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Portou M, Yu R, Shi-wen X, Abraham D, Hamilton G, Baker D, Tsui J. Hyperglycaemia Exaggerates Ischaemia Induced Tissue Damage in Dermal Fibroblasts Through MyD88 Dependant Toll-like Receptor 4 Activation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhao Q, Potter CS, Carragher B, Lander G, Sworen J, Towne V, Abraham D, Duncan P, Washabaugh MW, Sitrin RD. Characterization of virus-like particles in GARDASIL® by cryo transmission electron microscopy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:734-9. [PMID: 24299977 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) is a powerful characterization method for assessing the structural properties of biopharmaceutical nanoparticles, including Virus Like Particle-based vaccines. We demonstrate the method using the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) VLPs in GARDASIL®. CryoTEM, coupled to automated data collection and analysis, was used to acquire images of the particles in their hydrated state, determine their morphological characteristics, and confirm the integrity of the particles when absorbed to aluminum adjuvant. In addition, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the VLPs, both alone and when interacting with neutralizing antibodies. Two modes of binding of two different neutralizing antibodies were apparent; for HPV type 11 saturated with H11.B2, 72 potential Fab binding sites were observed at the center of each capsomer, whereas for HPV 16 interacting with H16.V5, it appears that 60 pentamers (each neighboring 6 other pentamers) bind five Fabs per pentamer, for the total of 300 potential Fab binding sites per VLP.
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Wu Y, Simons J, Hooson S, Abraham D, Carta G. Protein and virus-like particle adsorption on perfusion chromatography media. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sheela CS, Ramakant P, Shah G, Chandramohan V, Abraham D, Paul MJ. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast presenting as a cystic mass. J Postgrad Med 2013; 59:155-6. [PMID: 23793323 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fincher M, Oikonomopoulos N, Abraham D, Baker D, Tsui J. IGF-1 has no effect on the proliferation or differentiation of myoblasts exposed to ischaemic conditions. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Karrar S, Shiwen X, Nikotorowicz-Buniak J, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Stratton R, Bayley R, Kite KA, Clay E, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Buckley C, Young SP, Ye L, Zhang L, Goodall J, Gaston H, Xu H, Lutalo PM, Zhao Y, Meng Choong L, Sangle S, Spencer J, D'Cruz D, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Bowness P, Rump-Goodrich L, Mattey D, Kehoe O, Middleton J, Cartwright A, Schmutz C, Askari A, Middleton J, Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Raza K, Sansom DM, Clay E, Bayley R, Fitzpatrick M, Wallace G, Young S, Shaw J, Hatano H, Cauli A, Giles JL, McHugh K, Mathieu A, Bowness P, Kollnberger S, Webster S, Ellis L, O'Brien LM, Fitzmaurice TJ, Gaston H, Goodall J, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams A, Jones S, Thomas C, O'Donnell V, Nowell M, Ouboussad L, Savic S, Dickie LJ, Hintze J, Wong CH, Cook GP, Buch M, Emery P, McDermott MF, Hardcastle SA, Gregson CL, Deere K, Davey Smith G, Dieppe P, Tobias JH, Dennison E, Edwards M, Bennett J, Coggon D, Palmer K, Cooper C, McWilliams D, Young A, Kiely PD, Walsh D, Taylor HJ, Harding I, Hutchinson J, Nelson I, Blom A, Tobias J, Clark E, Parker J, Bukhari M, McWilliams D, Jayakumar K, Young A, Kiely P, Walsh D, Diffin J, Lunt M, Marshall T, Chipping J, Symmons D, Verstappen S, Taylor HJ, Harding I, Hutchinson J, Nelson I, Tobias J, Clark E, Bluett J, Bowes J, Ho P, McHugh N, Buden D, Fitzgerald O, Barton A, Glossop JR, Nixon NB, Emes RD, Dawes PT, Farrell WE, Mattey DL, Scott IC, Steer S, Seegobin S, Hinks AM, Eyre S, Morgan A, Wilson AG, Hocking L, Wordsworth P, Barton A, Worthington J, Cope A, Lewis CM, Guerra S, Ahmed BA, Denton C, Abraham D, Fonseca C, Robinson J, Taylor J, Haroon Rashid L, Flynn E, Eyre S, Worthington J, Barton A, Isaacs J, Bowes J, Wilson AG, Barrett JH, Morgan A, Kingston B, Ahmed M, Kirwan JR, Marshall R, Chapman K, Pearson R, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rynne M, Saravanan V, Hamilton J, Saeed A, Coughlan R, Carey JJ, Farah Z, Matthews W, Bell C, Petford S, Tibbetts LM, Douglas KMJ, Holden W, Ledingham J, Fletcher M, Winfield R, Price Z, Mackay K, Dixon C, Oppong R, Jowett S, Nicholls E, Whitehurst D, Hill S, Hammond A, Hay E, Dziedzic K, Righetti C, Lebmeier M, Manning VL, Hurley M, Scott DL, Choy E, Bearne L, Nikiphorou E, Morris S, James D, Kiely P, Walsh D, Young A, Wong EC, Long J, Fletcher A, Fletcher M, Holmes S, Hockey P, Abbas M, Chattopadhyay C, Flint J, Gayed M, Schreiber K, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Khamashta M, Gordon C, Giles I, Robson J, Kiran A, Maskell J, Arden N, Hutchings A, Emin A, Culliford D, Dasgupta B, Hamilton W, Luqmani R, Jethwa H, Rowczenio D, Trojer H, Russell T, Loeffler J, Hawkins P, Lachmann H, Verma I, Syngle A, Krishan P, Garg N, Flint J, Gayed M, Schreiber K, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Khamashta M, Gordon C, Giles I, McGowan SP, Gerrard DT, Chinoy H, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, Lamb JA, Taborda L, Correia Azevedo P, Isenberg D, Leyland KM, Kiran A, Judge A, Hunter D, Hart D, Javaid MK, Arden N, Cooper C, Edwards MH, Litwic AE, Jameson KA, Deeg D, Cooper C, Dennison E, Edwards MH, Jameson KA, Cushnaghan J, Aihie Sayer A, Deeg D, Cooper C, Dennison E, Jagannath D, Parsons C, Cushnaghan J, Cooper C, Edwards MH, Dennison E, Stoppiello L, Mapp P, Ashraf S, Wilson D, Hill R, Scammell B, Walsh D, Wenham C, Shore P, Hodgson R, Grainger A, Aaron J, Hordon L, Conaghan P, Bar-Ziv Y, Beer Y, Ran Y, Benedict S, Halperin N, Drexler M, Mor A, Segal G, Lahad A, Haim A, Rath U, Morgensteren DM, Salai M, Elbaz A, Vasishta VG, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Khan K, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Ezeonyeji A, Takhar G, Denton C, Ong V, Loughrey L, Bissell LA, Hensor E, Abignano G, Redmond A, Buch M, Del Galdo F, Hall FC, Malaviya A, Nisar M, Baker S, Furlong A, Mitchell A, Godfrey AL, Ruddlesden M, Hadjinicolaou A, Hughes M, Moore T, O'Leary N, Tracey A, Ennis H, Dinsdale G, Roberts C, Herrick A, Denton CP, Guillevin L, Hunsche E, Rosenberg D, Schwierin B, Scott M, Krieg T, Anderson M, Hall FC, Herrick A, McHugh N, Matucci-Cerinic M, Alade R, Khan K, Xu S, Denton C, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Ong V, Denton CP, Clark KE, Tam FWK, Unwin R, Khan K, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Stratton RJ, Nihtyanova S, Schreiber B, Ong V, Denton CP, Seng Edwin Lim C, Dasgupta B, Corsiero E, Sutcliffe N, Wardemann H, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Tahir H, Donnelly S, Greenwood M, Smith TO, Easton V, Bacon H, Jerman E, Armon K, Poland F, Macgregor A, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Elewaut D, Pangan AL, Nguyen D, Badenhorst C, Kirby S, White D, Harrison A, Garcia JA, Stebbings S, MacKay JW, Aboelmagd S, Gaffney K, van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, Braun J, Mack M, Hsu B, Gathany T, Han C, Inman RD, Cooper-Moss N, Packham J, Strauss V, Freeston JE, Coates L, Nam J, Moverley AR, Helliwell P, Hensor E, Wakefield R, Emery P, Conaghan P, Mease P, Fleischmann R, Wollenhaupt J, Deodhar A, Kielar D, Woltering F, Stach C, Hoepken B, Arledge T, van der Heijde D, Gladman D, Fleischmann R, Coteur G, Woltering F, Mease P, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, van der Heijde D, Purcaru O, Mease P, McInnes I, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, Puig L, Rahman P, Ritchlin C, Li S, Wang Y, Mendelsohn A, Doyle M, Tillett W, Jadon D, Shaddick G, Cavill C, Robinson G, Sengupta R, Korendowych E, de Vries C, McHugh N, Thomas RC, Shuto T, Busquets-Perez N, Marzo-Ortega H, McGonagle D, Tillett W, Richards G, Cavill C, Sengupta R, Shuto T, Marzo-Ortega H, Thomas RC, Bingham S, Coates L, Emery P, John Hamlin P, Adshead R, Cambridge S, Donnelly S, Tahir H, Suppiah P, Cullinan M, Nolan A, Thompson WM, Stebbings S, Mathieson HR, Mackie SL, Bryer D, Buch M, Emery P, Marzo-Ortega H, Krutikov M, Gray L, Bruce E, Ho P, Marzo-Ortega H, Busquets-Perez N, Thomas RC, Gaffney K, Keat A, Innes W, Pandit R, Kay L, Lapshina S, Myasoutova L, Erdes S, Wallis D, Waldron N, McHugh N, Korendowych E, Thorne I, Harris C, Keat A, Garg N, Syngle