26
|
López-Robles MC, Orozco E, Beltrán-Castillo JA, Díaz A, Hernández-Jáuregui P, Gómez-Conde E. Centromeric structure identification in Entamoeba histolytica by anticentromeric/kinetochore antibodies obtained from patients with the CREST syndrome. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S207-9. [PMID: 11070286 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Rodríguez MA, Orozco E. Characterization of the EhRabB recombinant protein of Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S171-2. [PMID: 11070270 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
López C, Marchat LA, Luna-Arias JP, Orozco E. An initial characterization of the 3' untranslated region of the EhPgp5 mRNA in Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S282-4. [PMID: 11070317 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Gharaibeh R, García-Espitia M, Orozco E. Presence of sequences homologous to the universal minicircle sequence (UMS) of trypanosomatids in the DNA circles of Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S296-8. [PMID: 11070322 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Carpeniseanu S, Hirata K, Que X, Orozco E, Reed SL. L6: a proteinase- and phagocytosis-deficient mutant of Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S237-8. [PMID: 11070298 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
31
|
Riverón AM, López-Cánovas L, Flores E, Pérez-Pérez G, Luna-Arias JP, Orozco E. Algorithm to predict MiniCHEF electrophoresis patterns of Entamoeba histolytica DNA. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S279-81. [PMID: 11070316 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
32
|
Pérez DG, Gómez C, Paz F, Orozco E. The multidrug-resistance phenotype of Entamoeba histolytica-transfected trophozoites with the EhPgp5 gene. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S277-8. [PMID: 11070315 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Delgadillo DM, Gómez C, Pérez DG, Paz F, Ponce A, Bañuelos C, Mendoza L, Orozco E. Expression of Entamoeba histolytica EhPgp5 gene in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S285-7. [PMID: 11070318 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
de Dios-Bravo G, López C, Luna-Arias JP, Orozco E. DNA binding activity and predicted tertiary structure of the TATA binding protein of Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S299-300. [PMID: 11070323 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
García-Rivera G, Gómez C, Pérez DG, Flores E, Rodríguez MA, Orozco E. Structural characterization of the 5'-flanking regions of the Entamoeba histolytica Ehcp112 and Ehadh112 genes. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S303-4. [PMID: 11070325 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
36
|
Marchat LA, Gómez C, Pérez DG, López C, Orozco E. Possible role of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein in the expression regulation of the EhPgp1 multidrug resistance gene in Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S291-3. [PMID: 11070320 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
37
|
Rodríguez MA, García-Pérez RM, García-Rivera G, López-Reyes I, Mendoza L, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Orozco E. An Entamoeba histolytica rab-like encoding gene and protein: function and cellular location. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 108:199-206. [PMID: 10838222 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We identified here a 576 bp rab-like gene (EhrabB) in Entamoeba histolytica. EhrabB is located 332 bp upstream from the start codon of the Ehcp112 encoding gene, but is transcribed from the complementary strand. The EhrabB open reading frame predicts a 192 amino acid polypeptide (EhRabB) with 40-42% identity to Rab proteins, involved in vesicle docking regulation in endo and exocytic pathways of eukaryotic cells. Transcripts of 0.6 and 0.97 kb were detected by the EhrabB probe in northern blot assays. Using specific antibodies, EhRabB was located in small cytoplasmic vesicles by confocal microscopy. During phagocytosis, EhRabB was initially translocated to the plasma membrane and to the phagocytic mouths. The protein diminished after 10 min phagocytosis, suggesting that EhRabB could be participating in the regulation of the endocytosis process.
Collapse
|
38
|
Garcia-Rivera G, Rodriguez MA, Ocadiz R, Martinez-Lopez MC, Arroyo R, Gonzalez-Robles A, Orozco E. Entamoeba histolytica: a novel cysteine protease and an adhesin form the 112 kDa surface protein. Mol Microbiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.0err1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
