Protective Effect of Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Rat Liver

BACKGROUND

Flavonoids have been subjected to considerable investigation because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is no previously reported study about its effect on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We investigated the effects of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) on hepatic I/R injury in rats.

METHODS

Thirty rats were recruited in the study as follows: group A, sham operation (n = 10); group B, I/R (n = 10); and group C, I/R+MPFF (n = 10). In group C, rats received (80 mg/kg/day) MPFF by gavage for 3 days before surgery, 30 minutes before ischemia and just before the reperfusion. Blood samples were taken, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured to assess liver functions. Liver tissues were taken for histological evaluation and to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).

RESULTS

The present data showed a decrease in AST, ALT, and LDH levels in the MPFF-treated rats when compared with I/R group rats (P < .001 for all). In the MPFF-treated rats, tissue levels of TOS, OSI, and MPO were significantly lower than those in the I/R group (P < .01, P < .001, and P < .05, respectively). Increases in TAC and CAT levels were statistically significant in the MPFF-treated rats compared with the I/R group (P = .01 for both). On the other hand, MPFF attenuated histological alterations that were induced by I/R.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study demonstrates that MPFF ameliorates I/R-induced liver damage, probably through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The Effect of Sagittal Plane Deformities after Tibial Plateau Fractures to Functions and Instability of Knee Joint

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of posterior tibial slope after fracture healing on antero-posterior knee laxity, functional outcome and patient satisfaction.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

126 patients who were treated for tibial plateau fractures between 2008-2013 in the orthopedics and traumatology department of our institution were evaluated for the study. Patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopy assisted minimally invasive osteosynthesis or conservative treatment.

RESULTS

Mean posterior tibial slope after the treatment was 6.91 ± 5.11 and there was no significant difference when compared to the uninvolved side 6.42 ± 4,21 (p = 0.794). Knee laxity in anterior-posterior plane was 6.14 ± 2.11 and 5.95 ± 2.25 respectively on healthy and injured side. The difference of mean laxity in anterior-posterior plane between two sides was statistically significant.

DISCUSSION

In this study we found no difference in laxity between the injured and healthy knees. However Tegner score decreased significantly in patients who had greater laxity difference between the knees. We did not find significant difference between fracture type and laxity, IKDC functional scores independent of the ligamentous injury.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion despite coronal alignment is taken into consideration in treatment of tibial plateau fractures, sagittal alignment is reasonably important for stability and should not be ignored.

Comparison of four different techniques for performing an osteotomy: a biomechanical, radiological and histological study on rabbits tibias

This animal study compares different methods of performing an osteotomy, including using an Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser, histologically, radiologically and biomechanically. A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups (Group I: multihole-drilling; Group II: Gigli saw; Group III: electrical saw blade and Group IV: laser). A proximal transverse diaphyseal osteotomy was performed on the right tibias of the rabbits after the application of a circular external fixator. The rabbits were killed six weeks after the procedure, the operated tibias were resected and radiographs taken. The specimens were tested biomechanically using three-point bending forces, and four tibias from each group were examined histologically. Outcome parameters were the biomechanical stability of the tibias as assessed by the failure to load and radiographic and histological examination of the osteotomy site. The osteotomies healed in all specimens both radiographically and histologically. The differences in the mean radiographic (p = 0.568) and histological (p = 0.71) scores, and in the mean failure loads (p = 0.180) were not statistically significant between the groups. Different methods of performing an osteotomy give similar quality of union. The laser osteotomy, which is not widely used in orthopaedics is an alternative to the current methods.

Asthma phenotypes in Turkey: a multicenter cross-sectional study in adult asthmatics; PHENOTURK study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

To evaluate asthma phenotypes in patients with asthma from different regions of Turkey.

METHODS

A total of 1400 adult asthmatic patients (mean (SD) age: 44.0 (13.9) years, 75% females) from 14 centers across Turkey were included in this study and a standard questionnaire was applied between the time period of February 2011-January 2012.

RESULTS

The disease onset ≥ 40 years of age was higher percentage in obese vs. normal/overweight patients and nonallergic vs. allergic patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients who had FEV1 values over 80% was higher in allergic than nonallergic and normal/overweight than obese patients (P < 0.01). Uncontrolled asthmatics have more severe disease (P < 0.01). There were more frequent hospital admissions in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthmatics (P < 0.01). Chronic rhino-sinusitis was the leading comorbid disorder in normal/overweight and allergic asthma, while gastroesophageal reflux disorder was more frequent in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthma (P < 0.01). Asthma control rate was the highest (39.0%) in patients from Marmara region among all geographical regions (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, our findings revealed existence of clinical/trigger related phenotypes based on BMI, allergic status, control level and geographical region with more frequent respiratory dysfunction and/or adverse health outcomes in uncontrolled, obese and nonallergic phenotypes.

Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Abdominopelvic Tumors: A Single Institute Experience

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of robotic CyberKnife (Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, California)-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with recurrent or metastatic abdominopelvic tumors.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A total of 69 patients treated between May 2008 and January 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Indication for SBRT was persistent disease in 3 (4%) patients, local recurrence in 29 (42%) patients, regional recurrence in 13 (19%) patients, and oligometastatic disease in 24 (35%) patients. Forty-two (61%) patients were previously irradiated to the same region and 27 (39%) patients were treated for the first time. The median age was 59 years (range, 24-86 years). There were 31 (45%) male and 38 (55%) female patients. The median total dose was 30 Gy (range, 15-60 Gy) delivered with a median 3 fractions (range, 2-5 fractions). The tumor response to treatment was assessed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography.

RESULTS

At the 12-month (range, 2-44 months) median follow-up, local control was 65% and median overall survival (OS) was 20 months. A larger gross tumor volume (≥ 67 cm(3)) was significantly correlated with worse 1-year OS (81% vs 48%, P = .03). The patients with local recurrence occurring <11 months had a significantly shorter 1-year local control rate than patients with ≥ 11 months (31% vs 91%, P < .001). Grade 3-4 acute and late toxicities were seen in 7% and 15% of patients, respectively. The patients with previous radiotherapy history had significantly higher rate of acute toxicity (19% vs 0%, P = .019). Late toxicity was significantly higher in pelvic tumors than in abdominal tumors (3% vs 28%, P = .004).

CONCLUSION

The SBRT seems to be feasible and resulted in good treatment outcomes in patients with recurrent or metastatic abdominopelvic tumors.

Oscillations of the orbital magnetic moment due to d-band quantum well states

The effect of electron confinement on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ultrathin bcc Fe films is explored by combining photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Pronounced thickness-dependent variations in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy are ascribed to periodic changes in the density of states at the Fermi level, induced by quantization of d(xz), d(yz) out-of-plane orbitals. Our results reveal a direct correlation between quantum well states, the orbital magnetic moment, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.

Prevalence of asthmatic smokers: Turkish experience (PASTE Study)

BACKGROUND

Although both asthma and smoking are major health problems worldwide, smokers are often excluded from asthma studies.

OBJECTIVES

It was aimed to verify the prevalence of asthmatic smokers in Turkey and assess the effects of smoking based on clinical parameters, exacerbations and hospitalizations because of lack of national data about the prevalence of smoking among asthmatics.

METHODS

The study protocol was comprised of a retrospective questionnaire. The asthmatic patients were followed in the outpatient clinics of 18 tertiary hospitals selected from seven different geographical regions in Turkey. We evaluated demographic data, smoking habits, asthma-related diseases, respiratory function and emergency visits.

RESULTS

The study population included 1385 patients (M/F: 343/1042), and the mean age was 45.1 ± 14.0 years. Current and former smoking prevalence was 11.4% and 15.1%, respectively. Smoker rates were higher in males and younger asthmatics compared with females and older asthmatics (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Smoking history ranged from 0.20 to 90 pack-years (the mean was 12.9), and smokers had a higher level of education compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Socioeconomically, the most developed region had the highest rate of smoker asthmatics (33.9%; P = 0.014). There was an increase in the number of exacerbations in smoker asthmatics during the previous year, but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

We showed that the smoking prevalence in Turkey was lower in asthmatics (11.4%) compared with the general population (44.5%). Nevertheless, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics to stop smoking because smoking is a modifiable risk factor for adverse asthma health outcomes.

Asthma control test via text messaging: could it be a tool for evaluating asthma control?

INTRODUCTION

Originally, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) was designed for English-speaking patients using a paper-and-pencil format. The Turkish version of the ACT was recently validated. This article compares the paper-and-pencil and web-based texting formats of the Turkish version of the ACT and evaluates the compatibility of these ACT scores with GINA-based physician assessments of asthma control.