A, Vohra K, Khinchi D, Verma I, Kaur L, Jones A, Harrison N, Harris D, Jones T, Rees J, Bennett A, Fazal S, Tugnet N, Barkham N, Basu N, McClean A, Harper L, Amft EN, Dhaun N, Luqmani RA, Little MA, Jayne DR, Flossmann O, McLaren J, Kumar V, Reid DM, Macfarlane GJ, Jones G, Yates M, Watts RA, Igali L, Mukhtyar C, Macgregor A, Robson J, Doll H, Yew S, Flossmann O, Suppiah R, Harper L, Hoglund P, Jayne D, Mukhtyar C, Westman K, Luqmani R, Win Maw W, Patil P, Williams M, Adizie T, Christidis D, Borg F, Dasgupta B, Robertson A, Croft AP, Smith S, Carr S, Youssouf S, Salama A, Pusey C, Harper L, Morgan M. Basic Science * 208. Stem Cell Factor Expression is Increased in the Skin of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts in vitro. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Backhouse MR, Vinall KA, Redmond A, Helliwell P, Keenan AM, Dale RM, Thomas A, Aronson D, Turner-Cobb J, Sengupta R, France B, Hill I, Flurey CA, Morris M, Pollock J, Hughes R, Richards P, Hewlett S, Ryan S, Lille K, Adams J, Haq I, McArthur M, Goodacre L, Birt L, Wilson O, Kirwan J, Dures E, Quest E, Hewlett S, Rajak R, Thomas T, Lawson T, Petford S, Hale E, Kitas GD, Ryan S, Gooberman-Hill R, Jinks C, Dziedzic K, Boucas SB, Hislop K, Rhodes C, Adams J, Ali F, Jinks C, Ong BN, Backhouse MR, White D, Hensor E, Keenan AM, Helliwell P, Redmond A, Ferguson AM, Douiri A, Scott DL, Lempp H, Halls S, Law RJ, Jones J, Markland D, Maddison P, Thom J, Law RJ, Thom JM, Maddison P, Breslin A, Kraus A, Gordhan C, Dennis S, Connor J, Chowdhary B, Lottay N, Juneja P, Bacon PA, Isaacs D, Jack J, Keller M, Tibble J, Haq I, Hammond A, Gill R, Tyson S, Tennant A, Nordenskiold U, Pease EE, Pease CT, Trehane A, Rahmeh F, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Rose K, Alber CF, Watson L, Stratton R, Lazarus M, McNeilly NE, Waterfield J, Hurley M, Greenwood J, Clayton AM, Lynch M, Clewes A, Dawson J, Abernethy V, Griffiths AE, Chamberlain VA, McLoughlin Y, Campbell S, Hayes J, Moffat C, McKenna F, Shah P, Rajak R, Williams A, Rhys-Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Martin JC, Rajak R, Bari F, Hughes G, Thomas E, Baker S, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Dunkley L, Youll MJ, Rodziewicz M, Reynolds JA, Berry J, Pavey C, Hyrich K, Gorodkin R, Wilkinson K, Bruce I, Barton A, Silman A, Ho P, Cornell T, Westlake SL, Richards S, Holmes A, Parker S, Smith H, Briggs N, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Thwaites C, Ryan S, Kamath S, Price S, Robinson SM, Walker D, Coop H, Al-Allaf W, Baker S, Williamson L, Price E, Collins D, Charleton RC, Griffiths B, Edwards EA, Partlett R, Martin K, Tarzi M, Panthakalam S, Freeman T, Ainley L, Turner M, Hughes L, Russell B, Jenkins S, Done J, Young A, Jones T, Gaywood IC, Pande I, Pradere MJ, Bhaduri M, Smith A, Cook H, Abraham S, Ngcozana T, Denton CP, Parker L, Black CM, Ong V, Thompson N, White C, Duddy M, Jobanputra P, Bacon P, Smith J, Richardson A, Giancola G, Soh V, Spencer S, Greenhalgh A, Hanson M, De Lord D, Lloyd M, Wong H, Wren D, Grover B, Hall J, Neville C, Alton P, Kelly S, Bombardieri M, Humby F, Ng N, Di Cicco M, Hands R, Epis O, Filer A, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Pitzalis C, Freeston J, Conaghan P, Grainger A, O'Connor PJ, Evans R, Emery P, Hodgson R, Emery P, Fleischmann R, Han C, van der Heijde D, Conaghan P, Xu W, Hsia E, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, Chattopadhyay C, Beutler A, Han C, Zayat AS, Conaghan P, Freeston J, Hensor E, Ellegard K, Terslev L, Emery P, Wakefield RJ, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Dey D, Nandagudi A, Giles I, Shipley M, Morris V, Ioannou J, Ehrenstein M, Sen D, Chan M, Quinlan TM, Brophy R, Mewar D, Patel D, Wilby MJ, Pellegrini V, Eyes B, Crooks D, Anderson M, Ball E, McKeeman H, Burns J, Yau WH, Moore O, Foo J, Benson C, Patterson C, Wright G, Taggart A, Drew S, Tanner L, Sanyal K, Bourke BE, Lloyd M, Alston C, Baqai C, Chard M, Sandhu V, Neville C, Jordan K, Munns C, Zouita L, Shattles W, Davies U, Makadsi R, Griffith S, Kiely PD, Ciurtin C, Dimofte I, Dabu M, Dabu B, Dobarro D, Schreiber BE, Warrell C, Handler C, Coghlan G, Denton C, Ishorari J, Bunn C, Beynon H, Denton CP, Stratton R, George Malal JJ, Boton-Maggs B, Leung A, Farewell D, Choy E, Gullick NJ, Young A, Choy