García-Rivera G, Rodríguez MA, Ocádiz R, Martínez-López MC, Arroyo R, González-Robles A, Orozco E. Entamoeba histolytica : a novel cysteine protease and an adhesin form the 112 kDa surface protein. Mol Microbiol 1999; 33:556-68. [PMID: 10417646 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present evidence that a cysteine protease (EhCP112) and a protein with an adherence domain (EhADH112) form the Entamoeba histolytica 112 kDa adhesin. Immunoelectron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbAdh) revealed that, during phagocytosis, the adhesin is translocated from the plasma membrane to phagocytic vacuoles. mAbAdh inhibited 54% adherence, 41% phagocytosis, and 35% and 62% destruction of MDCK cell monolayers by live trophozoites and their extracts respectively. We cloned a 3587 bp DNA fragment (Eh112 ) with two open reading frames (ORFs) separated by a 188 bp non-coding region. The ORF at the 5' end (Ehcp112 ) encodes a protein with a cysteine protease active site, a transmembranal segment and an RGD motif. The second ORF (Ehadh112 ) encodes a protein recognized by mAbAdh with three putative transmembranal segments and four glycosylation sites. Northern blot, primer extension and Southern blot experiments revealed that Ehcp112 and Ehadh112 are two adjacent genes in DNA. Ehcp112 and Ehadh112 genes were expressed in bacteria. The recombinant peptides presented protease activity and inhibited adherence and phagocytosis, respectively, and both were recognized by mAbAdh. The EhCP112 and EhADH112 peptides could be joined by covalent or strong electrostatic forces, which are not broken during phagocytosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cuevas-Covarrubias SA, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Rivera-Vega MR, Beirana A, Carrasco E, Orozco E, Kofman-Alfaro SH. Higher prevalence of X-linked ichthyosis vs. ichthyosis vulgaris in Mexico. Int J Dermatol 1999; 38:555-6. [PMID: 10440291 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
41
|
Paveto C, Torres HN, Flawia MM, García-Espitia M, Ortega A, Orozco E. Entamoeba histolytica: signaling through G proteins. Exp Parasitol 1999; 91:170-5. [PMID: 9990345 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1998.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signaling pathways of Entamoeba histolytica are largely unknown. Although the expression of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) is expected from functional studies, their biochemical characterization remains elusive in this protozoan. Using a combination of biochemical and immunological studies, we provide strong evidence for the presence of a Gs protein in amoeba. Our results strengthen our understanding of the signal transduction mechanisms in E. histolytica as potential sites of a new therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of household and community responses to HIV/AIDS in Mexico. Fieldwork took place in two contrasting settings: (a) Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl, a socially marginalized urban community and (b) the homosexual community of Mexico City, a sexually marginalized social network. 113 in-depth interviews were conducted with people with HIV/AIDS, their relatives and members of their social networks. This paper describes findings from interviews conducted with family members of persons with AIDS. Four stages of response are identified and characterized within each community: (i) life before AIDS, (ii) life during the discovery of AIDS, (iii) living with a person with AIDS and (iv) surviving those who have died from AIDS. The social marginalization of both communities is central in explaining how families respond to the disease. In Ciudad Netzahualcoyotl, social support derives from a local culture of kinship. In the gay community, on the other hand, solidarity arises out of friendship. Between social support and discrimination, many more "ambivalent" behaviours (neither fully supportive nor discriminating) are displayed by family members and friends. Fear, pre-existing family conflicts and prejudice nurture these negative responses. Family responses and the processes to which they give rise, also differ depending on whether or not a male or female household member is affected. Policy recommendations are made concerning how best to promote positive family and household responses to persons with HIV/AIDS and how to inhibit negative ones.
Collapse
|
43
|
Castro R, Orozco E, Eroza E, Manca MC, Hernández JJ, Aggleton P. AIDS-related illness trajectories in Mexico: findings from a qualitative study in two marginalized communities. AIDS Care 1998; 10:583-98. [PMID: 9828955 DOI: 10.1080/09540129848442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes findings from a recent study examining how people affected directly and indirectly by the HIV/AIDS epidemic cope with HIV-related illness in Mexico. One-hundred-and-thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants in two contrasting communities: Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl (an economically marginalized community) and the gay community in Mexico City (a sexually marginalized community). This paper describes the AIDS-related wellness/illness careers or trajectories followed by individuals in both communities, and identifies critical points for material and emotional intervention. This career comprises four stages: (1) life before infection; (2) life surrounding the discovery of seropositivity; (3) living as an HIV-positive person; and (4) facing death. Comparisons are drawn between the processes of adjustment and coping found in both communities. In Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl, wellness/illness careers are closely linked to prevailing poverty and oppression, as well as the sense of urgency in which local people live their lives. In the case of the gay community, wellness/illness careers are associated with the intolerance and social repression faced by homosexual men. The paper concludes by suggesting possible interventions to improve the lives of people with HIV/AIDS in Mexico today.
