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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structure of 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzo[ d]thiazole. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 78:445-448. [PMID: 35492282 PMCID: PMC8983990 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The title compound was synthesized efficiently in the solid state by exploiting pepsin catalysis. The ring systems are nearly coplanar. A short intramolecular S⋯O=C contact is observed. The title compound, C15H13NO2S, was synthesized efficiently in the solid state by exploiting pepsin catalysis. The ring systems are nearly coplanar [interplanar angle of 5.38 (2)°] with an associated intramolecular S⋯O=C short contact of 2.7082 (4) Å. The packing involves C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π contacts.
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Abdallah AEM, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. 3-(Benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)-2 H-chromen-2-one. IUCRDATA 2022; 7:x220332. [PMID: 36339803 PMCID: PMC9462017 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314622003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplanar angle is 6.47 (6)°, with an associated intramolecular S⋯O= C contact. The packing involves various secondary interactions. In the title compound, C16H9NO2S, the interplanar angle is 6.47 (6)°. An intramolecular S⋯O=C contact of 2.727 (2) Å is observed. The packing is determined by several types of weak interaction (‘weak’ hydrogen bonds, S⋯S contacts and π–π stacking).![]()
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Elsayed RE, Gad NM, Jones PG. Crystal structure of 2-(benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)-3,3-bis(ethylsulfanyl)acrylonitrile. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 78:369-372. [PMID: 35492278 PMCID: PMC8983987 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022002572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H14N2S3, the double-bond system of the acrylonitrile moiety is significantly non-planar, with absolute cis torsion angles of 13.9 (2) and 15.1 (2)°. The ring system and the double bond system subtend an interplanar angle of 11.16 (4)°. The wide angle C—C(CN)=C of 129.40 (12)° may be associated with a balance between planarity and avoidance of a very short S...S contact.
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Abdallah AEM, Elgemeie GH. New Route to the Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity as RNA Polymerase Inhibitors. Med Chem 2022; 18:926-948. [PMID: 35236270 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220302092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims The current study aimed to synthesize novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines based on 5-aminopyrazoles 3, evaluate their antimicrobial activity, and study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the most active compounds. In addition, molecular docking studies and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity were determined. Background Starting with our previously reported 5-aminopyrazoles 3, a number of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were synthesized. Due to the similarity of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives with the purine systems, pyrazolopyrimidines are important in many different biological applications, most notably as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and hepatitis C virus inhibitors. The pharmaceutical applications of the pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives were explained in several approved drugs like Indiplon, Zaloplan, and Ocinaplon. Objective To prepare a novel antimicrobial agent, namely pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, reveal their structures using different spectral data, evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the most active compounds, and determine both the molecular docking and the RNA polymerase inhibitory activity. Methods A number of different pyrazolopyrimidines namely 2-(phenylamino)-6,11-dihydrobenzo[g]pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamides (5a-c), (E)-5,7-dimethyl-2-(phenylamino)-6-(phenyldiazenyl)pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides (7a-c), 7-amino-2-(phenylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides (11a-f), 7-amino-2-(phenylamino)-5-(2-thienyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides (14-f) and ethyl 7-amino-3-carbamoyl-2-(phenylamino)-5-(4-pyridyl)pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives (14g-i) were synthesized through the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 3 with a variety of chemical reagents. On the other hand, the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for all the prepared compounds was screened through different strain as Gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella. The antifungal activity was determined by Candids Albicans fungal strain, and the MIC of the most active compounds was measured. The molecular docking was recorded, and the RNA polymerase inhibitory activity was estimated for the high docking score compounds. Results Compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 7a, 7b, 7c, 11d, 14b and 14h were the most active compounds against some of the bacterial and fungal tested strains. MIC was determined for the most active tested compounds. As an antimicrobial agent, compound 7b was the most potent, with a high docking score and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity (IC50= 0.213 µg/ml) compared to Rifampicin (IC50= 0.244 µg/ml). The reactivity of the latter compound was attributed to the presence of 4-Br-C6H4 moiety. The results demonstrated that docking studies on the most active compounds in the RNA polymerase active site were consistent with in vitro assays . Conclusion The resultant novel bioactive pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized based on 5-aminopyrazole derivatives 3. The current study evaluated the antimicrobial activity for all the prepared compounds, followed by the determination of the MIC for the most potent active compounds. The molecular docking study was performed, and it was appropriate with the in vitro activity. The RNA polymerase inhibitory activity was assessed for the most active antimicrobial compounds with a high docking score (7b, 7c, 14a, 14b, 14e, 14i). Compound 7b was the most potent compound inhibiting RNA polymerase enzyme compared to the reference drug Rifampicin. The novel prepared heterocyclic systems have remarkable importance in the whole fields, particularly in biological and pharmaceutical applications.