EH, Scott DL, Wincup C, Fisher B, Charles P, Taylor P, Gullick NJ, Pollard LC, Kirkham BW, Scott DL, Ma MH, Ramanujan S, Cavet G, Haney D, Kingsley GH, Scott D, Cope A, Singh A, Wilson J, Isaacs A, Wing C, McLaughlin M, Penn H, Genovese MC, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali J, Zilberstein M, Thompson L, Van Vollenhoven R, De Benedetti F, Brunner H, Allen R, Brown D, Chaitow J, Pardeo M, Espada G, Flato B, Horneff G, Devlin C, Kenwright A, Schneider R, Woo P, Martini A, Lovell D, Ruperto N, John H, Hale ED, Treharne GJ, Kitas GD, Carroll D, Mercer L, Low A, Galloway J, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Low A, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Balarajah S, Sandhu A, Ariyo M, Rankin E, Sandoo A, van Zanten JJV, Toms TE, Carroll D, Kitas GD, Sandoo A, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Malik S, Toberty E, Thalayasingam N, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Puntis D, Malik S, Hamilton J, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rajak R, Goodfellow R, Rhys-Dillon C, Winter R, Wardle P, Martin JC, Toms T, Sandoo A, Smith J, Cadman S, Nightingale P, Kitas G, Alhusain AZ, Verstappen SM, Mirjafari H, Lunt M, Charlton-Menys V, Bunn D, Symmons D, Durrington P, Bruce I, Cooney JK, Thom JM, Moore JP, Lemmey A, Jones JG, Maddison PJ, Ahmad YA, Ahmed TJ, Leone F, Kiely PD, Browne HK, Rhys-Dillon C, Wig S, Chevance A, Moore T, Manning J, Vail A, Herrick AL, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Moinzadeh P, Chighizola C, Khan K, Ong V, Abraham D, Denton CP, Schreiber BE, Dobarro D, Warrell CE, Handler C, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Sykes R, Muir L, Ennis H, Herrick AL, Shiwen X, Thompson K, Khan K, Liu S, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ, Strickland G, Pauling J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Owen P, McHugh N, Abignano G, Cuomo G, Buch MH, Rosenberg WM, Valentini G, Emery P, Del Galdo F, Jenkins J, Pauling JD, McHugh N, Khan K, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Denton CP, Ong V, Moinzadeh P, Howell K, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Denton CP, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Khan K, Abraham D, Ong V, Denton CP, Malaviya AP, Hadjinicolaou AV, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Hadjinicolaou AV, Malaviya AP, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Raut-Roy D, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Peluso R, Dario Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Costa L, Atteno M, Lofrano M, Soscia E, Castiglione F, Foglia F, Scarpa R, Wallis D, Thomas A, Hill I, France B, Sengupta R, Dougados M, Keystone E, Heckaman M, Mease P, Landewe R, Nguyen D, Heckaman M, Mease P, Winfield RA, Dyke C, Clemence M, Mackay K, Haywood KL, Packham J, Jordan KP, Davies H, Brophy S, Irvine E, Cooksey R, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Kingsley GH, Ibrahim F, Scott DL, Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Chattopadhyay C, Krueger G, Gladman D, Beutler A, Gathany T, Mudivarthy S, Mack M, Tandon N, Han C, Mease P, McInnes I, Sieper J, Braun J, Emery P, van der Heijde D, Isaacs J, Dahmen G, Wollenhaupt J, Schulze-Koops H, Gsteiger S, Bertolino A, Hueber W, Tak PP, Cohen CJ, Karaderi T, Pointon JJ, Wordsworth BP, Cooksey R, Davies H, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Brophy S, Keidel S, Pointon JJ, Farrar C, Karaderi T, Appleton LH, Wordsworth BP, Adshead R, Tahir H, Greenwood M, Donnelly SP, Wajed J, Kirkham B. BHPR research: qualitative * 1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McErlane F, Beresford MW, Baildam EM, Thomson W, Hyrich K, Chieng A, Davidson J, Foster HE, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn L, Nikiphorou E, Carpenter L, Kiely P, Walsh D, Dixey J, Young A, Kapoor SR, Filer A, Fitzpatrick M, Fisher BA, Taylor PC, Buckley C, McInnes I, Raza K, Young SP, Dougados M, Kissel K, Amital H, Conaghan P, Martin-Mola E, Nasonov E, Schett G, Troum O, Veldi T, Bernasconi C, Huizinga T, Durez P, Genovese MC, Richards HB, Supronik J, Dokoupilova E, Aelion JA, Lee SH, Codding CE, Kellner H, Ikawa T, Hugot S, Ligozio G, Mpofu S, Kavanaugh A, Emery P, Fleischmann R, Van Vollenhoven R, Pavelka K, Durez P, Guerette B, Santra S, Redden