[The treatment of ovarian cancer. Recommendation of the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists]

In Hungary, there is no actual ovarian cancer guideline, despite this disease being the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. An expert panel was created by the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists to prepare a recommendation for the reatment of ovarian cancer patients. This multidisciplinary expert group worked together during the first trimester of 2022 using the guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists (ESGO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and created the updated recommendations. This paper presents the recommended surgical and medical treatment of early, advanced stage and recurrent ovarian cancer.

EGFR T790M Mutation Detection in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After First Line EGFR TKI Therapy: Summary of Results in a Three-Year Period and a Comparison of Commercially Available Detection Kits

EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) offers a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. The majority of these cases, however eventually develop therapy resistance, mainly by acquiring EGFR T790M mutation. Recently, third-generation TKIs have been introduced to overcome T790M mutation-related resistance. Cell free circulating tumor DNA (liquid biopsy) has emerged as a valuable alternative method for T790M mutation detection during patient follow up, when a tissue biopsy cannot be obtained for analysis. In this study, we summarized our experience with Super-ARMS EGFR Mutation Detection Kit (AmoyDx) on 401 samples of 242 NSCLC patients in a 3-year period in Hungary, comprising 364 plasma and 37 non-plasma samples. We also compared the performance of two commercially available detection kits, the cobas EGFR Mutation test v2 (Roche) and the Super-ARMS EGFR Mutation Detection Kit (AmoyDx). The same activating EGFR mutation was detected with the AmoyDx kit as in the primary tumor in 45.6% of the samples. T790M mutation was identified in 48.1% of the samples containing activating EGFR mutation. The detection rate of T790M mutation was not dependent on the DNA concentration of the plasma sample and there was no considerable improvement in mutation detection rate after a second, subsequent plasma sample. The concordance of EGFR activating mutation detection was 89% between the two methods, while this was 93% for T790M mutation detection. The AmoyDx kit, however showed an overall higher detection rate of T790M mutation compared to the cobas kit (p = 0.014). T790M mutation was detected at 29.8% of the patients if only plasma samples were available for analysis, while the detection rate was 70.2% in non-plasma samples. If the activating EGFR was detected in the plasma samples, the detection rate of T790M mutation was 42.4%. Although non-plasma samples provided a superior T790M mutation detection rate, we found that liquid biopsy can offer a valuable tool for T790M mutation detection, when a tissue biopsy is not available. Alternatively, a liquid biopsy can be used as a screening test, when re-biopsy should be considered in case of wild-type results.

Isolation of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov from a hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater capable of degrading benzene-, toluene-, m- and p-xylene under microaerobic conditions

Members of the genus Pseudomonas are known to be widespread in hydrocarbon contaminated environments because of their remarkable ability to degrade a variety of petroleum hydrocarbons, including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) compounds. During an enrichment investigation which aimed to study microaerobic xylene degradation in a legacy petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater, a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as MAP12T was isolated. It was capable of degrading benzene, toluene, meta- and para- xylene effectively under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MAP12T belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, with the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Pseudomonas linyingensis LYBRD3-7T (98.42%), followed by Pseudomonas sagittaria JCM 18195T (98.29%) and Pseudomonas alcaliphila JCM 10630T (98.08%). Phylogenomic tree constructed using a concatenated alignment of 92 core genes indicated that strain MAP12T is distinct from any known Pseudomonas species. The draft genome sequence of strain MAP12T is 4.36 Mb long, and the G+C content of MAP12T genome is 65.8%. Orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses confirmed that strain MAP12T is distinctly separated from its closest neighbors (OrthoANI < 89 %; dDDH < 36%). Though several members of the genus Pseudomonas are well known for their aerobic BTEX degradation capability, this is the first report of a novel Pseudomonas species capable of degrading xylene under microaerobic conditions. By applying genome-resolved metagenomics, we were able to partially reconstruct the genome of strain MAP12T from metagenomics sequence data and showed that strain MAP12T was an abundant member of the xylene-degrading bacterial community under microaerobic conditions. Strain MAP12T contains ubiquinone 9 (Q9) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain MAP12T are summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). The results of this polyphasic study support that strain MAP12T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, hence the name of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain considering its aromatic hydrocarbon degradation capability. The type strain is MAP12T (=LMG 32466, =NCAIM B.02668).