METHODS

This multicentre prospective study included 431 asthma patients from outpatient clinics in Turkey. The patients were randomized into a paper-and-pencil group (n = 220) and a text messaging group (n = 211). Patients completed the ACT at Visit 1, after 10 ± 2 days, and at 5 ± 1 week to demonstrate the reliability and responsiveness of the test. At each visit, physicians assessed patients' asthma control levels.

RESULTS

The ACT administered via texting showed an internal consistency of 0.82. For the texting group, we found a significant correlation between the ACT and physician assessments at Visit 1 (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). The AUC was 0.87, with a sensitivity of 78.0% and a specificity of 77.5% for a score of ≤19 for screening "uncontrolled" asthma in the texting group.

CONCLUSION

When the Turkish version of the ACT was administered via either the paper-and-pencil or text messaging test, scores were closely associated with physician assessments of asthma control.

Importance of inhaler device use status in the control of asthma in adults: the asthma inhaler treatment study

BACKGROUND

Proper education and training in correct inhalation technique has been reported to have a substantial role in the achievement of optimal therapeutic benefit and asthma control. The present study was designed to evaluate inhaler technique and the role of education in relation to asthma control among patients with persistent asthma in Turkey.

METHODS

A total of 572 patients with persistent asthma (mean ± SD age 42.7 ± 12.2 y, 76% females) were included in this non-interventional, observational, registry study conducted across Turkey. Data on the effective and correct use of inhaler devices were collected via the Ease of Use for the Inhaler Device Questionnaire to patients and physicians.

RESULTS

Asthma control (overall 61.5% at baseline, and increased to 87.3% during follow-up) was better, with significant improvement in technique and decrease in basic errors to the range 0-1, regardless of the inhaler type. Overall, the most common basic error associated with inhalation maneuvers was failure to exhale before inhaling through the device (18.9%). There was concordance between the patients and physicians in the ratio of correct inhaler technique only for spray-type inhalers.

CONCLUSIONS

Close follow-up with repeated checking of the patient's inhaler technique and correction of errors each time by a physician seem to be associated with a significant decrease in the percent of patients who make basic errors in inhalation maneuvers and device-independent errors, and with better control of persistent asthma.

Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery treatment results for skull base chordomas

Chordomas are uncommon neoplasms and there is still controversy regarding establishment of diagnosis and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) in skull base chordomas. There were 4 female (36%) and 7 male (64%) patients. FSRS was delivered with CyberKnife (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). The median tumor volume was 14.7 cc (range, 3.9-40.5 cc). The median marginal tumor dose was 30 Gy (range, 20-36 Gy) in a median 5 fractions (range, 3-5 fractions). The median follow-up time was 42 months (range, 17-63 months). At the time of analysis, 10 (91%) patients were alive and 1 (9%) had died due to tumor progression. Of 10 patients, 8 (73%) had stable disease and the remaining 2 (18%) had progressive disease. The actuarial overall survival (OS) after FSRS was 91% at two-years. Two patients developed radiation-induced brain necrosis as a complication in the 8th and 28th months of follow-up, respectively. Our results with robotic FSRS in skull base chordomas are promising for selected patients. However, due to the slow growth pattern of skull base chordomas, a longer follow-up is required to determine exact treatment results and late morbidity.

Robotic Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Patients with Unresectable Glomus Jugulare Tumors

We evaluated the treatment results of robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in our patients with unresectable glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs). The medical charts of fourteen patients with GJT, who were treated with robotic SRS, were retrospectively evaluated. The gross tumor volume was described as the clinical target volume. The median dose to the tumor was 25 Gy in median 5 fractions. The dose was normalized to 80% isodose line. All patients were evaluated for tumor growth and clinical outcome every 6 months in the first 2 years and then annually. Median follow-up was 39 months (range, 7–60 months). Lesions were stable in 8 patients, and tumor regression was observed in 6 patients. We did not observe any treatment related toxicity in our patients. In conclusion, according to our early experience, robotic SRS seems to be successful treatment option in the management of unresectable GJTs.

SU-E-T-208: The Secondary Malignancy Risk Estimation Due to the Neutron Contamination in 3D-CRT and IMRT Treatment Techniques by Using Bubble Detectors

PURPOSE

In this study, the neutron measurements were performed in free in air and RW3 solid water phantom to estimate the secondary malignancy risk for three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques in prostate cancer treatment.

