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Borrero S, Grady C, Schwarz E, Emeremni C, Moore C, Zite N. Is prior unintended pregnancy associated with less sterilization regret? Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Borrero S, Schwarz E, Zhao X, Mor M, Gellad W. Contraceptive adherence in the VA Healthcare System. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rapkin R, Baldauf E, Parisi S, Berkhoudt K, Updike G, Schwarz E. Effect of structured contraceptive counseling on contraceptive knowledge and use following walk-in visits for pregnancy testing or emergency contraception. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Forrester MB, Kleinschmidt K, Schwarz E, Young A. Synthetic cannabinoid and marijuana exposures reported to poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1006-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111421945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schwarz E, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Wang L, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Bogerts B, Koethe D, Kranaster L, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, McAllister G, Spain M, Barnes A, van Beveren NJM, Baron-Cohen S, Steiner J, Torrey FE, Yolken RH, Bahn S. Identification of a biological signature for schizophrenia in serum. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:494-502. [PMID: 21483431 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are now used in many areas of medicine but are still lacking for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ). We have used a multiplex molecular profiling approach to measure serum concentrations of 181 proteins and small molecules in 250 first and recent onset SCZ, 35 major depressive disorder (MDD), 32 euthymic bipolar disorder (BPD), 45 Asperger syndrome and 280 control subjects. Preliminary analysis resulted in identification of a signature comprised of 34 analytes in a cohort of closely matched SCZ (n=71) and control (n=59) subjects. Partial least squares discriminant analysis using this signature gave a separation of 60-75% of SCZ subjects from controls across five independent cohorts. The same analysis also gave a separation of ~50% of MDD patients and 10-20% of BPD and Asperger syndrome subjects from controls. These results demonstrate for the first time that a biological signature for SCZ can be identified in blood serum. This study lays the groundwork for development of a diagnostic test that can be used as an aid for distinguishing SCZ subjects from healthy controls and from those affected by related psychiatric illnesses with overlapping symptoms.
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Bahn S, Schwarz E. Serumbiomarker für psychiatrische Erkrankungen. DER NERVENARZT 2011; 82:1395-6, 1398, 1400 passim. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-011-3346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Goland S, Siegel RJ, Burton K, De Robertis MA, Rafique A, Schwarz E, Zivari K, Mirocha J, Trento A, Czer LSC. Changes in left and right ventricular function of donor hearts during the first year after heart transplantation. Heart 2011; 97:1681-6. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.220871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Patel J, Moriguchi J, Stimpson E, Reinsmoen N, Reed E, Kawano M, Goldstein Z, Rafiei M, Hamilton M, Schwarz E, Kobashigawa J. 518 Success of Desensitization Protocol in Reducing Calculated Panel Reactive Antibodies in a Large Cohort of Sensitized Heart Transplant Candidates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Patel J, Kittleson M, Kawano M, Goldstein Z, Rafiei M, Barry O, Hamilton M, Schwarz E, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. 528 Does Gender Mismatch Increase the Risk of Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR) after Heart Transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Phan A, Czer L, Rafiei M, Pixton J, Mirocha J, Schwarz E, De Robertis M, Coleman B, Luthringer D, Vespignani R, Ruzza A, Yanagida R, Kass R, Trento A. 416 Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Induction Therapy after Heart Transplantation: Impact on Rejection Rates, Survival, and CMV Infection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kittleson M, Patel J, Kawano M, Goldstein Z, Rafiei M, Reinsmoen N, Reed E, Hage A, Schwarz E, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. 