Effect of Climate on Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity of Moroccan Marine Microbiota

The Moroccan coast is characterized by a diversity of climate, reflecting a great richness and diversity of fauna and flora. By this, marine microbiota plays a fundamental role in many biogeochemical processes, environmental modifications, and responses to temperature changes. To date, no exploration by high-throughput techniques has been carried out on the characterization of the Moroccan marine microbiota. The objective of this work is to study the diversity and metabolic functions of MMM from the Moroccan coast (Atlantic and Mediterranean) according to the water source (WS) and the type of climate (CT) using the approach high-throughput sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. Four water samples of twelve sampling sites from the four major climates along the Moroccan coastline were collected, and prokaryotic DNA was extracted. V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and the product PCR was sequenced by Illumina Miseq. The β-diversity and α-diversity indices were determined to assess the species richness and evenness. The obtained results were analyzed by Mothur and R software. A total of twenty-eight Bacterial phyla and twelve Archaea were identified from the samples. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria are the three key bacterial phyla, and the Archaeal phyla identified are: Euryarchaeota, Nanoarchaeaeota, Crenarchaeota, Hydrothermarchaeota, Asgardaeota, Diapherotrites, and Thaumarchaeota in the Moroccan coastline and the four climates studied. The whole phylum are involved in marine biogeochemical cycles, and through their functions they participate in the homeostasis of the ocean in the presence of pollutants or stressful biotic and abiotic factors. In conclusion, the obtained results reported sufficient deepness of sequencing to cover the majority of Archaeal and Bacterial genera in each site. We noticed a strong difference in microbiota diversity, abundance, and taxonomy inter- and intra-climates and water source without significant differences in function. To better explore this diversity, other omic approaches can be applied such as the metagenomic shotgun, and transcriptomic approaches allowing a better characterization of the Moroccan marine microbiota and to understand the mechanisms of its adaptation and its impacts in/on the ecosystem.

SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés okozta Kikuchi–Fujimoto-betegség sikeres gyógyítása

A Kikuchi–Fujimoto-betegség (histiocytás nekrotizáló lymphadenitis) egy autolimitált folyamat, melynek kiváltó tényezőihez soroljuk az Epstein–Barr-vírust, a humán herpeszvírust, a HIV-et, a B19 parvovírust, a paromyxovirusokat, a SARS-CoV-2-t, illetve a Toxoplasmát és a Yersiniát. A pontos diagnózis felállításához elengedhetetlen a nyirokcsomó-biopszia, melyet szövettani vizsgálat követ. Egy 45 éves nőbeteg igazolt SARS-CoV-2-fertőzést követően egyoldali nyaki nyirokcsomó-megnagyobbodással, lázzal, rekedtséggel, illetve nyelési nehezítettséggel érkezett ambulanciánkra. SARS-CoV-2-fertőzése a tünetek megjelenése előtt 1 hónappal kettős pozitív (orrgarati) gyorsteszt formájában került bizonyításra, melyet 2 hetes otthoni karantén követett. Felszabadító teszt nem készült, az ambulanter vizsgálat előtt végzett COVID–19 orrgarati gyorsteszt negatív eredményt produkált. A fizikális status felmérését osztályos felvétel követte, melynek során intravénás antibiotikumterápia indult (Augmentin, 3 × 1,2 g; Klion, 2 × 100 mg) szteroidterápiával párhuzamosan (Solu-Medrol, 2 × 125 mg). A nyaki-mellkasi CT jobb oldali retropharyngealis tályogot írt le, nyaki nyirokcsomó-megnagyobbodással párhuzamosan. Sürgős tracheotomiát, illetve nyaki feltárást végeztünk nyirokcsomó-biopsziával egybekötve. A feltárás során tályogra utaló jelet nem találtunk. A szövettani vizsgálat nekrotizáló lymphadenitist igazolt. Annak ellenére, hogy a betegség autolimitált, látható, hogy a fenti esetben a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzést követően kialakuló nyaki lymphadenopathia életet veszélyeztető állapot okozott, mely miatt légcsőmetszés, nyaki feltárás, illetve nyirokcsomó-biopszia volt szükséges a beteg állapotának javulásáért és betegségének pontos tisztázásáért. A kialakult szöveti exsudatum nyaki tályog képét utánozta a CT-felvételeken. Az általunk felkeresett, nagyszámú szakirodalmi közleményben hasonló beavatkozás nem került leírásra. A nyaki feltárás, a tracheotomia, illetve a nyaki nyirokcsomóknak mint ,,trigger” zónáknak az eltávolítása jelen esetünkben a teljes gyógyulást eredményezte. Fontos a SARS-CoV-2, illetve a Kikuchi–Fujimoto-betegség korrelációjának további megerősítése, pontosabb tisztázása. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(27): 1061–1065.

