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Arimizu Y, Kirino Y, Sato MP, Uno K, Sato T, Gotoh Y, Auvray F, Brugere H, Oswald E, Mainil JG, Anklam KS, Döpfer D, Yoshino S, Ooka T, Tanizawa Y, Nakamura Y, Iguchi A, Morita-Ishihara T, Ohnishi M, Akashi K, Hayashi T, Ogura Y. Large-scale genome analysis of bovine commensal Escherichia coli reveals that bovine-adapted E. coli lineages are serving as evolutionary sources of the emergence of human intestinal pathogenic strains. Genome Res 2019; 29:1495-1505. [PMID: 31439690 PMCID: PMC6724679 DOI: 10.1101/gr.249268.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
How pathogens evolve their virulence to humans in nature is a scientific issue of great medical and biological importance. Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) are the major foodborne pathogens that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome and infantile diarrhea, respectively. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)–encoded type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is the major virulence determinant of EPEC and is also possessed by major STEC lineages. Cattle are thought to be the primary reservoir of STEC and EPEC. However, genome sequences of bovine commensal E. coli are limited, and the emerging process of STEC and EPEC is largely unknown. Here, we performed a large-scale genomic comparison of bovine commensal E. coli with human commensal and clinical strains, including EPEC and STEC, at a global level. The analyses identified two distinct lineages, in which bovine and human commensal strains are enriched, respectively, and revealed that STEC and EPEC strains have emerged in multiple sublineages of the bovine-associated lineage. In addition to the bovine-associated lineage-specific genes, including fimbriae, capsule, and nutrition utilization genes, specific virulence gene communities have been accumulated in stx- and LEE-positive strains, respectively, with notable overlaps of community members. Functional associations of these genes probably confer benefits to these E. coli strains in inhabiting and/or adapting to the bovine intestinal environment and drive their evolution to highly virulent human pathogens under the bovine-adapted genetic background. Our data highlight the importance of large-scale genome sequencing of animal strains in the studies of zoonotic pathogens.
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Molan K, Podlesek Z, Hodnik V, Butala M, Oswald E, Žgur Bertok D. The Escherichia coli colibactin resistance protein ClbS is a novel DNA binding protein that protects DNA from nucleolytic degradation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schenk B, Görlinger K, Treml B, Tauber H, Fries D, Niederwanger C, Oswald E, Bachler M. A comparison of the new ROTEM ® sigma with its predecessor, the ROTEMdelta. Anaesthesia 2018; 74:348-356. [PMID: 30575011 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thromboelastometry point-of-care coagulation testing facilitates optimised management of bleeding. Previous thromboelastometry systems required the blood sample and liquid reagents to be pipetted in several manual steps by trained personnel. The ROTEMsigma coagulation analyser is a fully automated point-of-care device. We aimed to assess the reference ranges of the new device and to compare the results with those of the predecessor device, the ROTEMdelta. We took blood from healthy volunteers and from hyper- or hypocoagulable patients; blood samples from healthy volunteers served to determine reference ranges for the most important parameters for the ROTEMsigma: CTEXTEM 48-61 s; A5EXTEM 30-51 mm; MCFEXTEM 54-70 mm; CTINTEM 138-174 s; MCFINTEM 51-67 mm and MCFFIBTEM 5-24 mm. We then used blood samples from patients to compare the results obtained between the old and the new device. We found a strong correlation between the same tests performed on two ROTEMsigma devices and between the ROTEMsigma and the ROTEMdelta with respect to the determination of thromboelastometry parameters of hyper- and hypocoagulable patients (all p < 0.001 and R > 0.8). Performance evaluation for the ROTEMsigma device showed very high precision (R > 0.99, p < 0.001). Our reference ranges can serve as an important aid for other hospitals using this new device.