44 Timing of the Development of Donor Specific Antibody after Heart Transplantation Impacts Long-Term Outcome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Morrissey R, Czer L, Kittleson M, Patel J, Schwarz E, Jamero G, Kawano M, Rafiei M, Azarbal B, Trento A, Kobashigawa J. 147 Induction vs. Non-Induction in Heart Transplantation: The Controversy Continues. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Weber FP, Schwarz E, Hellenschmied R. SPONTANEOUS INOCULATION OF MELANOTIC SARCOMA FROM MOTHER TO FOETUS: REPORT OF A CASE. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:537-9. [PMID: 20775346 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3611.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Curtis B, Warren E, Pollicino C, Evans RW, Schwarz E, Sbaraini A. The Monitor Practice Programme: is non-invasive management of dental caries in private practice cost-effective? Aust Dent J 2011; 56:48-55. [PMID: 21332740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a non-invasive approach to dental caries management in private dental practice. METHODS Private dental practices from a variety of locations in New South Wales were randomly allocated to either non-invasive management of caries, or continue with usual care. Patients were followed for three years and caries incidence assessed. A patient-level decision analytic model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention at two years, three years, and hypothetical lifetime. RESULTS Twenty-two dental practices and 920 patients were recruited. Within the clinical trial there was a significant difference in caries increment favouring non-invasive therapy at both two and three years. Efficacy was independent of age, gender, medical concerns, fluoride history, or previous history of dental caries, in a population of patients attending for treatment in private dental practices, in a variety of locations both urban and rural. Cost per DMFT avoided estimate was A$1287.07 (two years), A$1148.91 (three years) decreasing to A$702.52 in (medium) and A$545.93 (high) risk patients (three years). CONCLUSIONS A joint preventive and non-invasive therapeutic approach appears to be cost-effective in patients at medium and high risk of developing dental caries when compared to the standard care provided by private dental practice.
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Schwarz E, Grauel † EL, Wauer R. Kein Anstieg von Inzidenz, Therapie- und Erblindungsrate der Retinopathia praematurorum in einem universitären Perinatalzentrum Level 1 – eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie von 1978 – 2007. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schwarz E, Grauel † EL, Wauer R. Kein Anstieg von Inzidenz, Therapie- und Erblindungsrate der Retinopathia praematurorum in einem universitären Perinatalzentrum Level 1 - eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie von 1978 - 2007. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010; 228:208-19. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schwarz Z, Kössel H, Schwarz E, Bogorad L. A gene coding for tRNA is located near 5' terminus of 16S rRNA gene in Zea mays chloroplast genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 78:4748-52. [PMID: 16593071 PMCID: PMC320240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A region of 635 base pairs preceding a gene for 16S rRNA in the Zea mays chloroplast genome has been mapped and its sequence has been determined. Screening for structural elements common to tRNAs reveals a gene coding for tRNA(Val) (GU(U) (C)) positioned 303 base pairs proximal to the 5' end of the 16S rRNA gene. Both the tRNA(Val) and the 16S rRNA are coded in the same DNA strand. The tRNA nucleotide sequence predicted from the DNA sequence meets all structural characteristics common to tRNA primary and secondary structures. In a quantitative comparison with primary structures of the 14 known tRNA(Val) species the chloroplast isoaceptor shows much higher homology with that from prokaryotic than that from eukaryotic species. Regions that Escherichia coli RNA polymerase protects from nuclease attack are observed 25 and 100 base pairs upstream of the tRNA(Val) gene and 105 base pairs upstream of the 16S rRNA gene. Within these regions are short sequences that are very similar to those in the -35 region of E. coli rrn and that may therefore represent all or parts of transcription initiation signals of the respective genes.
