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Han H, Nam S, Seo J, Lee C, Kim H, Bradley DDC, Ha CS, Kim Y. Broadband All-Polymer Phototransistors with Nanostructured Bulk Heterojunction Layers of NIR-Sensing n-Type and Visible Light-Sensing p-Type Polymers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16457. [PMID: 26563576 PMCID: PMC4643233 DOI: 10.1038/srep16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 'broadband light-sensing' all-polymer phototransistors with the nanostructured bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers of visible (VIS) light-sensing electron-donating (p-type) polymer and near infrared (NIR) light-sensing electron-accepting (n-type) polymer. Poly[{2,5-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis-(thien-2-yl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl}-co-{2,2'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]-5,5'-diyl}] (PEHTPPD-BT), which is synthesized via Suzuki coupling and employed as the n-type polymer, shows strong optical absorption in the NIR region (up to 1100 nm) in the presence of weak absorption in the VIS range (400~600 nm). To strengthen the VIS absorption, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is introduced as the p-type polymer. All-polymer phototransistors with the BHJ (P3HT:PEHTPPD-BT) layers, featuring a peculiar nano-domain morphology, exhibit typical p-type transistor characteristics and efficiently detect broadband (VIS~NIR) lights. The maximum corrected responsivity (without contribution of dark current) reaches up to 85~88% (VIS) and 26~40% (NIR) of theoretical responsivity. The charge separation process between P3HT and PEHTPPD-BT components in the highest occupied molecular orbital is proposed as a major working mechanism for the effective NIR sensing.
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Perevedentsev A, Stavrinou PN, Bradley DDC, Smith P. Solution-Crystallization and Related Phenomena in 9,9-Dialkyl-Fluorene Polymers. I. Crystalline Polymer-Solvent Compound Formation for Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:1481-1491. [PMID: 26435576 PMCID: PMC4584509 DOI: 10.1002/polb.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-solvent compound formation, occurring via co-crystallization of polymer chains and selected small-molecular species, is demonstrated for the conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) and a range of organic solvents. The resulting crystallization and gelation processes in PFO solutions are studied by differential scanning calorimetry, with X-ray diffraction providing additional information on the resulting microstructure. It is shown that PFO-solvent compounds comprise an ultra-regular molecular-level arrangement of the semiconducting polymer host and small-molecular solvent guest. Crystals form following adoption of the planar-zigzag β-phase chain conformation, which, due to its geometry, creates periodic cavities that accommodate the ordered inclusion of solvent molecules of matching volume. The findings are formalized in terms of nonequilibrium temperature–composition phase diagrams. The potential applications of these compounds and the new functionalities that they might enable are also discussed. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1481–1491
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Perevedentsev A, Stavrinou PN, Smith P, Bradley DDC. Solution-crystallization and related phenomena in 9,9-dialkyl-fluorene polymers. II. Influence of side-chain structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2015; 53:1492-1506. [PMID: 27546983 PMCID: PMC4975719 DOI: 10.1002/polb.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solution-crystallization is studied for two polyfluorene polymers possessing different side-chain structures. Thermal analysis and temperature-dependent optical spectroscopy are used to clarify the nature of the crystallization process, while X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy reveal important differences in the resulting microstructures. It is shown that the planar-zigzag chain conformation termed the β-phase, which is observed for certain linear-side-chain polyfluorenes, is necessary for the formation of so-called polymer-solvent compounds for these polymers. Introduction of alternating fluorene repeat units with branched side-chains prevents formation of the β-phase conformation and results in non-solvated, i.e. melt-crystallization-type, polymer crystals. Unlike non-solvated polymer crystals, for which the chain conformation is stabilized by its incorporation into a crystalline lattice, the β-phase conformation is stabilized by complexation with solvent molecules and, therefore, its formation does not require specific inter-chain interactions. The presented results clarify the fundamental differences between the β-phase and other conformational/crystalline forms of polyfluorenes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1492-1506.
