. These tubes combined the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and PPy with the biocompatibility of PVA matrix, with potential clinical application for nerve regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1981-1987, 2016.
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Gonçalves C, Padrão P, Abreu S, Pinho O, Graça P, Moreira P. Beverages intake and hydration status in adolescents. NUTR HOSP 2015; 32 Suppl 2:10302. [PMID: 26615272 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.sup2.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Gonçalves C, Padrão P, Abreu S, Graça P, Santos R, Moreira P. Hydration status using free water reserve in Portuguese adolescents. NUTR HOSP 2015; 32 Suppl 2:10301. [PMID: 26615271 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.sup2.10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Dias A, Titus P, Gonçalves C, Luis A. SUN-LB034: Quality of Nursing Care in the Administration of Parenteral Nutrition in ICU. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Santos C, Félix L, Neves M, Coimbra A, Valentim AM, Antunes L, Gonçalves C, Carmo A, Pinto ML. Refinement Techniques in Zebrafish Anaesthesia - Results from a Pilot Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21 Suppl 5:93-94. [PMID: 26227727 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Oliveira-Santos J, Santos R, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, Gonçalves C, Fernandes A, Agostinis C, Silva P, Moreira P, Mota J. Obesity is associated with raised values of inflammation markers in Portuguese adolescents. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Agostinis C, Oliveira-Santos J, Abreu S, Moreira C, Lopes L, Fernandes A, Gonçalves C, Silva P, Moreira P, Mota J, Santos R. Association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in adolescents. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gonçalves C, Silva JP, Antunes IF, Ferreira MFM, Martins JA, Geraldes CFGC, Lalatonne Y, Motte L, de Vries EFJ, Gama FM. Dextrin-Based Nanomagnetogel: In Vivo Biodistribution and Stability. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:699-706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carvalho J, Gonçalves C, Duque L, Brito P, Poças J. [Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related with infliximab interruption in patient with Crohn's disease and active tuberculosis]. ACTA REUMATOLOGICA PORTUGUESA 2014; 39:331-336. [PMID: 25298330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of active tuberculosis. However, its interruption in this setting may trigger a paradoxical response to tuberculosis treatment, as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. We present the case of a 36-year-old patient, with Crohn's disease, treated with infliximab for the last 8 years, who was admitted with miliary tuberculosis. A pan-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was isolated. Infliximab was interrupted and standard antituberculous therapy was started, as well as systemic corticotherapy, without any clinical or radiological improvement. After exclusion of other opportunistic infections and primary or acquired immunodeficiency, we considered the possibility of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome triggered by infliximab interruption. Thus, infliximab was reintroduced after 2 months of antituberculous therapy and clinical and radiological improvement was observed.
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Parreira J, Lúcio P, João C, Macedo A, Sarmento AB, Geraldes C, Gonçalves C, Esteves G. Gamapatias Monoclonais de Significado Indeterminado: Critérios de Diagnóstico e Acompanhamento Clínico. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2014. [DOI: 10.20344/amp.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
<p>The Portuguese group of multiple myeloma of the Portuguese Society of Hematology proposes a national protocol for diagnosis and clinical follow-up of monoclonal gammopathies. The proposed protocol aims to standardize clinical management of monoclonal gammopathies. Furthermore, it would also define the major risk factors for progression to Multiple Myeloma that require a precocious close articulation between general practitioners and a Hematology Clinic.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords: </strong>Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance; Prognosis; Disease Progression; Long-Term Care; Portugal.</p>
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Parreira J, Lúcio P, João C, Macedo A, Sarmento AB, Geraldes C, Gonçalves C, Esteves G. [Monoclonal gammopathies of indetermined significance: diagnosis and clinical follow-up guidelines]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2014; 27:661-664. [PMID: 25409226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Portuguese group of multiple myeloma of the Portuguese Society of Hematology proposes a national protocol for diagnosis and clinical follow-up of monoclonal gammopathies. The proposed protocol aims to standardize clinical management of monoclonal gammopathies. Furthermore, it would also define the major risk factors for progression to Multiple Myeloma that require a precocious close articulation between general practitioners and a Hematology Clinic.
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Pérez-Chaparro PJ, Gonçalves C, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Lobão E, Tamashiro N, Duarte P, Feres M. Newly identified pathogens associated with periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res 2014; 93:846-58. [PMID: 25074492 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514542468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence supporting the role of certain oral bacteria species in the onset and progression of periodontitis. Nevertheless, results of independent-culture diagnostic methods introduced about a decade ago have pointed to the existence of new periodontal pathogens. However, the data of these studies have not been evaluated together, which may generate some misunderstanding on the actual role of these microorganisms in the etiology of periodontitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the current weight of evidence for newly identified periodontal pathogens based on the results of "association" studies. This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 2013 for studies (1) comparing microbial data of subgingival plaque samples collected from subjects with periodontitis and periodontal health and (2) evaluating at least 1 microorganism other than the already-known periodontal pathogens. From 1,450 papers identified, 41 studies were eligible. The data were extracted and registered in predefined piloted forms. The results suggested that there is moderate evidence in the literature to support the association of 17 species or phylotypes from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes. The phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria and the Archaea domain also seem to have an association with disease. These data point out the importance of previously unidentified species in the etiology of periodontitis and might guide future investigations on the actual role of these suspected new pathogens in the onset and progression of this infection.
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Lima M, Spínola A, Fonseca S, Santos AH, Rodrigues J, Oliveira L, Queirós ML, Santos M, Gonçalves M, Lau C, Teixeira MDA, Gonçalves C, Marques C, Guerreiro M, Cunha M, Príncipe F, Coutinho J. Aggressive mature natural killer cell neoplasms: report on a series of 12 European patients with emphasis on flow cytometry based immunophenotype and DNA content of neoplastic natural killer cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:103-12. [PMID: 24669939 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.905772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report 12 cases of aggressive natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms diagnosed in Portugal, with emphasis on flow cytometry. Ten patients had extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type and two had aggressive NK cell leukemia, and seven were men and five were women, with a median age of 50 years. NK cells brightly expressed the CD56 adhesion molecule and CD94 lectin type killer receptor and had an activation-related HLA-DR+ CD45RA+ CD45RO+ immunophenotype, in most cases. In contrast, dim CD16 expression was found in a minor proportion of cases, whereas CD57 and the CD158a and CD158e1 killer immunoglobulin-like receptors were negative. One-third of cases showed a hyperploid DNA content and nearly all had a very high S-phase proliferative rate. The phenotypic features of the neoplastic NK cells would suggest that they represent the transformed counterpart of the CD56 + bright NK cells that circulate in normal blood.
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