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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Al-Asmari AF, Ansari MN, Al-Anazi WA, Bahashwan S, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Khan MR, Alsaad AM, Alotaibi MR. Corrigendum to "Apremilast prevent doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and inflammation in heart through inhibition of oxidative stress mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathways" [Pharmacol. Rep. 70 (2018) 993-1000]. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1227. [PMID: 31669887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ansari MN, Ganaie MA, Rehman NU, Alharthy KM, Khan TH, Imam F, Ansari MA, Al-Harbi NO, Jan BL, Sheikh IA, Hamad AM. Protective role of Roflumilast against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:673-681. [PMID: 31297022 PMCID: PMC6598217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a potent cardiotoxic environmental heavy metal, induces oxidative stress and membrane disturbances in cardiac myocytes. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) retards the positive inotropic effects of β-adrenoceptor activation by decreasing levels of cAMP via degradation. Hence, PDE inhibitors sensitize the heart to catecholamine and are therefore, used as positive inotropic agents. The present study was designed to probe the potential attenuating effects of the selective PDE4 inhibitor (Roflumilast, ROF), on cardiac biomarkers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant status and histology of cardiac tissues against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were randomly distributed into four different groups: group 1, served as the normal control group. Group 2, served as the toxic control group and were administered Cd (3 mg/kg, i.p.) for next 7 days. Groups 3 and 4, served as treatment groups that received Cd with concomitant oral administration of ROF doses (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg), respectively for 7 days. Serum samples of toxic control group rats resulted in significant (P < 0.001) increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels with concomitant decrease in high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels in serum which were found reversed with both of ROF treatment groups. Cd also causes significant increased (P < 0.001) in myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) contents while cardiac glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were found decreased whereas both doses of ROF, significantly reversed these oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes. Cardiotoxicity induced by Cd also resulted in enhanced expression of non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated form of NF-κB p65 and decreased expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and NQO1 which were found reversed with ROF treatments, comparable to normal control group. Histopathological changes were also improved by ROF administration as compared to Cd treated rats alone. In conclusion, Roflumilast exhibited attenuating effect against Cd-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Ansari MN, Aloliet RI, Ganaie MA, Khan TH, Najeeb-ur-Rehman, Imam F, Hamad AM. Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, attenuates cadmium-induced renal toxicity via modulation of NF-κB activation and induction of NQO1 in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:588-597. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119829521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, the protective effect of Roflumilast (ROF, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) inhibitor) was investigated against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: A total of 24 rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups ( n = 6). Group 1 served as the control; groups 2–4 administered with CdCl2 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days; groups 3 and 4 were co-administered with ROF in doses of 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg, orally for 7 consecutive days. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measuring urine volume, urea and creatinine levels in urine and serum. Oxidative stress was confirmed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in kidney tissue followed by histopathological studies. Results: CdCl2 administration results in a significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in urine volume, urea, and creatinine levels in urine, as well as GSH, SOD, and CAT levels in renal tissue. In addition, Cd also produced significantly increased ( p < 0.01) urea and creatinine levels in serum and TBARS levels in renal tissues. Rats treated with ROF significantly ( p < 0.01) restore the altered levels of kidney injury markers, nonenzymatic antioxidant, as well as depleted enzymes in dose-dependent manner. An increased expression of NF-κB p65 and decreased expression of GST and NQO1 in the Cd only treated group were significantly reversed by high dose of ROF (1.5 mg/kg). Histopathological changes were also ameliorated by ROF administration in Cd-treated groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, ROF treatment showed protective effect against renal damage and increased oxidative stress induced by Cd administration.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Al-Harbi MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Alotaibi MR, As Sobeai HM, Afzal M, Kazmi I, Al Rikabi AC. Rutin inhibits carfilzomib-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via the NOS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:817-827. [PMID: 30600471 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carfilzomib (CFZ), a proteasome inhibitor approved by the FDA to treat multiple myeloma, may cause nephrotoxicity. HYPOTHESIS Rutin is a bioflavonoid with antioxidant properties. We aimed to examine whether rutin protects the kidney from CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity. STUDY DESIGN This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of rutin on CFZ-induced renal injury via the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): Group 1 (normal control; NC) was administered normal saline for 3 weeks; Group 2 (CFZ/toxic group) received CFZ [4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection] twice weekly for 3 weeks; Group 3 (standard treatment group) was administered CFZ (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and olmesartan (2 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks; Group 4 was administered CFZ (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and rutin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks; Group 5 was administered CFZ (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and rutin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks; and Group 6 was administered CFZ (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and rutin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks. We carried out haematological and biochemical analyses, determined oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and protein levels, and performed a histopathological evaluation to confirm CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity and its prevention by rutin administration. RESULTS Exposure to only CFZ significantly (p < 0.05) increased white blood cell (WBC) count, Hb%, and HTC% concentration; however, these features were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when olmesartan and rutin were administered. CFZ administration significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) the level of antioxidant enzymes; whereas, administration of olmesartan and rutin significantly reversed (p < 0.05) their levels toward the normal range. The levels of caspase-3 enzyme significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the CFZ group and were reduced toward the normal values by olmesartan and rutin administration. Furthermore, the results of NOS-2, NF-κB, IkBa, and IL-17 protein estimation and the histopathological evaluation strengthened our findings that rutin exhibits a protective effect against CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION These findings clearly demonstrate that rutin ameliorates CFZ-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in nephrotoxicity via the NOS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Qamar W, Aljerian K, Belali OM, Alsanea S, Alanazi AZ, Alhazzani K. Apremilast ameliorates carfilzomib-induced pulmonary inflammation and vascular injuries. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:260-266. [PMID: 30500623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) due to chemotherapy occurs frequently. It presents a challenge for clinicians managing therapies for different types of cancers. Carfilzomib (Kyprolis™) is a new proteasome inhibitor that shows promise for the treatment of relapsing multiple myeloma. However, several cases of severe ALI have raised concern about the use of carfilzomib against relapsed multiple myelomas. To improve the efficacy of carfilzomib, a new anti-inflammatory drug for psoriasis treatment, apremilast (Otezla™) was investigated for its protective effects against carfilzomib-induced ALI in rats. RT-PCR analyses revealed that carfilzomib administration in rats markedly increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor-kappa B and myeloperoxidase activity with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, was downregulated following carfilzomib administration. Reduction in glutathione levels indicated diminished cellular antioxidant defenses in response to carfilzomib-induced ALI. ALI was confirmed by histopathological observations in lung tissue slices. Apremilast administration reduced lung inflammation in terms of reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and alveolar infiltrating cells. Apremilast reversed all observed toxic effects of carfilzomib and prevented ALI in rats.
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Al-Asmari AF, Ansari MN, Al-Anazi WA, Bahashwan S, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Khan MR, Alsaad AM, Alotaibi MR. Apremilast prevent doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and inflammation in heart through inhibition of oxidative stress mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Alshetaili AS, Anwer MK, Alshahrani SM, Alalaiwe A, Alsulays BB, Ansari MJ, Imam F, Alshehri S. Characteristics and anticancer properties of Sunitinib malate-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles against human colon cancer HT-29 cells lines. TROP J PHARM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Alshahrani SM, Alshetaili AS, Alalaiwe A, Alsulays BB, Anwer MK, Al-Shdefat R, Imam F, Shakeel F. Anticancer Efficacy of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sunitinib Malate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 28620763 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib malate (SM) is reported as a weakly soluble drug in water due to its poor dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Hence, in the current study, various "self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)" of SM were prepared, characterized and evaluated for the enhancement of its in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy. On the basis of solubilization potential of SM in various excipients, "Lauroglycol-90 (oil), Triton-X100 (surfactant) and Transcutol-P (cosurfactant)" were selected for the preparation of SM SNEDDS. SM-loaded SNEDDS were developed by spontaneous emulsification method, characterized and evaluated for "thermodynamic stability, self-nanoemulsification efficiency, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), surface morphology, refractive index (RI), the percent of transmittance (% T) and drug release profile." In vitro dissolution rate of SM was significantly enhanced from an optimized SNEDDS in comparison with SM suspension. The optimized SNEDDS of SM with droplet size of 42.3 nm, PDI value of 0.174, ZP value of -36.4 mV, RI value of 1.339, % T value of 97.3%, and drug release profile of 95.4% (after 24 h via dialysis membrane) was selected for in vitro anticancer efficacy in human colon cancer cells (HT-29) by MTT assay. MTT assay indicated significant anticancer efficacy of optimized SM SNEDDS against HT-29 cells in comparison with free SM. The results of this study showed the great potential of SNEDDS in the enhancement of in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy of poorly soluble drug such as SM.