L, Kupper H, Smolen JS, Wilkie R, Tajar A, McBeth J, Hooper LS, Bowen CJ, Gates L, Culliford D, Edwards CJ, Arden NK, Adams J, Ryan S, Haywood H, Pain H, Siddle HJ, Redmond AC, Waxman R, Dagg AR, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Wilkins RA, Helliwell PS, Norton S, Kiely P, Walsh D, Williams R, Young A, Halls S, Law RJ, Jones J, Markland D, Maddison P, Thom J, Parker B, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Bruce I, Croca SC, Pericleous C, Yong H, Isenberg D, Giles I, Rahman A, Ioannou Y, Warrell CE, Dobarro D, Handler C, Denton CP, Schreiber BE, Coghlan JG, Betteridge ZE, Woodhead F, Bunn C, Denton CP, Abraham D, Desai S, du Bois R, Wells A, McHugh N, Abignano G, Aydin S, Castillo-Gallego C, Woods D, Meekings A, McGonagle D, Emery P, Del Galdo F, Vila J, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, Griffiths B, Lendrem D, Foggo H, Tarn J, Ng WF, Goodhead C, Shekar P, Kelly C, Francis G, Bailey AM, Thompson L, Hamilton J, Salisbury C, Foster NE, Bishop A, Coast J, Franchini A, Hall J, Hollinghurst S, Hopper C, Grove S, Kaur S, Montgomery A, Paskins Z, Sanders T, Croft PR, Hassell AB, Coxon DE, Frisher M, Jordan KP, Jinks C, Peat G, Monk HL, Muller S, Mallen C, Hider SL, Roddy E, Muller S, Hayward R, Mallen C. Oral abstracts 3: RA Treatment and outcomes * O13. Validation of jadas in all subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a clinical setting. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhao Q, Modis Y, High K, Towne V, Meng Y, Wang Y, Alexandroff J, Brown M, Carragher B, Potter CS, Abraham D, Wohlpart D, Kosinski M, Washabaugh MW, Sitrin RD. Disassembly and reassembly of human papillomavirus virus-like particles produces more virion-like antibody reactivity. Virol J 2012; 9:52. [PMID: 22356831 PMCID: PMC3308208 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on major capsid protein L1 are licensed in over 100 countries to prevent HPV infections. The yeast-derived recombinant quadrivalent HPV L1 vaccine, GARDASIL(R), has played an important role in reducing cancer and genital warts since its introduction in 2006. The L1 proteins self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). Results VLPs were subjected to post-purification disassembly and reassembly (D/R) treatment during bioprocessing to improve VLP immunoreactivity and stability. The post-D/R HPV16 VLPs and their complex with H16.V5 neutralizing antibody Fab fragments were visualized by cryo electron microscopy, showing VLPs densely decorated with antibody. Along with structural improvements, post-D/R VLPs showed markedly higher antigenicity to conformational and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) H16.V5, H16.E70 and H263.A2, whereas binding to mAbs recognizing linear epitopes (H16.J4, H16.O7, and H16.H5) was greatly reduced. Strikingly, post-D/R VLPs showed no detectable binding to H16.H5, indicating that the H16.H5 epitope is not accessible in fully assembled VLPs. An atomic homology model of the entire HPV16 VLP was generated based on previously determined high-resolution structures of bovine papillomavirus and HPV16 L1 pentameric capsomeres. Conclusions D/R treatment of HPV16 L1 VLPs produces more homogeneous VLPs with more virion-like antibody reactivity. These effects can be attributed to a combination of more complete and regular assembly of the VLPs, better folding of L1, reduced non-specific disulfide-mediated aggregation and increased stability of the VLPs. Markedly different antigenicity of HPV16 VLPs was observed upon D/R treatment with a panel of monoclonal antibodies targeting neutralization sensitive epitopes. Multiple epitope-specific assays with a panel of mAbs with different properties and epitopes are required to gain a better understanding of the immunochemical properties of VLPs and to correlate the observed changes at the molecular level. Mapping of known antibody epitopes to the homology model explains the changes in antibody reactivity upon D/R. In particular, the H16.H5 epitope is partially occluded by intercapsomeric interactions involving the L1 C-terminal arm. The homology model allows a more precise mapping of antibody epitopes. This work provides a better understanding of VLPs in current vaccines and could guide the design of improved vaccines or therapeutics.