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Massip C, Mathieu C, Gaudru C, Miaut V, Floch P, Oswald E, Segonds C, Guet-Revillet H. In vitroactivity of seven β-lactams including ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam againstBurkholderia cepaciacomplex,Burkholderia gladioliand other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 74:525-528. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Secher T, Maillet I, Mackowiak C, Le Bérichel J, Philippeau A, Panek C, Boury M, Oswald E, Saoudi A, Erard F, Le Bert M, Quesniaux V, Couturier-Maillard A, Ryffel B. The probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 prevents papain-induced respiratory barrier injury and severe allergic inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11245. [PMID: 30050168 PMCID: PMC6062509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by a strong Th2 and Th17 response with inflammatory cell recruitment, airways hyperreactivity and structural changes in the lung. The protease allergen papain disrupts the airway epithelium triggering a rapid eosinophilic inflammation by innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2) activation, leading to a Th2 immune response. Here we asked whether the daily oral administrations of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) might affect the outcome of the papain protease induced allergic lung inflammation in BL6 mice. We find that ECN gavage significantly prevented the severe allergic response induced by repeated papain challenges and reduced lung inflammatory cell recruitment, Th2 and Th17 response and respiratory epithelial barrier disruption with emphysema and airway hyperreactivity. In conclusion, ECN administration attenuated severe protease induced allergic inflammation, which may be beneficial to prevent allergic asthma.
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Tepshi L, Gupta N, Noel R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Lievin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Retro-2, a small molecule able to protect cells against a broad spectrum of menacing agents: Toxins, viruses, parasites and intracellular bacteria. Toxicon 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Um MM, Brugère H, Kérourédan M, Oswald E, Bibbal D. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, O145:H28 Compared to Escherichia coli Isolated from the Same Adult Cattle. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:852-859. [PMID: 29723122 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of top five enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) to E. coli isolated from the fecal flora of the same adult cattle. Previous prevalence studies had led to the isolation by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of 39 EHEC and 80 EPEC. Seven EHEC were resistant (17.9%), and six were multidrug resistant (MDR) (15.4%). None of the top five EHEC was resistant to azithromycin. Nine EPEC O26:H11 (11.3%) were resistant. They were all resistant to tetracycline, and four were MDR (5.0%). An E. coli strain was isolated from the feces (without preselection by IMS) of 97 bovine carriers of top 5 strains. All these strains were susceptible to antibiotics. Comparative analyses did not reveal any differences between the cytotoxic activities of resistant EHEC and their susceptible counterparts or in the production of attachment and effacement lesions. These results highlighted the higher percentage of resistance of EHEC and EPEC strains compared to other E. coli. They also showed that resistance traits did not have any impact on the expression of virulence phenotypes in EHEC strains.
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Tronnet S, Oswald E. Quantification of Colibactin-associated Genotoxicity in HeLa Cells by In Cell Western (ICW) Using γ-H2AX as a Marker. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2771. [PMID: 34179287 PMCID: PMC8203971 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxin colibactin is produced by several species of Enterobacteriaceae. This genotoxin induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, senescence and death in eukaryotic cells ( Nougayrède et al., 2006 ; Taieb et al., 2016 ). Here we describe a method to quantify the genotoxicity of bacteria producing colibactin following a short infection of cultured mammalian cells with colibactin producing E. coli.
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Bibbal D, Um MM, Diallo AA, Kérourédan M, Dupouy V, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Oswald E, Brugère H. Mixing of Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in a wastewater treatment plant receiving city and slaughterhouse wastewater. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 221:355-363. [PMID: 29307571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater of human and animal may contain Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli. We evaluated the prevalence of such strains in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving both city and slaughterhouse wastewater. PCR screenings were performed on 12,248 E. coli isolates. The prevalence of STEC in city wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater and treated effluent was 0.22%, 0.07% and 0.22%, respectively. The prevalence of EPEC at the same sampling sites was 0.63%, 0.90% and 0.55%. No significant difference was observed between the sampling points. Treatment had no impact on these prevalences. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and O111:H8 were isolated from the treated effluent rejected into the river. The characteristics of STEC and EPEC differed according to their origin. City wastewater contained STEC with various stx subtypes associated with serious human disease, whereas slaughterhouse wastewater contained exclusively STEC with stx2e subtype. All the EPEC strains were classified as atypical and were screened for the ε, γ1 and β1 subtypes, known to be associated with the EHEC mainly involved in human infections in France. In city wastewater, eae subtypes remained largely unidentified; whereas eae-β1 was the most frequent subtype in slaughterhouse wastewater. Moreover, the EPEC isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater were positive for other EHEC-associated virulence markers, including top five serotypes, the ehxA gene, putative adherence genes and OI-122 associated genes. The possibility that city wastewater could contain a pool of stx genes associated with human disease and that slaughterhouse wastewater could contain a pool of EPEC sharing similar virulence genes with EHEC, was highlighted. Mixing of such strains in WWTP could lead to the emergence of EHEC by horizontal gene transfer.