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Alanazi A, Algfeley SG, Al-Hosaini KA, Korashy HM, Imam F, Nagi MN. Therapeutic potential of carfilzomib, an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Almukhlafi TS, Ansari MN, Aljerian K, Ahmad SF. Apremilast reversed carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress, NF-κB and MAPK signaling in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:700-708. [PMID: 27785949 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1236425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ), is a potent, selective second generation proteasome inhibitor, used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of apremilast (AP) on the CFZ -induced cardiotoxicity. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, served as the control group, received normal saline. Group 2, served as the toxic group, received CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Groups 3 and 4, served as treatment groups, and received CFZ with concomitant oral administration of AP in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the present study, administration of CFZ resulted in a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), which were reversed by treatment with AP. CFZ resulted in a significant increase in heart malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decrease in cardiac glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity which were significantly reversed by treatment with AP. Induction of cardiotoxicity by CFZ significantly increased caspase-3 enzyme activity which were reversed by treatment with AP. RT-PCR analysis revealed an increased mRNA expression of NF-κB, ERK and JNK which were reversed by treatment with AP in cardiac tissues. Western blot analysis revealed an increased expression of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 and a decrease expression of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (Iκbα) with CFZ, which were reversed by treatment with AP. In conclusion, apremilast showed protective effect against CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Bakheet SA, Alhuraishi AM, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Hosaini KA, Al-Sharary SD, Attia MM, Alhoshani AR, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi MM, Imam F, Ahmad SF, Attia SM. Alleviation of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Genomic Damage by ProanthocyanidinsviaModulation of DNA Repair. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:559-566. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Zoheir KMA, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Attia SM, Shabanah OA, Ahmad SF. Dexamethasone Attenuates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2, and Pro-inflammatory Mediators. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:349-69. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Anwer MK, Jamil S, Ansari MJ, Iqbal M, Imam F, Shakeel F. Development and evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil loaded PLGA nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1179/1433075x15y.0000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Korashy HM, Ansari MA, Maayah ZH, Imam F, Raish M, Attafi IM, Alharbi NO, Moraished BA. Differential Effects of Sunitinib on the Expression Profiles of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Rat Liver and Kidneys. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Ansari MA, Zoheir KMA, Imam F, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Nadeem A, Korashy HM, Voronkov A, Berishvili V, Ahmad SF. Design and Synthesis of N-Arylphthalimides as Inhibitors of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor-Related Protein, Proinflammatory Mediators, and Cytokines in Carrageenan-Induced Lung Inflammation. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8850-67. [PMID: 26456029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N-Arylphthalimides (1-10P) derived from thalidomide by insertion of hydrophobic groups were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity, and (4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-N'-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide 6P was identified as a promising anti-inflammatory agent. Further testing confirmed that compared with the control, 6P treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in CD4(+), NF-κB p65(+), TNF-α(+), IL-6(+), GITR(+), and IL-17(+) cell populations and an increase in the Foxp3(+), CD4(+)Foxp3(+), and IκBα(+) populations in whole blood and pleural fluid of a mouse model of lung inflammation. Moreover, treatment with compound 6P decreased the proteins associated with inflammation including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, GITR, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, and iNOS and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and IL-4. Further, histopathological examination confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory effects of compound 6P. Thus, the N-arylphthalimide derivative 6P acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the carrageenan-induced lung inflammation model, suggesting that this compound may be useful for the treatment of inflammation in a clinical setting.
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Iqbal M, Khalil NY, Imam F, Khalid Anwer M. A validated high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS assay for accurate determination of rivaroxaban in plasma sample. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 39:79-88. [PMID: 25106734 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-014-1121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban is a novel, selective and potent oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, therapeutically indicated in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Like traditional anticoagulants, routine coagulation monitoring of rivaroxaban is not necessary, but important in some clinical circumstances. In this study, a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay for rapid determination of rivaroxaban in human plasma was developed and validated. Rivaroxaban and its internal standard (IS) were extracted from plasma using acetonitrile as protein precipitating agent. An isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile: 10 mM ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min was used for the separation of rivaroxaban and IS. Both rivaroxaban and IS was eluted within 1 min with a total run time of 1.5 min only. Electrospray ionization source in positive mode was used for the detections of rivaroxaban and IS. Precursor to product ion transition of m/z 436.00 > 144.87 for rivaroxaban and m/z 411.18 > 191.07 for IS were used in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Developed assay was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects and stability using official guideline on bioanalytical method.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Nagi MN, Bahashwan S. Riboflavin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:417-23. [PMID: 26360969 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. Riboflavin also works as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of riboflavin against acute lungs injury induced by the administration of a single intranasal dose (20 μg/rat) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in experimental rats. Administration of LPS resulted in marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p < 0.01) and MPO activity (p < 0.001), whereas marked decrease in glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GR) (p < 0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) activity. These changes were significantly (p < 0.001) improved by treatment with riboflavin in a dose-dependent manner (30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed similar protective effects as dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Administration of LPS showed marked cellular changes including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, infiltration of PMNs, etc., which were reversed by riboflavin administration. Histopathological examinations showed normal morphological structures of lungs tissue in the control group. These biochemical and histopathological examination were appended with iNOS and CAT gene expression. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased significantly (p < 0.001) and levels of CAT mRNA expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the animals exposed to LPS, while treatment with riboflavin significantly (p < 0.01) improved expression of both gene. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that riboflavin caused a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI. These results suggest that riboflavin may be used to protect against toxic effect of LPS in lungs.
