Células-tronco mesenquimais aplicadas nas fases inflamatória e proliferativa da cicatrização de feridas cutâneas

RESUMO A cicatrização de feridas é um processo que requer a interação de várias células da derme e epiderme. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qual o momento da aplicação das células das ADSCs em feridas cutâneas agudas que faria diferença na cicatrização nos primeiros sete dias da lesão. As células-tronco foram isoladas do tecido adiposo de camundongos C57Bl/6 GFP+. Para tanto, foram utilizados 49 camundongos C57Bl/6, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I (GI/controle; n=14); grupo II (GII; n=14): ADSCs injetadas no d0; grupo III (GIII; n=14): ADSCs injetadas no terceiro dia; e Grupo IV (GIV; n=7): ADSCs injetadas no quinto dia. As avaliações clínicas ocorreram nos dias zero, três, cinco e sete, e as histopatológicas nos dias cinco e sete. Na metodologia proposta, foi observado que o uso de ADSCs aumenta a vascularização, a formação de tecido de granulação, a colagenização e incrementa o número de folículos pilosos em apenas sete dias de avaliação. Além disso, o momento da aplicação das células não repercutiu diferenças significativas nas fases inflamatória e proliferativa do processo de cicatrização das feridas cutâneas.

Mão Reumatóide: revisão de 124 Próteses Mcf de Silicone

Objectivos: O tratamento consensual na doença articular avançada da metacarpofalângica é a artroplastia com interposição de prótese. O objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o resultado das artroplastias de silicone realizadas em mãos reumatóides, no serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital de Santo António, nos últimos 15 anos.

Material e método: foram revistas 124 próteses de 26 doentes operados nos últimos 15 anos, avaliando-os clínica e radiologicamente, com aplicação de escalas e algoritmos de avaliação de dor, função pré e pós operatória, resultado estético e satisfação global.

Resultados: A maioria dos doentes apresentava artrite reumatóide, atingimento bilateral sendo avaliado o follow-up entre 18 meses e 13 anos. A indicação cirúrgica predominante foi a dor seguida e acompanhada pelo défice de função. Utilizou-se a prótese de Swanson em 82% dos doentes, com correcção do desvio cubital associado em 47%. Houve uma recuperação média de 28 graus do arco de mobilidade articular e 4 graus na escala decimal de dor. Registaram-se 10 complicações (seis fracturas e quatro luxações de prótese). A satisfação global dos doentes foi positiva (67%) com melhoria das actividades da vida diária e deformidade das mãos.

Conclusão: A prótese de silicone demonstrou ser uma boa opção de tratamento para a doença articular reumatóide das MCF com excelentes resultados funcionais, estéticos e dor.

Interobserver Agreement Using Histological Scoring of the Canine Liver

Background

Grading schemes for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans previously have been applied to dogs with chronic hepatitis. Interobserver agreement is a desirable characteristic for any histological scoring scheme.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To assess interobserver agreement associated with pathologists using a previously published histological scoring scheme to assess hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs and to compare fibrosis scores assigned to serial sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and picrosirius red.

Animals

Histological sections of liver from 50 dogs with variable degrees of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity were selected from institutional tissue archives.

Methods

Six board‐certified veterinary anatomic pathologists assigned fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity scores to the histological sections. The multiuser kappa statistic was calculated to assess interobserver agreement. Fibrosis stage assigned to serial sections stained with picrosirius red and H&E was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Multiuser kappa statistics for assessment of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity from H&E‐stained sections were 0.35 and 0.16, respectively. There was no difference in median fibrosis scores assigned to serial section stained with H&E and picrosirius red (P = .248).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

There was fair interobserver agreement when pathologists assessed fibrosis and poor agreement when they assessed necroinflammatory activity. This suboptimal agreement must be taken into account by clinicians making decisions based on histology reports of the liver and in the design of studies evaluating these findings. To decrease this variability, ideally >1 pathologist should evaluate each section.

Impact of GGCX, STX1B and FPGS Polymorphisms on Warfarin Dose Requirements in European-Americans and Egyptians

Genotype-based algorithms that include VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes are less predictive of warfarin dose variability in Africans as opposed to Europeans. Polymorphisms in GGCX, FPGS, or STX1B are associated with warfarin dose requirements in African-Americans. We sought to determine if they influenced warfarin dose in European-Americans, and another African population, specifically Egyptians. We genotyped 529 adults (n = 325 European-Americans, 204 Egyptians) on a stable warfarin dose for GGCX rs12714145 and rs10654848, FPGS rs7856096, and STX1B rs4889606. Rs12714145, rs10654848, and rs7856096 were not associated with warfarin dose, whereas STX1B rs4889606 was a significant determinant in univariate analysis (P < 0.0001) in both cohorts. However, STX1B rs4889606 was in high linkage disequilibrium with VKORC1-1639 G>A, and was no longer significant after including VKORC1-1639 G>A in the regression model. Based on these data, the polymorphisms do not appear to influence, in a clinically important way, warfarin dose requirements in European-Americans and Egyptians.