Pathological Diagnosis, Work-Up and Reporting of Breast Cancer 1st Central-Eastern European Professional Consensus Statement on Breast Cancer

This text is based on the recommendations accepted by the 4th Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer, modified on the basis of the international consultation and conference within the frames of the Central-Eastern European Academy of Oncology. The recommendations cover non-operative, intraoperative and postoperative diagnostics, determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, they address some specific issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, and some remarks about the future.

Unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymoma resection – Indications, early and mid-term results

Introduction. Thymoma is the most common tumour of the anterior mediastinum. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery technique of thymoma resection is spreading world-wide, but the thoracoscopic method is still contentious in many ways. Authors evaluate the early and mid-term results of a 17 years period of VATS unilateral approach at 2 Hungarian thoracic surgical centers. Method. Depending on the anatomical situation of the thymoma, we performed thymectomy, or partial thymectomy (thymomectomy) for the Masaoka–Koga I–II–III stage thymoma from the right or left side through 2 or 3 intercostal ports. We managed the operations with ultrasonic dissector and electrocauter. By using international standards we evaluated perioperative morbidity, mid-term oncological results and clinical symptoms of myasthenia. Results. 23 of the 54 patients were man, 31 were woman, the average age was 58 (26–79) years, 23 of them had myasthenia. The conversion rate was 11,5% (7/61). The average operation time was 84 (39–150) minutes. The average hospitalisation time was 5.5 (3–19) days. The average size of the thymomas was 46 (18–90) mm. The histology resulted thymoma type A in 2 cases, AB in 19 cases, B1/2/3 in 11/11/1 cases, mixed B in 10 cases. The examination of the resection line was R0/1/2 in 42/11/1 cases. The Masaoka–Koga stages were: I (17), IIA (28), IIB (2), III (7). There was 25 thymomectomies, and 29 thymectomies. In seven cases there were extension of the operation to the pericardium (2), to the lung (2), to the phrenic nerve (6), and to innominate vein (1). The in-hospital mortality over 30 day was in 1 case (1.85%). The morbidity was 11/54 (20.4%). The average follow-up time was 62.56 (5–198) months. In the group with myasthenia the effectivity of the operation was 18/21 (85.7%), including complete remission of 5/21 (23.8%). Post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis developed in 2/31 cases (6.5%). The average 5 years survival was 100%, tumour-free 5 years survival was 96%. Conclusions. The higher proportion of the thymomectomy in the early results, higher conversion rate and lower R0 proportion might be in connection with the attitude of the surgeons, with the learning curve and with the limitations of the unilateral method. After a longer follow-up time late results may become more real and comparable. Instead of unilateral VATS technique we have changed to the subxyphoideal approach of VATS because of its better visualisation.

[BRAF-MEK inhibitor therapy in melanoma]

We investigated the efficacy and safety of vemurafenib+cobimetinib (V+C) and dabrafenib+trametinib (D+T) based on real-life data. From 2015 and 2018 we have selected 118 BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma patients, treated with V+C and D+T in our institute. We retrospectively analyzed the overall response rate (ORR), the progression-free survival (PFS), the overall survival (OS) and the adverse events of the therapies. The median follow-up time was 18 months (3-43) with V+C and 12 months (3-43) with D+T. The median PFS was 8 months in the V+C and 8.5 months in the D+T group. Median OS was 18 months in V+C group and 12 months with D+T. The ORR was revealed to be 82% in D+T group and 76% in V+C group. Each combination displayed a slightly different safety profile. In our retrospective analysis both BRAF-MEK inhibitor combination therapies showed favorable efficacy with a slightly different spectrum of toxicity profile.