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Pérez-Berezo T, Pujo J, Martin P, Le Faouder P, Galano JM, Guy A, Knauf C, Tabet JC, Tronnet S, Barreau F, Heuillet M, Dietrich G, Bertrand-Michel J, Durand T, Oswald E, Cenac N. Identification of an analgesic lipopeptide produced by the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1314. [PMID: 29101366 PMCID: PMC5670229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) decreases visceral pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Mutation of clbA, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including colibactin, was previously shown to abrogate EcN probiotic activity. Here, we show that EcN, but not an isogenic clbA mutant, produces an analgesic lipopeptide. We characterize lipoamino acids and lipopeptides produced by EcN but not by the mutant by online liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. One of these lipopeptides, C12AsnGABAOH, is able to cross the epithelial barrier and to inhibit calcium flux induced by nociceptor activation in sensory neurons via the GABAB receptor. C12AsnGABAOH inhibits visceral hypersensitivity induced by nociceptor activation in mice. Thus, EcN produces a visceral analgesic, which could be the basis for the development of new visceral pain therapies. Escherichia coli Nissle is a probiotic that decreases visceral pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Here, the authors show that the microbe produces an analgesic lipopeptide, structurally related to GABA, that can cross the gut epithelial barrier and inhibits visceral hypersensitivity in mice.
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Secher T, Kassem S, Benamar M, Bernard I, Boury M, Barreau F, Oswald E, Saoudi A. Oral Administration of the Probiotic Strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Reduces Susceptibility to Neuroinflammation and Repairs Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1096. [PMID: 28959254 PMCID: PMC5603654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an increasing incidence in developed countries. Recent reports suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota might be one promising therapy for MS. Here, we investigated whether the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) could modulate the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. We evidenced that daily oral treatment with ECN, but not with the archetypal K12 E. coli strain MG1655, reduced the severity of EAE induced by immunization with the MOG35-55 peptide. This beneficial effect was associated with a decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and an increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by autoreactive CD4 T cells, both in peripheral lymph nodes and CNS. Interestingly, ECN-treated mice exhibited increased numbers of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells in the periphery contrasting with severely reduced numbers in the CNS, suggesting that ECN might affect T cell migration from the periphery to the CNS through a modulation of their activation and/or differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that EAE is associated with a profound defect in the intestinal barrier function and that treatment with ECN, but not with MG1655, repaired intestinal permeability dysfunction. Collectively, our data reveal that EAE induces a disruption of the intestinal homeostasis and that ECN protects from disease and restores the intestinal barrier function.
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Abreu S, Espírito Santo V, Oleksijew A, Oswald E, Estrada M, Rebelo S, Vaidya K, Schuler J, Alves P, Boghaert E, Brito C. The impact of co-culture of NSCLC tumor cells and fibroblasts on drug response. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx361.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bossuet-Greif N, Belloy M, Boury M, Oswald E, Nougayrede JP. Protocol for HeLa Cells Infection with Escherichia coli Strains Producing Colibactin and Quantification of the Induced DNA-damage. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2520. [PMID: 34541180 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Escherichia coli bearing the pks genomic island synthesize the genotoxin colibactin. Exposure of eukaryotic cells to E. coli producing colibactin induces DNA damages, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest, senescence and death. Here we describe a simple method to demonstrate the genotoxicity of bacteria producing colibactin following a short infection of cultured mammalian cells with pks + E. coli.
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Tronnet S, Garcie C, Brachmann AO, Piel J, Oswald E, Martin P. High iron supply inhibits the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin by pathogenic Escherichia coli through a non-canonical Fur/RyhB-mediated pathway. Pathog Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Tomkovich S, Yang Y, Winglee K, Gauthier J, Mühlbauer M, Sun X, Mohamadzadeh M, Liu X, Martin P, Wang GP, Oswald E, Fodor AA, Jobin C. Locoregional Effects of Microbiota in a Preclinical Model of Colon Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2620-2632. [PMID: 28416491 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and microbiota are critical components of intestinal tumorigenesis. To dissect how the microbiota contributes to tumor distribution, we generated germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ and ApcMin/+ ;Il10-/- mice and exposed them to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) or colorectal cancer-associated bacteria. We found that colon tumorigenesis significantly correlated with inflammation in SPF-housed ApcMin/+ ;Il10-/- , but not in ApcMin/+ mice. In contrast, small intestinal neoplasia development significantly correlated with age in both ApcMin/+ ;Il10-/- and ApcMin/+ mice. GF ApcMin/+ ;Il10-/- mice conventionalized by an SPF microbiota had significantly more colon tumors compared with GF mice. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that while Fusobacterium nucleatum clinical isolates with FadA and Fap2 adhesins failed to induce inflammation and tumorigenesis, pks+Escherichia coli promoted tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ ;Il10-/- model in a colibactin-dependent manner, suggesting colibactin is a driver of carcinogenesis. Our results suggest a distinct etiology of cancers in different locations of the gut, where colon cancer is primarily driven by inflammation and the microbiome, while age is a driving force for small intestine cancer. Cancer Res; 77(10); 2620-32. ©2017 AACR.
