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Ritort F. Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Small Systems: From Physics to Biology. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470238080.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Junier I, Ritort F. Unstructured intermediate states in single protein force experiments. Proteins 2007; 71:1145-55. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.21802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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53
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Manosas M, Wen JD, Li PTX, Smith SB, Bustamante C, Tinoco I, Ritort F. Force unfolding kinetics of RNA using optical tweezers. II. Modeling experiments. Biophys J 2007; 92:3010-21. [PMID: 17293409 PMCID: PMC1852354 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.094243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By exerting mechanical force, it is possible to unfold/refold RNA molecules one at a time. In a small range of forces, an RNA molecule can hop between the folded and the unfolded state with force-dependent kinetic rates. Here, we introduce a mesoscopic model to analyze the hopping kinetics of RNA hairpins in an optical tweezers setup. The model includes different elements of the experimental setup (beads, handles, and RNA sequence) and limitations of the instrument (time lag of the force-feedback mechanism and finite bandwidth of data acquisition). We investigated the influence of the instrument on the measured hopping rates. Results from the model are in good agreement with the experiments reported in the companion article. The comparison between theory and experiments allowed us to infer the values of the intrinsic molecular rates of the RNA hairpin alone and to search for the optimal experimental conditions to do the measurements. We conclude that the longest handles and softest traps that allow detection of the folding/unfolding signal (handles approximately 5-10 Kbp and traps approximately 0.03 pN/nm) represent the best conditions to obtain the intrinsic molecular rates. The methodology and rationale presented here can be applied to other experimental setups and other molecules.
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Wen JD, Manosas M, Li PTX, Smith SB, Bustamante C, Ritort F, Tinoco I. Force unfolding kinetics of RNA using optical tweezers. I. Effects of experimental variables on measured results. Biophys J 2007; 92:2996-3009. [PMID: 17293410 PMCID: PMC1852336 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.094052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental variables of optical tweezers instrumentation that affect RNA folding/unfolding kinetics were investigated. A model RNA hairpin, P5ab, was attached to two micron-sized beads through hybrid RNA/DNA handles; one bead was trapped by dual-beam lasers and the other was held by a micropipette. Several experimental variables were changed while measuring the unfolding/refolding kinetics, including handle lengths, trap stiffness, and modes of force applied to the molecule. In constant-force mode where the tension applied to the RNA was maintained through feedback control, the measured rate coefficients varied within 40% when the handle lengths were changed by 10-fold (1.1-10.2 Kbp); they increased by two- to threefold when the trap stiffness was lowered to one-third (from 0.1 to 0.035 pN/nm). In the passive mode, without feedback control and where the force applied to the RNA varied in response to the end-to-end distance change of the tether, the RNA hopped between a high-force folded-state and a low-force unfolded-state. In this mode, the rates increased up to twofold with longer handles or softer traps. Overall, the measured rates remained with the same order-of-magnitude over the wide range of conditions studied. In the companion article on pages 3010-3021, we analyze how the measured kinetics parameters differ from the intrinsic molecular rates of the RNA, and thus how to obtain the molecular rates.
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Ritort F. Single-molecule experiments in biological physics: methods and applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:R531-R583. [PMID: 21690856 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/32/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
I review single-molecule experiments (SMEs) in biological physics. Recent technological developments have provided the tools to design and build scientific instruments of high enough sensitivity and precision to manipulate and visualize individual molecules and measure microscopic forces. Using SMEs it is possible to manipulate molecules one at a time and measure distributions describing molecular properties, characterize the kinetics of biomolecular reactions and detect molecular intermediates. SMEs provide additional information about thermodynamics and kinetics of biomolecular processes. This complements information obtained in traditional bulk assays. In SMEs it is also possible to measure small energies and detect large Brownian deviations in biomolecular reactions, thereby offering new methods and systems to scrutinize the basic foundations of statistical mechanics. This review is written at a very introductory level, emphasizing the importance of SMEs to scientists interested in knowing the common playground of ideas and the interdisciplinary topics accessible by these techniques. The review discusses SMEs from an experimental perspective, first exposing the most common experimental methodologies and later presenting various molecular systems where such techniques have been applied. I briefly discuss experimental techniques such as atomic-force microscopy (AFM), laser optical tweezers (LOTs), magnetic tweezers (MTs), biomembrane force probes (BFPs) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF). I then present several applications of SME to the study of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and DNA condensation) and proteins (protein-protein interactions, protein folding and molecular motors). Finally, I discuss applications of SMEs to the study of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small systems and the experimental verification of fluctuation theorems. I conclude with a discussion of open questions and future perspectives.