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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structure of 2-{[5-amino-1-(phenyl-sulfon-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy}-1-(4-methyl-phen-yl)ethan-1-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:1054-1057. [PMID: 34667637 PMCID: PMC8491526 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C18H17N3O4S, the pyrazole ring is planar, with the sulfur atom lying 0.558 (1) Å out of the ring plane. The NH2 group is involved in an intra-molecular hydrogen bond to a sulfonyl oxygen atom; its other hydrogen atom forms an asymmetric three-centre hydrogen bond to the two oxygen atoms of the -O-CH2-C=O- grouping, via the 21 screw axis, forming a ribbon structure parallel to the b axis. Translationally adjacent, coplanar ribbons form a layer parallel to (10).
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Seif MM, Jones PG. Crystal structure of N'-[2-(benzo[ d]thia-zol-2-yl)acet-yl]benzohydrazide, an achiral compound crystallizing in space group P1 with Z = 1. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:891-894. [PMID: 34584756 PMCID: PMC8423019 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021007672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C16H13N3O2S, one hydrazinic nitro-gen atom is essentially planar, but the other is slightly pyramidalized. The torsion angle about the hydrazinic bond is 66.44 (15)°. Both hydrazinic hydrogen atoms lie anti-periplanar to the oxygen of the adjacent carbonyl group. The mol-ecular packing is a layer structure determined by two classical hydrogen bonds, N-H⋯O=C and N-H⋯Nthia-zole. The space group is P1 with Z = 1, which is unusual for an achiral organic compound.
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Abu-Zaied M, Elgemeie GH, Mahmoud NM. Anti-Covid-19 Drug Analogues: Synthesis of Novel Pyrimidine Thioglycosides as Antiviral Agents Against SARS-COV-2 and Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16890-16904. [PMID: 34250348 PMCID: PMC8247785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A class of pyrimidine thioglycoside analogs (6a-h) were synthesized from a reaction of 2-cyano-3,3-dimercapto-N-arylacrylamide (2a-d) and thiourea to produce the corresponding 4-amino-2-mercapto-N-arylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives (3a-d), and stirring of compounds (3a-d) with peracylated α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides (4a,b) in DMF-sodium hydride gave the corresponding pyrimidine thioglycosides (5a-h). Deacetylation of the pyrimidine thioglycosides via a reaction with dry NH3/MeOH gave the corresponding free pyrimidine thioglycosides (6a-h). The compounds have been characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR. Pharmacological evaluation of compounds 3a-d, 5a-h, and 6a-h in vitro against SARS-COV-2 and Avian Influenza H5N1 virus strains revealed that some compounds possess interesting activity.
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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structure of ethyl 2-(3-amino-5-oxo-2-tosyl-2,5-di-hydro-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:615-617. [PMID: 34164138 PMCID: PMC8183440 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021004795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H17N3O5S, the five-membered ring is essentially planar. The substituents at the nitro-gen atoms subtend a C-N-N-S torsion angle of -95.52 (6)°. The amino group forms an intra-molecular hydrogen bond to a sulfonyl oxygen atom; two inter-molecular hydrogen bonds from the amino group, to the other S=O group and to the oxo substituent, form a layer structure parallel to the ab plane. The structure determination confirms that the title compound is N- rather than O-alkyl-ated.