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Nam S, Woo S, Seo J, Kim WH, Kim H, McNeill CR, Shin TJ, Bradley DDC, Kim Y. Pronounced Cosolvent Effects in Polymer:Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Sulfur-Rich Electron-Donating and Imide-Containing Electron-Accepting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15995-16002. [PMID: 26182427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of solar cells with a polymer:polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure, consisting of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) donor and poly[[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD-T2)) acceptor polymers, was investigated as a function of cosolvent (p-xylene:chlorobenzene (pXL:CB)) composition ratio. A remarkable efficiency improvement (∼38%) was achieved by spin-coating the photoactive blend layer from pXL:CB = 80:20 (volume) rather than pXL alone, but the efficiency then decreased when the CB content increased further to pXL:CB = 60:40. The improved efficiency was correlated with a particular PTB7-Th:P(NDI2OD-T2) donor-acceptor blend nanostructure, evidenced by a fiber-like surface morphology, a red-shifted optical absorption, and enhanced PL quenching. Further device optimization for pXL:CB = 80:20 films yielded a power conversion efficiency of ∼5.4%. However, these devices showed very poor stability (∼15 min for a 50% reduction in initial efficiency), owing specifically to degradation of the PTB7-Th donor-component. Replacing PTB7-Th with a more stable donor polymer will be essential for any application potential to be realized.
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Perumal A, Faber H, Yaacobi-Gross N, Pattanasattayavong P, Burgess C, Jha S, McLachlan MA, Stavrinou PN, Anthopoulos TD, Bradley DDC. High-efficiency, solution-processed, multilayer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a copper thiocyanate hole-injection/hole-transport layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:93-100. [PMID: 25382072 PMCID: PMC4315901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is introduced as a hole-injection/hole-transport layer (HIL/HTL) for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The OLED devices reported here with CuSCN as HIL/HTL perform significantly better than equivalent devices fabricated with a PEDOT:PSS HIL/HTL, and solution-processed, phosphorescent, small-molecule, green OLEDs with maximum luminance ≥10 000 cd m(-2) , maximum luminous efficiency ≤50 cd A(-1) , and maximum luminous power efficiency ≤55 lm W(-1) are demonstrated.
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Shoaee S, Mehraeen S, Labram JG, Brédas JL, Bradley DDC, Coropceanu V, Anthopoulos TD, Durrant JR. Correlating Non-Geminate Recombination with Film Structure: A Comparison of Polythiophene: Fullerene Bilayer and Blend Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3669-3676. [PMID: 26278735 DOI: 10.1021/jz5018575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of the active layer in polymer:fullerene solar cells is a key parameter in determining their performance. In this study we monitor the charge carrier dynamics in bilayers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (fabricated by sequential spin coating and vacuum deposition) before and after thermal annealing, and compare these against conventional solution processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend films. Transmission electron microscopy images, supported by field effect mobility data show that while not-annealed P3HT/PC61BM bilayers possess a sharp interface, intermixing proceeds upon annealing. Transient absorption studies indicate that the not-annealed bilayer yields fewer, but longer lived, charge carriers compared to the BHJ. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations further suggest that the difference in non-geminate recombination dynamics observed for the BHJ and bilayer films could be related to the confinement of charge carriers to the interface, with the lower dimensionality for the flat interface bilayer films relative to the intercalated donor-acceptor network BHJ films leading to lower recombination.
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Abstract
Summing up the scientific content of a Faraday discussion meeting in a short paper is an impossible task and therefore, I have tried simply to draw-out a few more-general themes relating to the presentations made and the exciting research field that encompasses them.
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Kéna-Cohen S, Stavrinou PN, Bradley DDC, Maier SA. Confined surface plasmon-polariton amplifiers. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1323-1329. [PMID: 23413778 DOI: 10.1021/nl400134v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the realization of confined surface plasmon polariton amplifiers using a thin layer of the organic gain medium 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran dispersed in a tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum matrix. Complete loss compensation, which occurs at a pump fluence of approximately 200 μJ/cm(2), is directly observed in the time domain and studied for a range of waveguide lengths. The power dependence is also reported, and a significant net gain of 93 dB/mm is observed at the highest fluence.
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Wakahara T, D'Angelo P, Miyazawa K, Nemoto Y, Ito O, Tanigaki N, Bradley DDC, Anthopoulos TD. Fullerene/cobalt porphyrin hybrid nanosheets with ambipolar charge transporting characteristics. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7204-6. [PMID: 22515598 DOI: 10.1021/ja211951v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular nanoarchitecture, comprising C(60)/Co porphyrin nanosheets, was prepared by a simple liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method and fully characterized by means of optical microscopy, AFM, STEM, TEM, and XRD. It is established that the highly crystalline C(60)/Co porphyrin nanosheets have a simple (1:1) stoichiometry, and when incorporated in bottom-gate, bottom-contact field-effect transistors (FETs), they show ambipolar charge transport characteristics.