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Manosas M, Collin D, Ritort F. Force-dependent fragility in RNA hairpins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:218301. [PMID: 16803276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We apply Kramers theory to investigate the dissociation of multiple bonds under mechanical force and interpret experimental results for the unfolding and refolding force distributions of an RNA hairpin pulled at different loading rates using laser tweezers. We identify two different kinetic regimes depending on the range of forces explored during the unfolding and refolding process. The present approach extends the range of validity of the two-states approximation by providing a theoretical framework to reconstruct free-energy landscapes and identify force-induced structural changes in molecular transition states using single molecule pulling experiments. The method should be applicable to RNA hairpins with multiple kinetic barriers.
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Ritort F, Mihardja S, Smith SB, Bustamante C. Condensation transition in DNA-polyaminoamide dendrimer fibers studied using optical tweezers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:118301. [PMID: 16605879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.118301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
When mixed together, DNA and polyaminoamide dendrimers form fibers that condense into a compact structure. We use optical tweezers to pull condensed fibers and investigate the decondensation transition by measuring force-extension curves (FECs). A characteristic force plateau (around 10 pN) and hysteresis between the pulling and relaxation cycles are observed for different dendrimer sizes, indicating the existence of a first-order transition between two phases (condensed and extended) of the fiber. Upon salt variation FECs change noticeably confirming that electrostatic forces drive the condensation transition. We propose a simple model for the decondensing transition that qualitatively reproduces the FECs and which is confirmed by atomic force microscopy images.
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Garriga A, Sollich P, Pagonabarraga I, Ritort F. Universality of fluctuation-dissipation ratios: the ferromagnetic model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:056114. [PMID: 16383695 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.056114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We calculate analytically the fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR) for Ising ferromagnets quenched to criticality, both for the long-range model and its short-range analog in the limit of large dimension. Our exact solution shows that, for both models, if the system is unmagnetized while if the initial magnetization is nonzero. This indicates that two different classes of critical coarsening dynamics need to be distinguished depending on the initial conditions, each with its own nontrivial FDR. We also analyze the dependence of the FDR on whether local and global observables are used. These results clarify how a proper local FDR (and the corresponding effective temperature) should be defined in long-range models in order to avoid spurious inconsistencies and maintain the expected correspondence between local and global results; global observables turn out to be far more robust tools for detecting nonequilibrium FDRs.
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Collin D, Ritort F, Jarzynski C, Smith SB, Tinoco I, Bustamante C. Verification of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and recovery of RNA folding free energies. Nature 2005; 437:231-4. [PMID: 16148928 PMCID: PMC1752236 DOI: 10.1038/nature04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopes and optical tweezers are widely used to probe the mechanical properties of individual molecules and molecular interactions, by exerting mechanical forces that induce transitions such as unfolding or dissociation. These transitions often occur under nonequilibrium conditions and are associated with hysteresis effects-features usually taken to preclude the extraction of equilibrium information from the experimental data. But fluctuation theorems allow us to relate the work along nonequilibrium trajectories to thermodynamic free-energy differences. They have been shown to be applicable to single-molecule force measurements and have already provided information on the folding free energy of a RNA hairpin. Here we show that the Crooks fluctuation theorem can be used to determine folding free energies for folding and unfolding processes occurring in weak as well as strong nonequilibrium regimes, thereby providing a test of its validity under such conditions. We use optical tweezers to measure repeatedly the mechanical work associated with the unfolding and refolding of a small RNA hairpin and an RNA three-helix junction. The resultant work distributions are then analysed according to the theorem and allow us to determine the difference in folding free energy between an RNA molecule and a mutant differing only by one base pair, and the thermodynamic stabilizing effect of magnesium ions on the RNA structure.