Case Report: A Novel Pathomechanism in PEComa by the Loss of Heterozygosity of TP53

Since the introduction of next-generation sequencing, the frequency of germline pathogenic TP53 variants and the number of cases with unusual clinical presentations have been increasing. This has led to the expansion of the classical Li–Fraumeni syndrome concept to a wider cancer predisposition syndrome designated as the Li–Fraumeni spectrum. Here, we present a case with a malignant, metastatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the thigh muscle and a sinonasal carcinoma harboring a novel TP53 germline splice mutation (NM_000546.5:c.97-2A>C). The classical presentation of LFS in the long-since deceased mother and the presence of a germline TP53 variant in the proband suggested a possible familial TP53-related condition. Complex pathological, molecular, and clinical genetic analyses (whole exome sequencing of germline variants, multigene panel sequencing of tumor DNA, Sanger validation, an in vitro functional test on splicing effect, 3D protein modeling, p53 immunohistochemistry, and pedigree analysis) were performed. The in vitro characterization of the splice mutation supported the pathogenic effect that resulted in exon skipping. A locus-specific loss of heterozygosity in the PEComa but not in the sinonasal carcinoma was identified, suggesting the causative role of the splice mutation in the PEComa pathogenesis, because we excluded known pathogenetic pathways characteristic to PEComas (TSC1/2, TFE3, RAD51B). However, the second hit affecting TP53 in the molecular pathogenesis of the sinonasal carcinoma was not identified. Although PEComa has been reported previously in two patients with Li–Fraumeni syndrome, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting a relationship between the aberrant TP53 variant and PEComa.

Pinisolibacter aquiterrae sp. nov., a novel aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from benzene-, and xylene-degrading enrichment cultures, and emended description of the genus Pinisolibacter

Two Gram-reaction-negative strains, designated as B13T and MA2-2, were isolated from two different aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment cultures and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic position. The two strains had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and were most closely related to Pinisolibacter ravus E9T (97.36 %) and Siculibacillus lacustris SA-279T (96.33 %). Cells were facultatively aerobic rods and motile with a single polar flagellum. The strains were able to degrade ethylbenzene as sole source of carbon and energy. The assembled genome of strain B13T had a total length of 4.91 Mb and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 % of the total) of strains B13T and MA2-2 were C18 : 1  ω7c/C18 : 1  ω6c, C16 : 1  ω7c/C16 : 1  ω6c and C16 : 0. The major ubiquinone of strain B13T was Q10, while the major polar lipids were phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and a phospholipid. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, it is concluded that strains B13T and MA2-2 are members of the genus Pinisolibacter and represent a novel species for which the name Pinisolibacter aquiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain B13T (=LMG 32346T=NCAIM B.02665T).

Sphingobacterium hungaricum sp. nov. a novel species on the borderline of the genus Sphingobacterium

A Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated Kb22^T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain shows highest similarity (94.39 %) to Sphingobacterium nematocida M-SX103^T. The highest average nucleotide identity value (71.83 %) was found with Sphingobacterium composti T5-12^T, and the highest amino acid identity value (66.65 %) was found with Sphingobacterium olei HAL-9^T. Cells are aerobic, non-motile rods. The isolate was found to be positive for catalase and oxidase tests. The assembled genome of strain Kb22^T has a total length of 4,06 Mb, the DNA G+C content is 38.1 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone is menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids are iso-C_15:0 (28.4%), summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH) (25.7 %) and iso-C_17:0 3-OH (19.7 %). Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic results, it is concluded that strain Kb22^T is a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and represents a novel species for which the name Sphingobacterium hungaricum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Kb22^T (=LMG 31574^T=NCAIM B.02638^T).