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Kéna-Cohen S, Wiener A, Sivan Y, Stavrinou PN, Bradley DDC, Horsfield A, Maier SA. Plasmonic sinks for the selective removal of long-lived states. ACS NANO 2011; 5:9958-65. [PMID: 22032601 DOI: 10.1021/nn203754v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of plasmonic nanostructures for the removal of unwanted long-lived states is investigated. We show that the total decay rate of such a state can be increased by up to 4 orders of magnitude, as compared to its intrinsic radiative decay rate, while leaving other neighboring optical transitions unaffected. For the specific case of molecular triplet excited states, we show that the use of a "plasmonic sink" has the potential to reduce photobleaching and ground-state depletion by at least 2 orders of magnitude. We consider, in addition, the impact of such structures on the performance of organic semiconductor lasers and show that, under realistic device conditions, plasmonic sinks have the capacity to increase the achievable laser repetition rate by a factor equal to the triplet decay rate enhancement. We conclude by studying the effect of exciton diffusion on the triplet density in the presence of metallic nanoparticles.
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James DT, Kjellander BKC, Smaal WTT, Gelinck GH, Combe C, McCulloch I, Wilson R, Burroughes JH, Bradley DDC, Kim JS. Thin-film morphology of inkjet-printed single-droplet organic transistors using polarized Raman spectroscopy: effect of blending TIPS-pentacene with insulating polymer. ACS NANO 2011; 5:9824-9835. [PMID: 22032725 DOI: 10.1021/nn203397m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report thin-film morphology studies of inkjet-printed single-droplet organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using angle-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy. We show this to be an effective technique to determine the degree of molecular order as well as to spatially resolve the orientation of the conjugated backbones of the 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pentacene) molecules. The addition of an insulating polymer, polystyrene (PS), does not disrupt the π-π stacking of the TIPS-Pentacene molecules. Blending in fact improves the uniformity of the molecular morphology and the active layer coverage within the device and reduces the variation in molecular orientation between polycrystalline domains. For OTFT performance, blending enhances the saturation mobility from 0.22 ± 0.05 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene) to 0.72 ± 0.17 cm(2)/(V·s) (TIPS-Pentacene:PS) in addition to improving the quality of the interface between TIPS-Pentacene and the gate dielectric in the channel, resulting in threshold voltages of ∼0 V and steep subthreshold slopes.
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Faist MA, Kirchartz T, Gong W, Ashraf RS, McCulloch I, de Mello JC, Ekins-Daukes NJ, Bradley DDC, Nelson J. Competition between the Charge Transfer State and the Singlet States of Donor or Acceptor Limiting the Efficiency in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:685-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210029w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leem DS, Edwards A, Faist M, Nelson J, Bradley DDC, de Mello JC. Efficient organic solar cells with solution-processed silver nanowire electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4371-4375. [PMID: 21861269 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Ferenczi TAM, Müller C, Bradley DDC, Smith P, Nelson J, Stingelin N. Organic semiconductor:insulator polymer ternary blends for photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4093-4097. [PMID: 21805508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Agostinelli T, Ferenczi TAM, Pires E, Foster S, Maurano A, Müller C, Ballantyne A, Hampton M, Lilliu S, Campoy-Quiles M, Azimi H, Morana M, Bradley DDC, Durrant J, Macdonald JE, Stingelin N, Nelson J. The role of alkane dithiols in controlling polymer crystallization in small band gap polymer:Fullerene solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsoi WC, James DT, Kim JS, Nicholson PG, Murphy CE, Bradley DDC, Nelson J, Kim JS. The nature of in-plane skeleton Raman modes of P3HT and their correlation to the degree of molecular order in P3HT:PCBM blend thin films. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9834-43. [PMID: 21615087 DOI: 10.1021/ja2013104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nature of main in-plane skeleton Raman modes (C=C and C-C stretch) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in pristine and its blend thin films with [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is studied by resonant and nonresonant Raman spectroscopy and Raman simulations. Under resonant conditions, the ordered phase of P3HT with respect to its disordered phase is identified by (a) a large shift in the C=C mode peak position to lower wavenumber (~21 cm(-1) shift), (b) a narrower fwhm of the C=C mode (~9 cm(-1) narrower), (c) a larger intensity of the C-C mode relative to the C=C mode (~56% larger), and (d) a very small Raman dispersion (~5 cm(-1)) of the C=C mode. The behavior of the C=C and C-C modes of the ordered and disordered phases of P3HT can be explained in terms of different molecular conformations. The C=C mode of P3HT in P3HT:PCBM blend films can be reproduced by simple superposition of the two peaks observed in different phases of P3HT (ordered and disordered). We quantify the molecular order of P3HT after blending with PCBM and the subsequent thermal annealing to be 42 ± 5% and 94 ± 5% in terms of the fraction of ordered P3HT phase, respectively. The increased molecular order of P3HT in blends upon annealing correlates well with enhanced device performance (J(SC), -4.79 to -8.72 mA/cm(2) and PCE, 1.07% to 3.39%). We demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy (particularly under resonant conditions) is a simple and powerful technique to study molecular order of conjugated polymers and their blend films.