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60
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Garriga A, Ritort F. Mode-dependent nonequilibrium temperature in aging systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:031505. [PMID: 16241442 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.031505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an exactly solvable model for glassy dynamics with many relaxational modes, each one characterized by a different relaxational time scale. Analytical solution of the aging dynamics at low temperatures shows that a nonequilibrium or effective temperature can be associated to each time scale or mode. The spectrum of effective temperatures shows two regions that are separated by an age-dependent boundary threshold. Region I is characterized by partially equilibrated modes that relax faster than the modes at the threshold boundary. Thermal fluctuations and time correlations for modes in region I show that those modes are in mutual thermal equilibrium at a unique age-dependent effective temperature theta(s). In contrast, modes with relaxational time scales longer than that of modes at the threshold (region II) show diffusive properties and do not share the common temperature theta(s). The shift of the threshold toward lower energy modes as the system ages, and the progressive shrinking of region II, determines how the full spectrum of modes equilibrates. As is usually done in experiments, we have defined a frequency-dependent effective temperature and we have found that all modes in region I are mutually equilibrated at the temperature theta(s) independently of the probing frequency. The present model aims to explain transport anomalies observed in supercooled liquids in terms of a collection of structurally disordered and cooperative rearranging mesoscopic regions.
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Abstract
Recent single-molecule pulling experiments have shown how it is possible to manipulate RNA molecules using laser tweezers. In this article we investigate a minimal model for the experimental setup which includes an RNA molecule connected to two polymers (handles) and a bead trapped in the optical potential and attached to one of the handles. We start by considering the case of small single-domain RNA molecules, which unfold in a cooperative way. The model qualitatively reproduces the experimental results and allows us to investigate the influence of the bead and handles on the unfolding reaction. A main ingredient of the model is to consider the appropriate statistical ensemble and the corresponding thermodynamic potential describing thermal fluctuations in the system. We then investigate several questions relevant to extract thermodynamic information from experimental data. The kinetics of unfolding is also studied by introducing a dynamical model. Finally, we apply the model to the more general problem of a multidomain RNA molecule with Mg(2+) tertiary contacts that unfolds in a sequential way.
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigate nonequilibrium temperatures in a two-state system driven to a nonequilibrium steady state by the action of an oscillatory field. The nonequilibrium temperature is determined by coupling a small cavity or probe to the nonequilibrium system and studying the fluctuating noise in the cavity, as has been proposed in the context of glassy systems. We show the presence of resonant effects in the nonequilibrium temperature and discuss the existence of a constitutive steady-state equation in such nonequilibrium conditions. We propose this simple model as an excellent system to carry out experimental measurements of nonequilibrium temperatures. This may help to better understand the physical meaning of such an elusive concept.
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63
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Trepagnier EH, Jarzynski C, Ritort F, Crooks GE, Bustamante CJ, Liphardt J. Experimental test of Hatano and Sasa's nonequilibrium steady-state equality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:15038-41. [PMID: 15469914 PMCID: PMC524055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406405101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most natural processes occur far from equilibrium and cannot be treated within the framework of classical thermodynamics. In 1998, Oono and Paniconi [Oono, Y. & Paniconi, M. (1998) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 130, 29-44] proposed a general phenomenological framework, steady-state thermodynamics, encompassing nonequilibrium steady states and transitions between such states. In 2001, Hatano and Sasa [Hatano, T. & Sasa, S. (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3463-3466] derived a testable prediction of this theory. Specifically, they were able to show that the exponential average of Y, a quantity similar to a dissipated work, should be equal to zero for arbitrary transitions between nonequilibrium steady states, -ln = 0. We have tested this strong prediction by measuring the dissipation and fluctuations of microspheres optically driven through water. We have found that -ln approximately 0 for three different nonequilibrium systems, supporting Hatano and Sasa's proposed extension of thermodynamics to arbitrary steady states and irreversible transitions.