Insight into the hidden bacterial diversity of Lake Balaton, Hungary

In the present study, the prokaryotic community structure of the water of Lake Balaton was investigated at the littoral region of three different points (Tihany, Balatonmáriafürdő and Keszthely) by cultivation independent methods [next-generation sequencing (NGS), specific PCRs and microscopy cell counting] to check the hidden microbial diversity of the lake. The taxon-specific PCRs did not show pathogenic bacteria but at Keszthely and Máriafürdő sites extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms could be detected. The bacterial as well as archaeal diversity of the water was high even when many taxa are still uncultivable. Based on NGS, the bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, while the most frequent Archaea belonged to Woesearchaeia (Nanoarchaeota). The ratio of the detected taxa differed among the samples. Three different types of phototrophic groups appeared: Cyanobacteria (oxygenic phototrophic organisms), Chloroflexi (anaerobic, organotrophic bacteria) and the aerobic, anoxic photoheterotrophic group (AAPs). Members of Firmicutes appeared only with low abundance, and Enterobacteriales (order within Proteobacteria) were present also only in low numbers in all samples.

Sphingobacterium pedocola sp. nov. a novel halotolerant bacterium isolated from agricultural soil

A Gram-reaction-negative halotolerant bacterial strain, designated Ka21^T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, highest similarity was found with Sphingobacterium alkalisoli Y3L14^T (96.72%). Cells were observed to be aerobic, non-motile rods. The isolate was found to be able to grow between 0 and 10% of NaCl concentration. The assembled genome of strain Ka21^T has a total length of 5.2 Mb with a G + C content of 41.0 mol%. According to the genome analysis, Ka21^T encodes several glycoside hydrolases that may play a role in the degradation of accumulated plant biomass in the soil. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, it is concluded that strain Ka21^T represents a novel species in the Sphingobacterium genus for which the name Sphingobacterium pedocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka21^T (= LMG 31575^T = NCAIM B.02636^T).

Cellvibrio polysaccharolyticus sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from agricultural soil

A novel Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated Ka43^T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain shows highest similarity (97.1 %) to Cellvibrio diazotrophicus E50^T. Cells of strain Ka43^T are aerobic, motile, short rods. The major fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15 : 0 2-OH), C_18 : 1  ω7c and C_16 : 0. The only isoprenoid quinone is Q-8. The polar lipid profile includes phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids, two lipids and an aminolipid. The assembled genome of strain Ka43^T has a total length of 4.2 Mb and the DNA G+C content is 51.6 mol%. Based on phenotypic data, including chemotaxonomic characteristics and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, it was concluded that strain Ka43^T represents a novel species in the genus Cellvibrio, for which the name Cellvibrio polysaccharolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka43^T (=LMG 31577^T=NCAIM B.02637^T).

Detection of acute stress by smooth muscle electromyography: A translational study on rat and human

AIMS

Non-invasive and simultaneous recording of gastrointestinal (GI) activity during stress induction is still an unexplored field. In our previous investigation, the stress-induced alteration of the gastrointestinal tract was explored in rats. Our aims were to expand our previous rat experiment and to induce stress response in rats (Study 1) and humans (Study 2) to detect the GI tract activity, heart rate and body temperature.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the preclinical sample, acute stress was induced by immobilization in Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 10). Acute stress response was generated by the Trier Social Stress Test among healthy volunteers (N = 16). Detection of acute stress was measured by using smooth muscle electromyography, which recorded the myoelectric waves of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, ileum and colon) simultaneously with heart rate and body temperature in rats and humans.

KEY FINDINGS

The myoelectric waves of the stomach, the cecum and the ileum increased during immobilization in rats, rising in parallel with heart rate and the dermal temperature of the abdominal surface. The same alterations were found during the stress period among humans, except in the case of the colon, where no change was detected.

SIGNIFICANCE

The crucial role of the GI tract in stress response was revealed by translating the outcome of basic research into human results. The similar GI alterations during stress in rats and humans underpin the robustness of our findings. In summary, our preliminary translational-based study can serve as an appropriate basis for further human studies.