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Kanibolotsky AL, Vilela F, Forgie JC, Elmasly SET, Skabara PJ, Zhang K, Tieke B, McGurk J, Belton CR, Stavrinou PN, Bradley DDC. Well-defined and monodisperse linear and star-shaped quaterfluorene-DPP molecules: the significance of conjugation and dimensionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:2093-2097. [PMID: 21462374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Ryu G, Huang J, Hofmann O, Walshe CA, Sze JYY, McClean GD, Mosley A, Rattle SJ, deMello JC, deMello AJ, Bradley DDC. Highly sensitive fluorescence detection system for microfluidic lab-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1664-70. [PMID: 21431240 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00586j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact, low cost and practical fluorescence detection system for lab-on-a-chip applications. The system comprises a commercially available InGaN light emitting diode (501 nm) as light source, an organic or silicon photodiode detector, absorptive dye coated colour filters and linear and reflective polarisers. An injection moulded polystyrene microfluidic chip is used as the platform for fluorescence immunoassays for cardiac markers myoglobin and CK-MB. The optical limit of detection (LOD) is measured using a TransFluoSphere® suspension at 5.6 × 10(4) beads µl(-1) which can be equated to ∼3 nM fluorescein equivalent concentration. The LOD for the human plasma immunoassays is measured as 1.5 ng ml(-1) for both myoglobin and CK-MB.
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Hwang H, Kim H, Nam S, Bradley DDC, Ha CS, Kim Y. Organic phototransistors with nanoscale phase-separated polymer/polymer bulk heterojunction layers. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2275-2279. [PMID: 21494707 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost detectors for sensing photons at a low light intensity are of crucial importance in modern science. Phototransistors can deliver better signals of low-intensity light by electrical amplification, but conventional inorganic phototransistors have a limitation owing to their high temperature processes in vacuum. In this work, we demonstrate organic phototransistors with polymer/polymer bulk heterojunction blend films (mixtures of p-type and n-type semiconducting polymers), which can be fabricated by inexpensive solution processes at room temperature. The key idea here is to effectively exploit hole charges (from p-type polymer) as major signaling carriers by employing p-type transistor geometry, while the n-type polymer helps efficient charge separation from excitons generated by incoming photons. Results showed that the present organic transistors exhibited proper functions as p-type phototransistors with ∼4.3 A W(-1) responsivity at a low light intensity (1 µW cm(-2)), which supports their encouraging potential to replace conventional cooled charge coupled devices (CCD) for low-intensity light detection applications.
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Adamopoulos G, Thomas S, Wöbkenberg PH, Bradley DDC, McLachlan MA, Anthopoulos TD. High-mobility low-voltage ZnO and Li-doped ZnO transistors based on ZrO₂ high-k dielectric grown by spray pyrolysis in ambient air. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1894-1898. [PMID: 21432911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Wöbkenberg PH, Eda G, Leem DS, de Mello JC, Bradley DDC, Chhowalla M, Anthopoulos TD. Reduced graphene oxide electrodes for large area organic electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1558-1562. [PMID: 21360779 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Agostinelli T, Ferenczi TAM, Pires E, Foster S, Maurano A, Müller C, Ballantyne A, Hampton M, Lilliu S, Campoy-Quiles M, Azimi H, Morana M, Bradley DDC, Durrant J, Macdonald JE, Stingelin N, Nelson J. The role of alkane dithiols in controlling polymer crystallization in small band gap polymer:Fullerene solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Tsoi WC, Spencer SJ, Yang L, Ballantyne AM, Nicholson PG, Turnbull A, Shard AG, Murphy CE, Bradley DDC, Nelson J, Kim JS. Effect of Crystallization on the Electronic Energy Levels and Thin Film Morphology of P3HT:PCBM Blends. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keivanidis PE, Kamm V, Dyer-Smith C, Zhang W, Laquai F, McCulloch I, Bradley DDC, Nelson J. Delayed luminescence spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic binary blend films: Probing the emissive non-geminate charge recombination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5183-5187. [PMID: 20878629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Leem DS, Kim S, Kim JW, Sohn JI, Edwards A, Huang J, Wang X, Kim JJ, Bradley DDC, Demello JC. Rapid patterning of single-wall carbon nanotubes by interlayer lithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2530-2534. [PMID: 20957620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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