Collapse
|
44
|
Langer A, Nigenda G, Romero M, Rojas G, Kuchaisit C, al-Osimi M, Orozco E. Conceptual bases and methodology for the evaluation of women's and providers' perception of the quality of antenatal care in the WHO Antenatal Care Randomised Controlled Trial. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1998; 12 Suppl 2:98-115. [PMID: 9805725 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.00009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the conceptual bases and methodology used to assess women's and providers' perception of the quality of antenatal care, as part of a large randomised trial in four developing countries. Information has been obtained by applying both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The focus group discussions and in-depth interviews have contributed useful insights into the cultural milieu in which care is provided, users' and providers' expectations, and their concept of quality. Based on these findings, we developed two standardised questionnaires, one being administered to a representative sample of pregnant women (n = 1600) and the other for all care providers. In this paper we present some of the findings of the focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with women in one country as an example of the kind of information we have obtained. Women expressed their point of view concerning a reduced number of visits, type of provider, information that they get during clinical encounters and interpersonal relations with health professionals. The qualitative information, together with the data we obtain from the surveys, will highlight the aspects that will have be to considered if the new model of care is to be introduced on a routine basis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Rodríguez MA, García-Pérez RM, Mendoza L, Sánchez T, Guillen N, Orozco E. The pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme is located in the plasma membrane and in a cytoplasmic structure in Entamoeba. Microb Pathog 1998; 25:1-10. [PMID: 9705244 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1998.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the cellular location of the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO) enzyme in Entamoeba. A 1.9 kb fragment located at the 3' end of the Ehpfo gene was cloned in the pRSETB vector and expressed. The recombinant peptide was purified and inoculated in rabbits. By Western blot assays the antibodies detected a single 130 kDa band in all E. histolytica strains tested and in E. moshkovskii. By immunofluorescence, the antibodies showed the presence of PFO in the plasma membrane and in a cytoplasmic structure that appeared as a ring or as a compact small body in E. histolytica strains. In E. invadens and E. moshkovskii (strains FIC and Laredo) PFO was located in the plasma membrane showing different fluorescence patterns. Immunofluorescence on E. histolytica synchronized cultures showed that the cytoplasmic structure appeared in 85, 60, 20 and 10% of the trophozoites in mitosis, G1, S and G2 phases, respectively. By in situ hybridization the Ehpfo gene was found in the nuclei and the trophozoites of the clone A, strain HM1:IMSS, differed in the Ehpfo gene content.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lopez-Canovas L, Biscay R, Noa MD, PerezPerez G, Herrera JA, Orozco E, Riveron AM. Comparison of DNA migrations in two clamped homogeneous electric field chambers of different sizes. Relation between sample thickness and electrophoresis time. J Chromatogr A 1998; 806:187-97. [PMID: 9639889 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present here a method to compare the mathematical descriptions of DNA migration per pulse as a function of pulse time. It is based on obtaining robust estimates and variances of DNA reorientation time, migration velocities during and after DNA reorientation; and on the statistical comparisons of these estimates. We demonstrated an equal description for the migration per pulse of each DNA molecule separated under identical conditions in clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) and miniCHEF chambers. However, miniCHEF resolved the patterns in shorter times, because it uses thinner samples. The relationship between sample thickness and CHEF run time is also presented.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lopez-Canovas L, Galan L, Orozco E, Riveron A. Kinetic properties of DNA migration under clamped homogeneous electric field conditions. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Gómez-Conde E, Hernández-Jáuregui P, González-Camacho M, Orozco E, Argüello López C. Chromatin organization during the nuclear division stages of live Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 1998; 89:122-4. [PMID: 9603497 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1998.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
49
|
Pérez DG, Gómez C, López-Bayghen E, Tannich E, Orozco E. Transcriptional analysis of the EhPgp5 promoter of Entamoeba histolytica multidrug-resistant mutant. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:7285-92. [PMID: 9516422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the cloning and transcriptional characterization of the EhPgp5 multidrug resistance gene promoter isolated from the drug-resistant clone C2 of Entamoeba histolytica. The EhPgp5 promoter has the TATA-like motif at -31 base pairs; transcription initiates three nucleotides upstream from the ATG in trophozoites grown in 225 microM emetine (clone C2(225)), whereas in those grown without the drug (clone C2) a product with no open reading frame was detected. The promoter was active in transfected clone C2 trophozoites, its activity increased when trophozoites were cultured in 40 microM emetine, while it was turned off in the drug-sensitive clone A. The first -235 base pair kept full promoter activity, suggesting that it has important drug responsive elements. Gel shift assays detected the complex Ib in clone C2, which was augmented in clone C2(225). Competition experiments suggested that complex Ib may be constituted by HOX and AP-1 like factors in clone C2, whereas in clone C2(225), complex Ib was only competed by the HOX sequence. Complexes Ie, detected in clones A and C2 but not in C2(225), and Ia, present in all clones, were competed by the TATA box oligonucleotide. Our results suggest that proteins forming complexes Ib and Ie may be participating in the regulation of the EhPgp5 gene expression.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gómez C, Pérez DG, López-Bayghen E, Orozco E. Transcriptional analysis of the EhPgp1 promoter of Entamoeba histolytica multidrug-resistant mutant. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:7277-84. [PMID: 9516421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here the cloning and characterization of the EhPgp1 multidrug resistance gene promoter isolated from the Entamoeba histolytica drug-resistant mutant clone C2. The EhPgp1 promoter lacks the typical TATA box and the transcriptional initiation sequences described for other E. histolytica promoters. The major transcription initiation site of the EhPgp1 gene was located at the ATG start codon. The EhPgp1 core promoter located within the first 244 base pairs showed a higher chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in the transfected trophozoites of clone C2 than in those of the sensitive clone A. Gel shift assays revealed three specific DNA-protein complexes (Ia, IIa, and IIIc) using nuclear extracts from clone C2, whereas three main complexes (If, IIf, and IIg) were limited to clone A. Competition assays suggested the presence of C/EBP-like and OCT-like proteins in complexes Ia and IIa, respectively, probably involved in the expression of the EhPgp1 gene, whereas complex IIIc was competed by GATA-1, C/EBP, OCT, and HOX oligonucleotides. Thus, differential DNA-protein complexes may be formed by transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of the EhPgp1 gene expression.
Collapse
|