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64
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Ritort F. Spontaneous Relaxation in Generalized Oscillator Models with Glassy Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037991y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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65
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Ritort F. Universal dependence of the fluctuation–dissipation ratio on the transition rates in trap models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/36/43/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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66
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Gore J, Ritort F, Bustamante C. Bias and error in estimates of equilibrium free-energy differences from nonequilibrium measurements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:12564-9. [PMID: 14528008 PMCID: PMC240657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1635159100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1997, Jarzynski proved a remarkable equality that allows one to compute the equilibrium free-energy difference DeltaF between two states from the probability distribution of the nonequilibrium work W done on the system to switch between the states, e-DeltaF/kappaT =e-W/kappaT [Jarzynski, C. (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 2690-2693]. The Jarzynski equality provides a powerful free-energy difference estimator from a set of N irreversible experiments and is closely related to free-energy perturbation, a common computational technique for estimating free-energy differences. Despite the many applications of the Jarzynski estimator, its behavior is only poorly understood. In this article we derive the large N limit for the Jarzynski estimator bias, variance, and mean square error that is correct for arbitrary perturbations. We then analyze the properties of the Jarzynski estimator for all N when the probability distribution of work values is Gaussian, as occurs, for example, in the near-equilibrium regime. This allows us to quantitatively compare it to two other free-energy difference estimators: the mean work estimator and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem estimator. We show that, for near-equilibrium switching, the Jarzynski estimator is always superior to the mean work estimator and is even superior to the fluctuation-dissipation estimator for small N. The Jarzynski-estimator bias is shown to be the dominant source of error in many cases. Our expression for the bias is used to develop a bias-corrected Jarzynski free-energy difference estimator in the near-equilibrium regime.
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67
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Crisanti A, Ritort F. Violation of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem in glassy systems: basic notions and the numerical evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/36/21/201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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68
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Ritort F, Bustamante C, Tinoco I. A two-state kinetic model for the unfolding of single molecules by mechanical force. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13544-8. [PMID: 12374867 PMCID: PMC129710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.172525099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the work dissipated during the irreversible unfolding of single molecules by mechanical force, using the simplest model necessary to represent experimental data. The model consists of two levels (folded and unfolded states) separated by an intermediate barrier. We compute the probability distribution for the dissipated work and give analytical expressions for the average and variance of the distribution. To first order, the amount of dissipated work is directly proportional to the rate of application of force (the loading rate) and to the relaxation time of the molecule. The model yields estimates for parameters that characterize the unfolding kinetics under force in agreement with those obtained in recent experimental results. We obtain a general equation for the minimum number of repeated experiments needed to obtain an equilibrium free energy, to within k(B)T, from nonequilibrium experiments by using the Jarzynski formula. The number of irreversible experiments grows exponentially with the ratio of the average dissipated work, W(dis) to k(B)T.
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69
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Leuzzi L, Ritort F. Disordered backgammon model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:056125. [PMID: 12059665 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.056125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we consider an exactly solvable model that displays glassy behavior at zero temperature due to entropic barriers. The new ingredient of the model is the existence of different energy scales or modes associated with different relaxational time scales. Low-temperature relaxation takes place by partial equilibration of successive lower-energy modes. An adiabatic scaling solution, defined in terms of a threshold energy scale epsilon*, is proposed. For such a solution, modes with energy epsilon>>epsilon* are equilibrated at the bath temperature, modes with epsilon<<epsilon* remain out of equilibrium, and relaxation occurs in the neighborhood of the threshold epsilon approximately epsilon*. The model is presented as a toy example to investigate the conditions related to the existence of an effective temperature in glassy systems and its possible dependence on the energy sector is probed by the corresponding observable.
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70
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Crisanti A, Ritort F, Rocco A, Sellitto M. Inherent structures and nonequilibrium dynamics of one-dimensional constrained kinetic models: A comparison study. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1324994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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71
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Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ritort F. Absence of ageing in the remanent magnetization in Migdal-Kadanoff spin glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/33/20/301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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72
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Heerema M, Ritort F. Damage spreading transition in glasses: a probe for the ruggedness of the configurational landscape. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:3646-65. [PMID: 11970198 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1998] [Revised: 06/10/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We consider damage spreading transitions in the framework of mode-coupling theory. This theory describes relaxation processes in glasses in the mean-field approximation which are known to be characterized by the presence of an exponentially large number of metastable states. For systems evolving under identical but arbitrarily correlated noises, we demonstrate that there exists a critical temperature T0 which separates two different dynamical regimes depending on whether damage spreads or not in the asymptotic long-time limit. This transition exists for generic noise correlations such that the zero damage solution is stable at high temperatures, being minimal for maximal noise correlations. Although this dynamical transition depends on the type of noise correlations, we show that the asymptotic damage has the good properties of a dynamical order parameter, such as (i) independence of the initial damage; (ii) independence of the class of initial condition; and (iii) stability of the transition in the presence of asymmetric interactions which violate detailed balance. For maximally correlated noises we suggest that damage spreading occurs due to the presence of a divergent number of saddle points (as well as metastable states) in the thermodynamic limit consequence of the ruggedness of the free-energy landscape which characterizes the glassy state. These results are then compared to extensive numerical simulations of a mean-field glass model (the Bernasconi model) with Monte Carlo heat-bath dynamics. The freedom of choosing arbitrary noise correlations for Langevin dynamics makes damage spreading an interesting tool to probe the ruggedness of the configurational landscape.