METHODS

Neutron dose were measured in 18 MV Elekta Synergy Platform and Varian Clinac linear accelerators by using bubble detector for personal neutron dosimetry (BD-PND). To determine the neutron equivalent dose in different depths and different distance from the edge of treatment field RW3 solid water phantom was used and organs location was defined in Alderson Rando phantom with respect to target (prostate) position in the treatment field. By using these data, we determined the neutron equivalent dose and effective dose for the standard prostate cancer patient treated with 3D-CRT and IMRT with 18 MV photon energy. The total dose was 70 Gy in 3D-CRT and 76 Gy in IMRT treatment in the current study. For both of these treatment techniques, we estimated the risk of secondary malignancies due to the neutron contamination by using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report 103.

RESULTS

The equivalent dose and effective dose due the neutron contamination were considerably high in 18 MV IMRT technique. The secondary malignancy risk estimation for 3D-CRT and IMRT were found to be 0.44% and 1.15% for Elekta Synergy Platform linear accelerator, 0.92% and 2.38% for the Varian Clinac DHX High Performance linear accelerator, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, one should take care of the secondary malignancy risk in case of using 18 MV in IMRT applications.

The impact of smoking on clinical features of Behçet's disease patients with glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms

OBJECTIVES

Various cancer studies have suggested that polymorphism of GSTM1 may influence the ability to detoxify chemicals in cigarette smoke. In the present study the effect of smoking on clinical features of Behçet's disease were investigated in patients having GST-M1 and/or -T1 null polymorphisms.

METHODS

Ninety-seven patients meeting International Study Group Criteria for Behçet's disease (63 male, 34 female) and 172 healthy controls (94 male, 78 female) were included into the study. GST-M1 and -T1 polymorphisms were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

RESULTS

Frequency of GSTM1- and/or GSTT1-null polymorphisms were comparable between the Behçet and the control groups. Smoking patients with GSTM1 null-polymorphism have decreased risk of developing papulopustuler lesions (OR=0.227 [0.063-0.818], χ2=5.463, p=0.019). Non-smoking patients with GSTM1 null-polymorphism has increased risk for having chronic arthritis (OR=5.988 [0.845-43.478]) but smoking patients with GSTM1 null-polymorphism have decreased risk (OR=0.741 [0.593-0.926]). GSTT1 null-polymorphism is associated with the presence of venous insufficiency (χ2=6.273, p=0.012, OR=2.740 [1.224-6.135]); smoking further increases the risk (χ2=7.840, OR=3.333 [1.412-7.874], p=0.005). GSTM1 null-polymorphism seemed to effect development of large vessel vasculitis (OR=1.158 [0.981-1.367], χ2=4.760, p=0.029). Male smoker Behçet patients even have more risk (OR=1.250 [0.971-1.610]).

CONCLUSIONS

Several manifestations of Behçet's disease may be influenced by smoking, and this effect can be augmented in patients carrying GST gene polymorphism, which code enzymes crucial for the detoxification of chemicals.

The Effects of Inhaled Steroid and Theophylline on Systemic Inflammation in Copd

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease characterized by chronic, progressive airflow limitation and airway inflammation. In this study, our aim is to compare the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and theophylline on systemic inflammatory markers in COPD. Twenty-nine moderate to severe COPD patients were randomly separated into two groups. In Group 1, inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate, 1000 meg/day) were added to regular bronchodilator therapy for 8 weeks, and theophylline (400mg/day) was added in Group 2. Pulmonary function tests were performed and serum CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were measured before and after treatment. There was a statistically significant decrease in serum CRP levels in both groups following treatment (ICS group 1.06±1.2 vs 0.49±0.22 mg/dl p< 0.05; THEO group 1.66±2.23 vs 0.59±0.35 mg/dl p< 0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum TNF-α levels in the THEO group (3.82±3.44 vs 1.89±1.33 pg/ml p< 0.05). There was no significant change in IL-6 level following treatment in either group. There was a significant increase in FEV1 in the ICS group while a non-significant increase was noted in the THEO group following treatment. It has been suggested that both ICS and THEO could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of COPD. Furthermore, the measurement of serum inflammatory markers is an easy and non-invasive method for the determination and follow-up of systemic inflammation in COPD. Further studies including larger patient population are needed.

The effects of glutamine on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

AIM

To evaluate the effects of glutamine on the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODS

Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), and glutamine(gln) treatment group (Group 3). All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received gln (0.75 g/kg) by intraperitoneal administration, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrificed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy.

RESULTS

The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histological tissue damage was milder in the gln treatment group than that in the control group.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that gln treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.