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Martin P, Tronnet S, Garcie C, Oswald E. Interplay between siderophores and colibactin genotoxin in
Escherichia coli. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:435-441. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bug D, Schneider S, Grote A, Oswald E, Feuerhake F, Schüler J, Merhof D. Context-Based Normalization of Histological Stains Using Deep Convolutional Features. DEEP LEARNING IN MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS AND MULTIMODAL LEARNING FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67558-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Oswald E, Grote A, Bug D, Löhr A, Lenhardt D, Niedermann G, Merhof D, Feuerhake F, Schüler J. Development and validation of a patient derived xenograft based preclinical platform for immuno-oncology drug development. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gupta N, Noël R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Liévin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Clayette P, Le Grand R, Rayner JO, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Inhibitors of retrograde trafficking active against ricin and Shiga toxins also protect cells from several viruses, Leishmania and Chlamydiales. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 267:96-103. [PMID: 27712998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures to treat biothreat agent infections require broad-spectrum therapeutics that do not induce agent resistance. A cell-based high-throughput screen (HTS) against ricin toxin combined with hit optimization allowed selection of a family of compounds that meet these requirements. The hit compound Retro-2 and its derivatives have been demonstrated to be safe in vivo in mice even at high doses. Moreover, Retro-2 is an inhibitor of retrograde transport that affects syntaxin-5-dependent toxins and pathogens. As a consequence, it has a broad-spectrum activity that has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo against ricin, Shiga toxin-producing O104:H4 entero-hemorrhagic E. coli and Leishmania sp. and in vitro against Ebola, Marburg and poxviruses and Chlamydiales. An effect is anticipated on other toxins or pathogens that use retrograde trafficking and syntaxin-5. Since Retro-2 targets cell components of the host and not directly the pathogen, no selection of resistant pathogens is expected. These lead compounds need now to be developed as drugs for human use.
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Dupouy V, Doublet B, Arpaillange N, Praud K, Bibbal D, Brugère H, Oswald E, Cloeckaert A, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Mélou A. Dominant plasmids carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases bla CTX-M genes in genetically diverse Escherichia coli from slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:789-797. [PMID: 27402421 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receiving effluents from food-producing animals and humans may contribute to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-carrying plasmids. This study was designed to investigate extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli strains, CTX-M distributions and the genetic lineage of blaCTX-M -carrying plasmids from urban and slaughterhouse wastewaters. The level of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli in slaughterhouse wastewater entering the WWTP was negligible compared with that of urban wastewater. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was predominant in slaughterhouse wastewater whereas diverse blaCTX-M genes were encountered in urban wastewater and WWTP outlet. Characterization of the main CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by antibiotic resistance phenotyping, genotyping and typing of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes revealed that blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were harboured by the predominant blaCTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 and blaCTX-M-15 F31:A4:B1 plasmids, which were recovered from unrelated E. coli genotypes in both slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. This study highlighted the spread of predominant blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 plasmid lineages in diverse E. coli genotypes from humans and food-producing animals, their mixing in WWTP and final release into the aquatic environment. This could have a serious negative impact on public health and requires further evaluation.