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Maurer B, Reich N, Jungel A, Kriegsmann J, Gay RE, Schett G, Michel BA, Gay S, Distler J, Distler O, Moroncini G, Grieco A, Paolini C, Nacci G, Pozniak K, Mori S, Finke D, Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Tonnini C, Svegliati S, Angeletti M, Avvedimento E, Funaro A, Gabrielli A, Xu S, Thompson K, Khan K, Liu S, Denton C, Leask A, Abraham D, Khan K, Shiwen X, Abraham DJ, Denton CP, Ong V. S.10.1 FRA-2 transgenic mice display the main features of SSC-associated pulmonary hypertension in a PDGF-BB/PDGFR pathway dependent manner. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Beyer C, Schramm A, Distler A, Dees C, Taketo MM, de Crombrugghe B, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW, Dees C, Tomcik M, Palumbo K, Akhmetshina A, Horn A, Zerr P, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW, Distler A, Palumbo K, Dees C, Bergmann C, Venalis P, Zerr P, Horn A, Beyer C, MacDougald OA, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW, Lagares D, Busnadiego O, Garcia-Fernandez R, Kapoor M, Liu S, Carter D, Abraham D, Shi-Wen X, Carreira P, Fontaine B, Shea B, Tager A, Leask A, Lamas S, Rodriguez-Pascual F. S.6.1 -catenin is a central mediator in SSc. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Charlesworth J, Stankovich J, Lewis P, Byron J, Stevens W, Sahhar J, Proudman S, Roddy J, Nash P, Tymms K, Brown M, Zochling J, Leask A, Parapuram S, Shiwen X, Denton C, Abraham D, Liu S, Vettori S, Brock M, Iwamoto N, Maurer B, Jungel A, Gay RE, Calcagni M, Valentini G, Distler JH, Gay S, Distler O, Assassi S, Mayes M, Liu X, Harper B, Gonzalez E, Draeger H, Zhou X, Khanna D, Furst D, Tan F. S.8.1 An immunochip-based interrogation of scleroderma susceptibility variants. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Haque SU, Loizidou M, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Winslet M, Welch H. Identification of Endothelin-1 stimulated genes in colon cancer cells and fibroblasts and the effect of Endothelin Receptor antagonism on their regulation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhao Q, Towne V, Brown M, Wang Y, Abraham D, Oswald CB, Gimenez JA, Washabaugh MW, Kennedy R, Sitrin RD. In-depth process understanding of RECOMBIVAX HB® maturation and potential epitope improvements with redox treatment: multifaceted biochemical and immunochemical characterization. Vaccine 2011; 29:7936-41. [PMID: 21871939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in yeast undergo spontaneous maturation during the vaccine production process, and the biophysical characteristics of the particles with respect to maturation were described in Zhao et al. (2006) [13]. Here we report additional biochemical and immunochemical characterization by various techniques, including the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that differ in their selectivity and conformation-sensitivity, for probing surface epitope structures. Crosslinking via interchain disulfide formation and binding of conformational specific antibodies in the mature particles were shown to be progressively enhanced. We show that redox-mediated VLP maturation is superior to heat-induced maturation in terms of generating VLPs which exhibit more complete crosslinking (>95%) and 2- to 3-fold higher antigenicity as defined by conformational antibodies. Therefore, the resulting VLPs from redox treatment resemble more closely their plasma-derived counterparts. The value of using multiple mAbs for probing surface epitopes was clearly demonstrated as different mAbs showed different degrees of sensitivity to the structural changes during HBsAg VLP maturation. The rapid, label-free technology of surface plasmon resonance performed at a single antigen concentration was shown to correlate well with a sandwich ELISA using parallel line analysis, currently implemented for product release and stability testing of RECOMBIVAX HB(®). Surface plasmon resonance offers both convenience and flexibility; multiple mAbs can be tested one at a time in the same set of experiments, providing a means to assess changes to individual epitopes. Taken together, these quantitative analytical tools enable more rapid, in-depth, and comprehensive process monitoring, process optimization, and assessment of product consistency and stability.
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Moinzadeh P, Denton C, Abraham D, Ong V, Hunzelmann N, Eckes B, Krieg T. Biomarkers for skin involvement and fibrotic activity in scleroderma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:267-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nihtyanova S, Ong V, Black C, Denton C, Lutalo P, Shattles W, Jones H, Nouri R, Hepburn A, Chard M, Horwood N, Lynn M, Duke O, Kiely P, Zouita L, Davies U, Hughes R, Lloyd M, Nikitorowicz Buniak J, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Denton C, Black C, Stratton R, Hugle T, Schuetz P, Daikeler T, Tyndall A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Walker UA, van Laar JM, Pauling JD, Flower V, McHugh N, Liu S, Leask A, Nikitorowicz Buniak J, Aden N, Denton C, Abraham D, Stratton R, Khan K, Hoyles R, Shiwen X, Ong V, Abraham D, Denton C, Bhagat S, Drummond T, Goh C, Busch R, Hall F, Meyer P, Moinzadeh P, Krieg T, Hellmich M, Brinckmann J, Neumann E, Mueller-Ladner U, Kreuter A, Dumitresco D, Rosenkranz S, Hunzelmann N, Binai N, Huegle T, van Laar J, Shiwen X, Sonnylal S, Tam A, Jones H, Stratton R, Leask A, Norman J, Denton C, de Crombrugghe B, Abraham D, Chighizola CB, Luigi Meroni P, Coghlan G, Denton C, Ong V, Newton F, Shiwen X, Denton C, Abraham D, Stratton R, Derrett-Smith EC, Dooley A, Baliga R, Hobbs A, MacAllister R, Abraham