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structures of ( E)-2-amino-4-methyl-sulfanyl-6-oxo-1-(1-phenyl-ethyl-idene-amino)-1,6-di-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carbo-nitrile and ( E)-2-amino-4-methyl-sulfanyl-6-oxo-1-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl-idene-amino]-1,6-di-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carbo-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:547-550. [PMID: 34026262 PMCID: PMC8100259 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021004126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds 3a, C14H13N5OS, and 3b, C13H12N6OS, both show an E configuration about the N=C bond and a planar NH2 group. The mol-ecules, which only differ in the presence of a phenyl (in 3a) or pyridyl (in 3b) substituent, are closely similar except for the different orientations of these groups. The amino hydrogen atoms form classical hydrogen bonds; in 3a the acceptors are the oxygen atom and the cyano nitro-gen atom, leading to ribbons of mol-ecules parallel to the b axis, whereas in 3b the acceptors are the oxygen atom and the pyridyl nitro-gen, leading to a layer structure perpendicular to (01).
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Abu-Zaied MA, Elgemeie GH, Mahmoud NM. Synthesis of novel pyrimidine thioglycosides as structural analogs of favipiravir (avigan) and their antibird flu virus activity. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:336-356. [PMID: 33478340 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1872794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel class of amino pyrimidine thioglycoside derivatives were designed from sodium 2-cyano-3-(arylamino)prop-1-ene-1,1-bis(thiolate) 1a-d and guanidine hydrochloride 2 to afford the corresponding sodium 2,6-diamino-5-aryl-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-4-thiolate 3a-d, which in coupling with peracylated α-D-gluco- and galactopyranosyl bromides 5a,b in DMF gave the corresponding pyrimidine thioglycosides 6a-h. Acidification of 2,6-diamino-5-aryl-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-4-thiolate salts 3a-d with hydrochloric acid formed the corresponding pyrimidine-4-thioles 4a-d. The latter were stirred with peracetylated halo sugars α-D-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides in sodium hydride and DMF to yield the pyrimidine thioglycosides 6a-h. Deacetylation of the pyrimidine thioglycosides gave the corresponding free pyrimidine thioglycosides 7a-h. The compounds were characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR. The pyrimidine thioglycosides 6a-h and free pyrimidine thioglycosides 7a-h were tested against H5N1 virus strain and exhibited high to moderate activity.
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Azzam R, Elboshi HA, Elgemeie GH. Novel Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of New Benzothiazole-Bearing N-Sulfonamide 2-Pyridone Derivatives as USP7 Enzyme Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30023-30036. [PMID: 33251438 PMCID: PMC7689895 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a series of benzothiazole-bearing N-sulfonamide 2-pyridone derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of benzothiazole sulfonylhydrazide with sodium salts of both (hydroxymethylene) cycloalkanones and unsaturated ketones, as well as ethoxymethylene derivatives. The structures of the resultant compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC), and 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HSQC) spectral analysis and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activities against the HSV-1, HAV HM175, HCVcc genotype 4, CBV4, and HAdV7 viruses. Additionally, the compounds were examined for their cytotoxic effect on five normal cell lines. It was observed that five compounds were found to possess viral reduction of 50% or more against CBV4 with significant IC50, CC50, and SI values. In the case of HSV-1 and HAV HM175 viruses, three compounds have shown more than 50% reduction, while in the case of HCVcc genotype 4 and HAdV7 viruses, only two compounds demonstrated more than 50% reduction. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the most active compounds were evaluated. The two most potent compounds against HSV-1 virus, 7e and 13a, were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against USP7. Docking studies using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) were used to identify the interactions between 7e and 13a compounds and the active site of the USP7 enzyme.