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Tchioffo MT, Abate L, Boissière A, Nsango SE, Gimonneau G, Berry A, Oswald E, Dubois D, Morlais I. An epidemiologically successful Escherichia coli sequence type modulates Plasmodium falciparum infection in the mosquito midgut. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Garcie C, Tronnet S, Garénaux A, McCarthy AJ, Brachmann AO, Pénary M, Houle S, Nougayrède JP, Piel J, Taylor PW, Dozois CM, Genevaux P, Oswald E, Martin P. The Bacterial Stress-Responsive Hsp90 Chaperone (HtpG) Is Required for the Production of the Genotoxin Colibactin and the Siderophore Yersiniabactin inEscherichia coli. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:916-24. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Taieb F, Petit C, Nougayrède JP, Oswald E. The Enterobacterial Genotoxins: Cytolethal Distending Toxin and Colibactin. EcoSal Plus 2016; 7. [PMID: 27419387 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0008-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and by many chemical compounds and drugs is well characterized, the genotoxic insults inflicted by bacteria are only scarcely documented. However, accumulating evidence indicates that we are exposed to bacterial genotoxins. The prototypes of such bacterial genotoxins are the Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDTs) produced by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. CDTs display the DNase structure fold and activity, and induce DNA strand breaks in the intoxicated host cell nuclei. E. coli and certain other Enterobacteriaceae species synthesize another genotoxin, colibactin. Colibactin is a secondary metabolite, a hybrid polyketide/nonribosomal peptide compound synthesized by a complex biosynthetic machinery. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CDT and colibactin produced by E. coli and/or Salmonella Typhi. We describe their prevalence, genetic determinants, modes of action, and impact in infectious diseases or gut colonization, and discuss the possible involvement of these genotoxigenic bacteria in cancer.
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Secher T, Brehin C, Oswald E. Early settlers: which E. coli strains do you not want at birth? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G123-9. [PMID: 27288422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota exerts vital biological processes throughout the human lifetime, and imbalances in its composition have been implicated in both health and disease status. Upon birth, the neonatal gut moves from a barely sterile to a massively colonized environment. The development of the intestinal microbiota during the first year of life is characterized by rapid and important changes in microbial composition, diversity, and magnitude. The pioneer bacteria colonizing the postnatal intestinal tract profoundly contribute to the establishment of the host-microbe symbiosis, which is essential for health throughout life. Escherichia coli is one of the first colonizers of the gut after birth. E. coli is a versatile population including harmless commensal, probiotic strains as well as frequently deadly pathogens. The prevalence of the specific phylogenetic B2 group, which encompasses both commensal and extra- or intraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, is increasing among E. coli strains colonizing infants quickly after birth. Fifty percent of the B2 group strains carry in their genome the pks gene cluster encoding the synthesis of a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide hybrid genotoxin named colibactin. In this review, we summarize both clinical and experimental evidence associating the recently emerging neonatal B2 E. coli population with several pathology and discuss how the expression of colibactin by both normal inhabitants of intestinal microflora and virulent strains may darken the borderline between commensalism and pathogenicity.
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Bicart-See A, Rottman M, Cartwright M, Seiler B, Gamini N, Rodas M, Penary M, Giordano G, Oswald E, Super M, Ingber DE. Rapid Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogens from Infected Clinical Samples Using Magnetic Beads Coated with Fc-Mannose Binding Lectin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156287. [PMID: 27275840 PMCID: PMC4898724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe how Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can be rapidly isolated from clinical samples of articular fluid and synovial tissue using magnetic beads coated with the engineered chimeric human opsonin protein, Fc-mannose-binding lectin (FcMBL). The FcMBL-beads were used to capture and magnetically remove bacteria from purified cultures of 12 S. aureus strains, and from 8 articular fluid samples and 4 synovial tissue samples collected from patients with osteoarthritis or periprosthetic infections previously documented by positive S. aureus cultures. While the capture efficiency was high (85%) with purified S. aureus strains grown in vitro, direct FcMBL-bead capture from the clinical samples was initially disappointing (< 5% efficiency). Further analysis revealed that inhibition of FcMBL binding was due to coating of the bacteria by immunoglobulins and immune cells that masked FcMBL binding sites, and to the high viscosity of these complex biological samples. Importantly, capture of pathogens using the FcMBL-beads was increased to 76% efficiency by pretreating clinical specimens with hypotonic washes, hyaluronidase and a protease cocktail. Using this approach, S. aureus bacteria could be isolated from infected osteoarthritic tissues within 2 hours after sample collection. This FcMBL-enabled magnetic method for rapid capture and concentration of pathogens from clinical samples could be integrated upstream of current processes used in clinical microbiology laboratories to identify pathogens and perform antibiotic sensitivity testing when bacterial culture is not possible or before colonies can be detected.
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