70 GONADAL DEVELOPMENT IN GUINEA PIG MALES (CAVIA PORCELLUS)

Sexual differentiation in mammals is an event that presents many variations between species. Because it is related to hormonal function, any imbalance in the androgens and estrogens production can lead to malformations. Because sexual differentiation occurs in different ways among various animals, the recognition of their peculiarities becomes important in order to correct reproductive handling in different species. Considering that the guinea pig is commonly used as an experimental model in the reproductive area, the goal of this work was to perform a morphological description of gonad differentiation of the male guinea pig during embryonic development. In total, 11 conceptuses with ages 25 (n = 3), 30 (n = 2), 40 (n = 2), 50 (n = 2), and 65 (n = 2) days were used for light microscopy processing. The embryos at 25 days were processed completely. For the others, the gonads were dissected. The samples were dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and 5-µm sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In the guinea pig gonad at 25 days gestation, there was a presence of gonadal cords, formed by condensation of somatic cells, which is characteristic of an undifferentiated gonad. In addition, we observed the presence of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in different embryos, indicating that other genital system organs were not formed. For the 30 days of development of guinea pigs, we observed that gonadal cords were differentiated in testicular cords by invasion of mesenchymal and endothelial cells, and also composed of Sertoli cells and primordial germ cells. These cords were among a large amount of testicular mesenchyme at the 40-day group. With 50- and 65-day development samples, the gonad was completely differentiated into testicle, with the presence of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules, and a large amount of interstitial Leydig cells around the tubules. We conclude that gonadal differentiation in guinea pig males occurs around the middle of pregnancy, between 25 and 30 days and that, before the end of the pregnancy, at 50 days, the testicle presents morphology similar to that found in the postnatal period.

Growth and characterization of SiGeSn quantum well photodiodes

We report on the fabrication and electro-optical characterization of SiGeSn multi-quantum well PIN diodes. Two types of PIN diodes, in which two and four quantum wells with well and barrier thicknesses of 10 nm each are sandwiched between B- and Sb-doped Ge-regions, were fabricated as single-mesa devices, using a low-temperature fabrication process. We discuss measurements of the diode characteristics, optical responsivity and room-temperature electroluminescence and compare with theoretical predictions from band structure calculations.

Tunable green to red ZrO2:Er nanophosphors

Pulsed laser ablation in water was validated as an effective method to produced erbium-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles with intense up-conversion luminescence.

Treatment of diabetic foot complications with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a retrospective experience

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective observational study of all patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated at the Institution's hyperbaric chamber between January 2010 and August 2012. Patient data was obtained upon patient hospital visit and prospective clinical record consultation.

RESULTS

Twenty-six foot lesions including 13 foot ulcers Wagner grade 2 or greater and 13 amputation stump ulcers were submitted to hyperbaric oxygen therapy between January 2010 and August 2012 in our Institution. Of these, 23 foot lesions completed treatment and complete epithelialization of the primary lesion was achieved in 15 (65%). The mean healing period since the first hyperbaric oxygen therapy session was 16 weeks. Above-ankle amputations were performed in 3 limbs and transmetatarsal amputations in 2 limbs.

CONCLUSION

Hyperbaric oxygen may be associated with ulcer healing in selected diabetic foot ulcers with impaired cicatrization.

105 COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS (BOS INDICUS) DERIVED FROM IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, SNC, AND PARTHENOGENESIS

It is known that embryos produced in vitro may have structural alterations that often compromise the normal embryo development, generating a high rate of pregnancy loss. The study of these changes is of great importance because it may elucidate the cause of embryonic loss during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare ultrastructurally bovine blastocysts in the 7th day of development produced by IVF, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and parthenogenesis. In vitro-produced embryos were derived from in vitro-matured oocytes. The somatic cell used to make cloning was fibroblasts of adult cows, and the protocol for parthenogenetic activation of the embryos was done with ionomycin-DMAP. The blastocysts derived from the different experimental groups were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for transmission electron microscopy evaluation. The results showed that blastocysts derived by SNC and parthenogenesis exhibited a significantly reduced size; the inner cell mass and the blastocoel were not well defined compared with IVF embryos, indicating a less-advanced state of development. Furthermore, organelles of blastocysts derived from SCNT and parthenogenesis were fewer in number and had changes in form, when compared with IVF blastocysts. In parthenogenetic embryos there was the presence of phagosomes, suggesting a high degradation activity of cellular. Mitochondria showed the most significant changes. Although they occur in large quantities in all blastocysts, the morphology of them was impaired in SNC and parthenogenetic embryos (vacuolization, abnormal shape). Such modifications could suggest changes in mitochondria functionality, which may decrease cellular metabolic activity. Thus, we find that the D7 blastocysts derived from SCNT and parthenogenesis showed several ultrastructural differences compared with IVF embryos, with particular reference to a reduced number and morphology of embryo organelles.

Bmoo FIBMP-I: A New Fibrinogenolytic Metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni Snake Venom

A new fibrinogenolytic metalloproteinase (Bmoo FIBMP-I) was purified from Bothrops moojeni snake venom. This enzyme was isolated through a combination of three chromatographic steps (ion-exchange, molecular exclusion, and affinity chromatography). Analyses by reverse phase chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry, showed the presence of enzyme isoforms with average molecular mass of 22.8 kDa. The SDS-PAGE analyses showed a single chain of 27.6 kDa, in the presence and absence of reducing agent. The protein has a blocked N-terminal. One of the peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion of a reduced and S-alkylated isoform was completely sequenced by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Bmoo FIBMP-I showed similarity with hemorrhagic factor and several metalloproteinases (MP). This enzyme degraded Aα-chain faster than the Bβ-chain and did not affect the γ-chain of bovine fibrinogen. The absence of proteolytic activity after treatment with EDTA, together with the observed molecular mass, led us to suggest that Bmoo FIBMP-I is a member of the P-I class of the snake venom MP family. Bmoo FIBMP-I showed pH-dependent proteolytic activity on azocasein, but was devoid of coagulant, defibrinating, or hemorrhagic activities. The kinetic parameters of proteolytic activity in azocasein were determined (V max = 0.4596 Uh(-1)nmol(-1) ± 0.1031 and K m = 14.59 mg/mL ± 4.610).