D, Denton C, Futema M, Pantelidis P, Renzoni E, Schreiber BE, Ong V, Coghlan GJ, Denton C, Wells AU, Welsh K, Abraham D, Fonseca C, Futema M, Ponticos M, Pantelidis P, Wells A, Denton C, Abraham D, Fonseca C, Denton C, Guillevin L, Krieg T, Schwierin B, Rosenberg D, Silkey M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Parapuram S, Shi-wen X, Denton C, Abraham D, Leask A, Nihtyanova S, Ahmed Abdi B, Khan K, Abraham D, Denton C, Khan K, Denton C, Xu S, Ong V. Scleroderma and related disorders: 223. Long Term Outcome in a Contemporary Systemic Sclerosis Cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Haque S, Loizidou M, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Farooqui N, Welch H, Ogunbiyi O, Growcott J, Dashwood M. 161 Localisation and characterisation of ET-1 binding to human colorectal cancers and evaluation of the orally active ETA receptor antagonist zibotentan (ZD4054). EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yazdani R, Abhishek A, Fiona P, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Khan K, Hoyles RK, Shiwen X, Derrett-Smith E, Abraham D, Denton CP, Ottewell L, Walker K, Griffiths B, Ali Nazarinia M, Abbasi N, Karimi A, Amiri A, Derrett-Smith EC, Baliga R, Dooley A, Khan K, Shi-Wen X, Abraham D, Denton CP, Stretton K, Shukla S, Hall F, Nandagudi A, Kingsley G, Scott D, Stratton R, Nandagudi A, Shiwen X, Leask A, Denton CP, Abraham D, Stratton R, Denton CP, Guillevin L, Krieg T, Schwierin B, Rosenberg D, Silkey M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Jones H, Derrett-Smith E, Shiwen X, Khan K, Denton CP, Abraham D, Bou-Gharios G, So P, Shiwen X, Renzoni E, Denton C, Wells A, Abraham D. Scleroderma and Related Disorders [202-212]: 202. Multi-Centre Audit of Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis with IV Cyclophosphamide. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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O'Connell AE, Kerepesi LA, Vandergrift GL, Herbert DR, VAN Winkle TJ, Hooper DC, Pearce EJ, Abraham D. IL-4(-/-) mice with lethal Mesocestoides corti infections--reduced Th2 cytokines and alternatively activated macrophages. Parasite Immunol 2010; 31:741-9. [PMID: 19891612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protection against Mesocestoides corti, a cestode that invades vital organs, is dependent on the production of IL-4, as IL-4(-/-) mice were found to have higher parasite burdens when compared with wild-type mice. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of IL-4 in immunity to M. corti, focusing on the immunological profile and on potential mediators of pathology. IL-4(-/-) mice infected with M. corti showed 100% mortality by 32 days, whereas wild-type mice survived for approximately 1 year. Parasite burdens were significantly increased in the liver, peritoneal, and thoracic cavities of IL-4(-/-) mice, associated with impaired recruitment of inflammatory cells and a reduction in monocytes and macrophages. IL-5 production by splenocytes and expression in liver tissue was decreased in infected IL-4(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, IL-4(-/-) mice produced increased amounts of IFNgamma and TNFalpha. Alternatively activated macrophages were a major feature of liver granulomas in wild-type mice evidenced by Arginase I expression, while livers from infected IL-4(-/-) mice showed impaired alternative macrophage activation without increased classical macrophage activation. Thus, lethality during M. corti infection of IL-4(-/-) mice is associated with decreased Th2 cytokines, increased Th1 cytokines and impairment of alternatively activated macrophages.
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Haque S, Heetun M, Farooqui N, Loizidou M, Dashwood M, Shiwen X, Abraham D. Abstract B190: Efficacy of the specific ETA receptor antagonist zibotentan (ZD4054) in cancer cells and fibroblasts from colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-b190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to growth and progression of solid cancers, mainly through endothelin receptor A (ETAR). Therefore endothelin receptor antagonism is emerging as a potential treatment for neoplasms. We evaluated the efficacy of the specific ETAR antagonist zibotentan (ZD4054) in blocking ET-driven cellular effects in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cell lines (HT29, SW620) and primary normal fibroblast strains isolated from human colorectal tissues (CF36, CF56, CF65, CF75) were incubated in ET-1 with/without BQ123, zibotentan (ETAR antagonists), BQ788 (ETBR antagonist). Resultant cell growth was measured by the colourimetric methylene blue assay; migration by a modified monolayer scratch assay; contraction in collagen gels; downstream effectors by western blotting. ET-1 driven growth (18%–45% above control) was significantly inhibited (p<0.01) by ETAR (not ETBR) antagonism (BQ123=zibotentan CRC; fibroblasts). ET-1 driven fibroblast migration and contraction were blocked by ETAR and ETBR antagonism (zibotentan=BQ123). CRC cells did not migrate or contract. ET-1-stimulated expression of downstream effectors was driven by ETAR or ETBR, eg: (1) connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was blocked by ETAR antagonism (zibotentan>BQ123; CRC and fibroblasts); (2) collagen XI was blocked by ETAR>ETBR antagonism (zibotentan>BQ123; fibroblasts). The specific ETAR antagonist zibotentan is at least as efficacious as BQ123 in blocking ET-1 driven growth, migration and contraction both in CRC cells and colorectal fibroblasts, which form the supporting tumor stroma. Zibotentan is a strong candidate for adjuvant treatment in CRC.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B190.