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Oelschläger W, Feyler L, Schwarz E. Fluorgehalte in Weichgeweben, Blut und Milch von Wiederkäuern außerhalb und in Fluoremissionsgebieten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1972.tb00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Herberth M, Krzyszton DN, Koethe D, Craddock MR, Bulger E, Schwarz E, Guest P, Leweke FM, Bahn S. Differential effects on T-cell function following exposure to serum from schizophrenia smokers. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:364-71. [PMID: 19002140 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is more prevalent in subjects with schizophrenia compared to those with other psychiatric disorders or the general population and could therefore affect molecular pathways that impact the pathophysiology of this disorder. As smoking is also known to suppress immune responses, we investigated the effects of 'smoking-conditioned' serum obtained from schizophrenia and control subjects on healthy T cell in vitro. We found that T-cell proliferation was significantly increased following exposure to serum from smoking schizophrenia patients whereas no effect was observed when using serum from smoking control subjects or non-smoking patients and controls. We eliminated the possibility that these effects were due to quantitative differences in cigarette consumption as serum levels of the stable nicotine metabolite cotinine were similar in schizophrenic and control smokers. Molecular characterization showed that serum from patient smokers increased expression of T-cell activation markers CD69(high), CD25(high), co-stimulatory molecules CD26+, CD27+ and CD28+, and decreased T-cell receptor complex components TCRalpha/beta and CD3. Moreover, analysis of supernatants collected after T-cell exposure to serum from smoking patients showed a time-dependent decline in interleukin (IL)-2 levels, suggesting that the proliferation effect is promoted by enhanced IL-2 processing. These results suggest that cigarette smoking has selective effects on serum components that, in turn, lead to altered immune function in schizophrenia patients relative to healthy subjects. Further studies aimed at characterizing these components could result in a better understanding of the onset and aetiology of schizophrenia and potentially lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Wang L, Lockstone HE, Guest PC, Levin Y, Palotás A, Pietsch S, Schwarz E, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Ma D, Bahn S. Expression profiling of fibroblasts identifies cell cycle abnormalities in schizophrenia. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:521-7. [PMID: 19916557 DOI: 10.1021/pr900867x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have attempted to gain insight into the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia by studying postmortem brain tissues of schizophrenia patients. However, such analyses can be confounded by artifactual features of this approach such as lengthy agonal state and postmortem interval times. As several aspects of schizophrenia are also manifested at the peripheral level in proliferating cell types, we have studied the disorder through systematic transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of skin fibroblasts biopsied from living patients. We performed comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling to characterize skin fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Transcriptomic profiling using cDNA array technology showed that pathways associated with cell cycle regulation and RNA processing were altered in the schizophrenia subjects (n = 12) relative to controls (n = 12). LC-MS(E) proteomic profiling led to identification of 16 proteins that showed significant differences in expression between schizophrenia (n = 11) and control (n = 11) subjects. Analysis in silico revealed that these proteins were also associated with proliferation and cell growth pathways. To validate these findings at the protein level, fibroblast protein extracts were analyzed by Western blotting which confirmed the differential expression of three key proteins associated with these pathways. At the functional level, we confirmed the decreased proliferation phenotype by showing that cultured fibroblasts from schizophrenia subjects (n = 5) incorporated less (3)H-thymidine into their nuclei compared to those from controls (n = 6) by day 4 over an 8 day time course study. Similar abnormalities in cell cycle and growth pathways have been reported to occur in the central nervous system in schizophrenia. These studies demonstrate that fibroblasts obtained from living schizophrenia subjects show alterations in cellular proliferation and growth pathways. Future studies aimed at characterizing such pathways in fibroblasts and other proliferating cell types from schizophrenia patients could elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provide a useful model to support drug discovery efforts.
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von Einem S, Schwarz E, Rudolph R. A novel TWO-STEP renaturation procedure for efficient production of recombinant BMP-2. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 73:65-9. [PMID: 20302941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) stimulate bone formation and thus constitute important protein therapeutics. Here, a novel procedure is presented which allows fast and efficient production of biologically active BMP-2 via a TWO-STEP procedure: the conditions are designed such that the first step favors formation of monomeric species with the correct intramolecular disulfide bridges, the conditions of the second folding reaction stimulate the formation of the intermolecular disulfide bridge. The short processing times and increased yields compared to previously published procedures allow low-cost production of this important protein drug.
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Rüther KW, Hinz B, Schwarz E. Operative Behandlung des Retraktionssyndroms nach Stilling-Türk-Duane. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reeves M, Borrero S, Schwarz E, Behringer T, Noguchi L, Roberts M, Creinin M. O790 Pregnancy after tubal sterilization in the United States. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bauer A, Schwarz E, Mai C. Environmental medicine or psychiatry? Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:569-70; author reply 571-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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