Fertoeibacter niger gen. nov., sp. nov. a novel alkaliphilic bacterium of the family Rhodobacteraceae

Three Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, black, facultative phototrophic bacterial strains, RG-N-1a^T, DMA-N-7a and RA-N-9 were isolated from the water sample from Lake Fertő/Neusiedler See (Hungary). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains form a distinct linage within the family Rhodobacteraceae and their closest relatives are Tabrizicola piscis K13M18^T (96.32%) followed by Cypionkella psychrotolerans PAMC 27389^T (96.25%). The novel bacterial strains prefer alkaline environments and grow optimally at 23-33 °C in the presence of NaCl (1-2 w/v%). Bacteriochlorophyll a was detected. Cells contained exclusively ubiquinone Q-10. The major cellular fatty acids were C_{18 : 1}ω7c, C_{19 : 1}iso ω5c, C_{18 : 0} 3-OH and C_{18 : 1}ω7c 11-methyl. The polar lipid profile contains diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The assembled draft genome of RG-N-1a^T had 33 contigs with N50 values 315 027 nt, 96× genome coverage, total length of 4 326 551 bp and a DNA G+C content of 64.9%. Genome-based calculations (genome-to-genome distance and DNA G+C percentage) and pairwise amino acid identity (AAI <73.5%) indicate that RG-N-1a^T represents a novel genus. RG-N-1a^T (=DSM 108317^T=NCAIM B.02647^T) is suggested as the type strain of a novel genus and species in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Fertoeibacter niger gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Hydrogenophaga aromaticivorans sp. nov., isolated from a para-xylene-degrading enrichment culture, capable of degrading benzene, meta- and para-xylene

A benzene, para- and meta-xylene-degrading Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated as D2P1^T, was isolated from a para-xylene-degrading enrichment culture. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes showed that D2P1^T shares a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Hydrogenophaga and shows highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis NBRC 102512^T (99.2 %) and Hydrogenophaga palleronii NBRC 102513^T (98.3 %). The draft genome sequence of D2P1^T is 5.63 Mb long and the genomic DNA G+C content is 65.5 %. Orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses confirmed low genomic relatedness to its closest relatives (OrthoANI <86 %; dDDH <30 %). D2P1^T contains ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) as the only respiratory quinone and phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The main whole-cell fatty acids of D2P1^T are summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω7c/C_16 : 1  ω6c), C_16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C_18 : 1  ω7c/C_18 : 1  ω6c). The polyphasic taxonomic results indicated that strain D2P1^T represents a novel species of the genus Hydrogenophaga, for which the name Hydrogenophaga aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D2P1^T (=LMG 31780^T=NCAIM B 02655^T).

[Pathological diagnosis, work-up and reporting of breast cancer. Recommendations from the 4th Breast Cancer Consensus Conference]

There have been some relevant changes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer to implement the updating of the 2016 recommendations made during the 3rd national consensus conference on the disease. Following a wide interdisciplinary consultation, the present recommendations have been finalized after their public discussion at the 4th Hungarian Breast Cancer Consensus Conference. The recommendations cover non-operative, intraoperative and postoperative diagnostics, the determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of the cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, it touches some special issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, some relevant points about the future. The most important changes include the integration of the TNM 8th edition, the WHO classification of breast tumors 5th edition, the ASCO/CAP HER2 assessment guidelines from 2018, and the Yokohama terminology for cytology reporting; a more detailed text on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and size determination after neoadjuvant therapy and a broader discussion of molecular tests.

Microbiological investigations of two thermal baths in Budapest, Hungary. Report: effect of bathing and pool operation type on water quality

In Hungary, which is famous for its thermal baths, according to the regulations, waters are investigated in hygienic aspects with standard cultivation methods. In the present study, two thermal baths were investigated (the well and three different pool waters in both) using cultivation methods, taxon-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), multiplex PCRs and next-generation amplicon sequencing. Mainly members of the natural microbial community of the well waters and bacteria originating from the environment were detected but several opportunistic pathogenic taxa, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, Acinetobacter johnsoni, Acinetobacter baumanni, Moraxella osloensis, Microbacterium paraoxydans, Legionella spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus aureus were revealed by the applied methods. Pools with charging-unloading operation had higher microscopic cell counts, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, number of cocci, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus compared to the recirculation systems. Bacteria originating from human sources (e.g., skin) were identified in the pool waters with less than 1% relative abundance, and their presence was sporadic in the pools. Comparing the microbiological quality of the pools based on the first sampling time and the following four months' period it was revealed that recirculation operation type has better water quality than the charging-unloading pool operation from a hygienic point of view.