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Abraham D, Couldwell WT. Bilateral testicular enlargement and seminoma in a patient with acromegaly. Br J Neurosurg 2009; 18:629-31. [PMID: 15799199 DOI: 10.1080/02688690400022797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) excess has been associated with soft tissue changes and an increase in the incidence of colonic polyps and gastrointestinal cancer. We describe a patient with endogenous GH excess caused by a pituitary tumour, resulting in acromegaly. The patient had bilateral testicular enlargement, with tumour of the right testicle. Pituitary MRI revealed a macroadenoma. After resection of the pituitary tumour, GH levels fell below 0.5 ng/ml, with acromegaly resolution. Testicular resection revealed seminoma. Following acromegaly resolution, the enlarged remaining testicle decreased in size. The implications of the testicular enlargement and seminoma in the presence of a GH-secreting tumour are discussed.
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Aharinejad S, Thomas A, Singer C, Kubista E, Paulus P, Miksovsky A, Abraham D. Significance of serum colony-stimulating factor-1 as a breast cancer marker. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11071 Background: A specific and sensitive biomarker that indicates the presence of breast cancer is highly desirable, yet available markers are of limited value. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is involved in mammary gland development and mediates breast cancer progression. Earlier work indicated correlation of serum CSF-1 with breast cancer staging, and a recent report suggests that CSF-1 is a potential breast cancer marker, however the data reported so far await validation. Methods: In a prospective study in 799 women with no history of malignant disease undergoing surgery, serum CSF-1 levels were measured by a commercially available ELISA. In this cohort, 312 patients had breast cancer and 487 age-matched women had benign tumors. The tumor size, nodal and metastasis status, histological tumor type, hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and menopausal status were evaluated. Mean CSF-1 serum concentrations were compared between the patient groups by non-parametric Wilcoxon two-sample and Kruskal-Wallis test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated by logistic regression. Results: Mean serum CSF-1 concentrations were significantly higher in all patients with malignant tumors (502±429 pg/mL) as compared to those with benign tumors (382±344 pg/mL) (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon). Increased CSF-1 concentrations were significantly related to malignant versus non-malignant disease in logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis (p<0.0001, AUC=0.6). Increased CSF-1 levels in patients with malignant tumors were associated with postmenopausal (p=0.0038) but not premenopausal (p=0.94) status (Wilcoxon). Serum CSF-1 concentrations did not correlate significantly with tumor size, nodal and metastasis status, hormone receptor and HER2 status of patients (Kruskal-Wallis). Conclusions: Our data suggest that serum CSF-1 could serve as a breast cancer marker in postmenopausal women. While its serum levels are not related to breast cancer stage at diagnosis, they might be useful for breast cancer screening in postmenopausal women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Abstract
It is now two decades since it was demonstrated that ET-1 is one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors in biology. ET-1 mediates its effects through two membrane G-protein coupled receptors, ET(A) and ET(B), which exhibit a wide tissue distribution including the endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. In recent years, ET-1 has been identified as a key player of endothelial dysfunction in various cardiovascular, autoimmune and CTDs. Endothelial dysfunction results from endothelial cell injury subsequently leading to the generation of an inflammatory process and endothelial cell activation. Thus, beyond its known 'classical' vasoactive effects, ET-1 is additionally considered to be an important mediator in vessel remodelling ultimately leading to major changes in cellular and tissue architecture; it also appears to function in conjunction with other growth factors and cytokines. Consequently, ET-1 receptor antagonists may be useful in ameliorating progression of vascular dysfunction and vascular disease due to their ability to negatively modulate vasoconstrictor pathways, cytokines and inflammatory markers production, and growth factor effects. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the role of ETs in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease, with a particular emphasis on ET-1 in CTDs.
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Abraham D. Connective tissue growth factor: growth factor, matricellular organizer, fibrotic biomarker or molecular target for anti-fibrotic therapy in SSc? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 47 Suppl 5:v8-9. [PMID: 18784153 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SSc is characterized by enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) production resulting in excessive scarring and replacement fibrosis affecting the interstitial and vascular compartments of multiple organs. Although the precise molecular mechanisms driving fibrosis remain elusive, TGF-beta and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), are considered key mediators. CTGF is over-expressed in lesional tissue and enhanced levels in the circulation are an indicator of disease extent and severity. Rapidly induced by TGF-beta and ET-1, CTGF activates several signal transduction pathways via surface receptors that modulate the functional activities of fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In vivo, over-expression of CTGF causes ECM accumulation and promotes tissue fibrosis. In animal models of SSc, neutralization of CTGF with antibody blockade or siRNA, suppresses fibrogenesis. This article examines the role of CTGF as an integrator of extracellular signals, fibrotic biomarker and discusses the potential value of CTGF antagonism as a therapeutic strategy in SSc.
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Abraham D, Messina M, Robinson B, Sidhu S. 177. Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Outcomes in the Era of Mutation Analysis. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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