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73
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Parisi G, Picco M, Ritort F. Continuous phase transition in a spin-glass model without time-reversal symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:58-68. [PMID: 11969737 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the phase transition in a strongly disordered short-range three-spin interaction model characterized by the absence of time-reversal symmetry in the Hamiltonian. In the mean-field limit the model is well described by the Adam-Gibbs-DiMarzio scenario for the glass transition; however, in the short-range case this picture turns out to be modified. The model presents a finite temperature continuous phase transition characterized by a divergent spin-glass susceptibility and a negative specific-heat exponent. We expect the nature of the transition in this three-spin model to be the same as the transition in the Edwards-Anderson model in a magnetic field, with the advantage that the strong crossover effects present in the latter case are absent.
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74
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Perez CJ, Ritort F. A moment-based approach to the dynamical solution of the Kuramoto model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/30/23/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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75
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Parisi G, Ritort F, Slanina F. Several results on the finite-size corrections in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin-glass model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/26/15/026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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76
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77
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Marinari E, Parisi G, Ritort F. Replica field theory for deterministic models: I. Binary sequences with low autocorrelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/27/23/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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78
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79
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Santis ED, Parisi G, Ritort F. On the static and dynamical transition in the mean-field Potts glass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/28/11/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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80
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Parisi G, Ritort F, Slanina F. Critical finite-size corrections for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/26/2/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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81
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Azcoiti V, Follana E, Ritort F. Static chaos in spin glasses: the case of quenched disorder perturbations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/28/14/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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82
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Ciria JC, Parisi G, Ritort F. Four-dimensional Ising spin glass: scaling within the spin-glass phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/26/23/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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83
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84
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Marinari E, Parisi G, Ritort F. The fully frustrated hypercubic model is glassy and aging at large D. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/28/2/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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85
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Marinari E, Parisi G, Ritort F. Replica field theory for deterministic models. II. A non-random spin glass with glassy behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/27/23/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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86
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87
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88
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89
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90
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Alvarez D, Franz S, Ritort F. Fragile-glass behavior of a short-range p-spin model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:9756-9764. [PMID: 9984709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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91
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Bonilla LL, Padilla FG, Parisi G, Ritort F. Closure of the Monte Carlo dynamical equations in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:4170-4182. [PMID: 9986321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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92
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Follana E, Ritort F. Evidence of a critical time in constrained kinetic Ising models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:930-937. [PMID: 9985360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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93
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Marinari E, Parisi G, Ruiz-Lorenzo J, Ritort F. Numerical evidence for spontaneously broken replica symmetry in 3D spin glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:843-846. [PMID: 10061564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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94
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Ritort F. Glassiness in a Model without Energy Barriers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:1190-1193. [PMID: 10060228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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95
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Cugliandolo LF, Kurchan J, Parisi G, Ritort F. Matrix models as solvable glass models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1012-1015. [PMID: 10058905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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96
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Picco M, Ritort F. Numerical study of the Ising spin glass in a magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1051/jp1:1994114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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97
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Ritort F. Static chaos and scaling behavior in the spin-glass phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:6844-6853. [PMID: 9974640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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98
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Cugliandolo LF, Kurchan J, Ritort F. Evidence of aging in spin-glass mean-field models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6331-6334. [PMID: 10011624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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99
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Brunetti R, Parisi G, Ritort F. Asymmetric Little spin-glass model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:5339-5350. [PMID: 10004313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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