Prokaryotic community composition in a great shallow soda lake covered by large reed stands (Neusiedler See/Lake Fertő) as revealed by cultivation- and DNA-based analyses

Little is known about the detailed community composition of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in macrophyte-dominated littoral systems, where a considerable amount of dissolved organic carbon originates from aquatic macrophytes instead of phytoplankton. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of macrophytes on the microbial community and to elucidate their role in a macrophyte-dominated shallow soda lake, which can be characterised by a mosaic of open waters and reed marsh. Therefore, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the most probable number method, cultivation of bacterial strains, EcoPlate and cultivation-based substrate utilisation techniques were applied. Differences in the structures of microbial communities were detected between the water and the sediment samples and between vegetated and unvegetated water samples. Planktonic bacterial communities of an inner pond and a reed-covered area showed significant similarities to each other. Woesearchaeia was the dominant archaeal taxon in the water samples, while Bathyarchaeia, 'Marine Benthic Group D' and 'DHVEG-1' were abundant in the sediment samples. The most probable number of heterotrophic bacteria was lower in the open water than in the reed-associated areas. The vast majority (83%) of the isolated bacterial strains from the water samples of the reed-covered area were able to grow on a medium containing reed extract as the sole source of carbon.

Whole genome sequence analysis of Cupriavidus campinensis S14E4C, a heavy metal resistant bacterium

Cupriavidus sp. are model organisms for heavy metal(loid) resistance and aromatic compound's degradation studies and these characteristics make them a perfect candidate for biotechnological purposes. Bacterial strain S14E4C (identified as Cupriavidus campinensis) was isolated from a playground by enrichment method in a 0.25 mM containing medium. The analysis revealed that this bacterium is able to tolerate high concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s: Cd up to 19.5 mM, Pb to 9 mM, Hg to 5.5 mM and As to 2 mM in heavy metal(loid) salt containing nutrient medium. The whole genome data and analysis of the type strain of C. campinensis CCUG:44526T have not been available so far, thus here we present the genome sequencing results of strain S14E4C of the same species. Analysis was carried out to identify possible mechanisms for the heavy metal resistance and to map the genetic data of C. campinensis. The annotation pipelines revealed that the total genome of strain S14E4C is 6,375,175 bp length with a GC content of 66.3% and contains 2 plasmids with 295,460 bp (GC content 59.9%) and 50,483 bp (GC content 63%). In total 4460 coding sequences were assigned to known functions and 1508 to hypothetical proteins. Analysis proved that strain S14E4C is having gene clusters such as czc, mer, cus, chr, ars to encode various heavy metal resistance mechanisms that play an important role to survive in extreme environments.

Phragmitibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. a new member of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae

The Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped yellow-coloured bacterial strain MG-N-17T was isolated from a water sample of Lake Fertő/Neusiedler See (Hungary). Results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain forms a distinct linage within the family Verrucomicrobiaceae of the phylum Verrucomicrobia , and its closest relatives are Verrucomicrobium spinosum DSM 4136T (94.38 %) and Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum DC2a-G7T (91.55 %). The novel bacterial strain prefers a weak alkaline environment and grows optimally between 22–28 °C in the absence of NaCl. The major isoprenoid quinones are MK-10, MK-11, MK-12 and MK-9. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C14 : 0. The polar lipid profile contains phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. The assembled draft genome of strain MG-N-17T had 44 contigs with an N50 value 348255 nt, 56.5× genome coverage, total length of 5 910 933 bp and G+C content of 56.9 mol%. Strain MG-N-17T (=DSM 106674T=NCAIM B.02643T) is proposed as the type strain of a new genus and species in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae , for which the name Phragmitibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.