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Al-Harbi NO, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Imam F, Al-Shabanah OA, Ahmad SF, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Bahashwan SA. Oxidative airway inflammation leads to systemic and vascular oxidative stress in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:237-45. [PMID: 25843257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance plays an important role in repeated cycles of airway inflammation observed in asthma. It is when reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm antioxidant defenses that a severe inflammatory state becomes apparent and may impact vasculature. Several studies have shown an association between airway inflammation and cardiovascular complications; however so far none has investigated the link between airway oxidative stress and systemic/vascular oxidative stress in a murine model of asthma. Therefore, this study investigated the contribution of oxidative stress encountered in asthmatic airways in modulation of vascular/systemic oxidant-antioxidant balance. Rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of aluminum hydroxide followed by several intranasal (i.n.) challenges with OVA. Rats were then assessed for airway and vascular inflammation, oxidative stress (ROS, lipid peroxides) and antioxidants measured as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiol content. Challenge with OVA led to increased airway inflammation and oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the vasculature was significantly inhibited by antioxidant treatment, N-acetyl cysteine; whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhalation worsened it. Therefore, our study shows that oxidative airway inflammation is associated with vascular/systemic oxidative stress which might predispose these patients to increased cardiovascular risk.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Rahman S, Al-Hosaini KA, Bahashwan S. Protection against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by olmesartan and aliskiren. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:697-702. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.963773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sharma H, Aqil M, Imam F, Alam MS, Kapur P, Pillai KK. A pharmacovigilance study in the department of medicine of a university teaching hospital. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2014; 5:46-9. [PMID: 25214918 PMCID: PMC4155150 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552007000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to monitor adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the Medicine out patient department (OPD) of a University Teaching Hospital.
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Nadeem A, Al-Shahrah OA, Korashy HM, Al-Hosaini KA, Ahmed M, Bahashwar S. Treatment with aliskiren ameliorates tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1329-36. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320314530178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Alharbi NO, Alharbi MM, Imam F, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Glutathione modulation during sensitization as well as challenge phase regulates airway reactivity and inflammation in mouse model of allergic asthma. Biochimie 2014; 103:61-70. [PMID: 24742380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione, being a major intracellular redox regulator has been shown to be implicated in regulation of airway reactivity and inflammation. However, no study so far has investigated the effect of glutathione depletion/repletion during sensitization and challenge phases separately, which could provide an important insight into the pathophysiology of allergic asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of glutathione depletion/repletion during sensitization and challenge phases separately in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a thiol donor were used for depletion or repletion of glutathione levels respectively during both sensitization and challenge phases separately followed by assessment of airway reactivity, inflammation and oxidant-antioxidant balance in allergic mice. Depletion of glutathione with BSO during sensitization as well as challenge phase worsened allergen induced airway reactivity/inflammation and caused greater oxidant-antioxidant imbalance as reflected by increased NADPH oxidase expression/reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation/lipid peroxides formation and decreased total antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, repletion of glutathione pool by NAC during sensitization and challenge phases counteracted allergen induced airway reactivity/inflammation and restored oxidant-antioxidant balance through a decrease in NADPH oxidase expression/ROS generation/lipid peroxides formation and increase in total antioxidant capacity. Taken together, these findings suggest that depletion or repletion of glutathione exacerbates or ameliorates allergic asthma respectively by regulation of airway oxidant-antioxidant balance. This might have implications towards increased predisposition to allergy by glutathione depleting environmental pollutants.
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Kazmi I, Afzal M, Rahman S, Iqbal M, Imam F, Anwar F. Antiobesity potential of ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside by inhibiting pancreatic lipase. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 709:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khayyam KU, Imam F, Sharma M, Pillai KK, Behera D. Pyrazinamide-induced maculopapular rash. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 55:384-6. [PMID: 21430897 PMCID: PMC3051304 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.74562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide is a commonly used first-line antitubercular drug. Gastric-related adverse drug reactions are common with pyrazinamide. Dermatological manifestations due to pyrazinamide are rare. This study aimed find out the dermatological manifestations/adverse drug reaction (ADR) due to pyrazinamide. We reported a case of maculopapular rash caused by pyrazinamide in a patient on antituberculosis treatment using structured questionnaires. The patient developed maculopapular rashes on receiving combination antituberculosis treatment. The rashes disappeared after stopping the suspected drug. The patient was rechallenged with pyrazinamide, which led to reappearance of a similar type of rash. The causality, preventability, and severity were assessed using the Naranjo algorithm and Hartwig scale. Since pyrazinamide is a commonly used drug in tuberculosis and which is a common infectious disease in developing countries, with the similar reports, we can predict early case detection and can prevent the occurrence of similar reactions in future.
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