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Azzam R, Elsayed RE, Elgemeie GH. Design and Synthesis of a New Class of Pyridine-Based N-Sulfonamides Exhibiting Antiviral, Antimicrobial, and Enzyme Inhibition Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26182-26194. [PMID: 33073144 PMCID: PMC7557949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for designing and assembling a novel class of functionalized pyridine-based benzothiazole and benzimidazole incorporating sulfonamide moieties was developed. The synthesis was carried out by reacting N-cyanoacetoarylsulfonylhydrazide with various electrophiles such as 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3,3-bis(alkylthio)acrylonitriles and 2-(benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3,3-bis(methylthio)-acrylonitriles, as well as 2-ethoxyl acrylonitrile derivatives. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral and antimicrobial potency. Two of the synthesized compounds, 15c and 15d, showed more than 50% viral reduction against HSV-1 and CBV4, with significant IC50 and CC50 values. The two potent compounds 15c and 15d have also shown inhibitory activity against Hsp90α protein with IC50 values of 10.24 and 4.48 μg/mL, respectively. A combination of 15c and 15d with acyclovir has led to IC50 values that are lower than that of acyclovir alone. Molecular modeling studies were used to identify the interactions between the 15c and 15d compounds and the active site of Hsp90α enzyme. The antimicrobial investigation of the new compounds has also shown that 8b and 15d exhibited a higher inhibition zone (IZ) than sulfadiazine and gentamicin against Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas 9a showed higher IZ than ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. According to the enzyme assay study on dihydrofolate reductase, 9a was shown to be the most potent compound among all examined compounds.
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Hebishy AMS, Salama HT, Elgemeie GH. New Route to the Synthesis of Benzamide-Based 5-Aminopyrazoles and Their Fused Heterocycles Showing Remarkable Antiavian Influenza Virus Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25104-25112. [PMID: 33043189 PMCID: PMC7542596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new route to the synthesis of novel benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles and their corresponding pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives. Benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles were prepared through a reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with malononitrile in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with alkyl halides and then a reaction with hydrazine. In an attempt to react benzoyl isothiocyanate with ethyl cyanoacetate in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with methyl iodide at room temperature and then a reaction with hydrazine has resulted in the formation of 3-ethoxy-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by mass spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray analysis. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) activity. Among the synthesized compounds, eight compounds 3b, 4, 10b, 10c, 12a, 19, 21a, and 21b were found to possess significant antiviral activities against bird flu influenza (H5N1) with viral reduction in the range of 85-65%.
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Abu-Zaied M, Mahmoud NM, Elgemeie GH. Toward Developing Therapies against Corona Virus: Synthesis and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activity of Novel Cytosine Thioglycoside Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20042-20050. [PMID: 32832758 PMCID: PMC7439276 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrimidine and pyrimidine thioglycoside derivatives were newly synthesized using sodium 2-cyano-3-(arylamino)prop-1-ene-1,1-bis(thiolates) and urea to give the corresponding sodium 6-amino-5-aryl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-4-thiolates. Stirring of the latter with peracetylated α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides in DMF afforded the corresponding pyrimidine thioglycosides. On the other hand, treatment of 6-amino-5-aryl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-4-thiolate salts with hydrochloric acid produced the corresponding pyrimidine-4-thioles, which on stirring with α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides in sodium hydride and DMF gave the corresponding pyrimidine thioglycosides. Deacetylation of the protected pyrimidine thioglycosides gave the corresponding free pyrimidine thioglycosides. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The pyrimidine thioglycosides and free pyrimidine thioglycosides were tested against avian influenza H5N1 virus strain and exhibited highest to moderate activity.
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Elgemeie GH, Fathy NM, Farag AB, Yahab AMB. Design and synthesis of a new class of indeno[1,2-b]pyridine thioglycosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1134-1149. [PMID: 32600173 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1780436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This research reports a novel method for synthesizing a new class of indeno[1,2-b]pyridine thioglycosides. This series of indenopyridine thioglycosides was designed by the reaction of (E)-2-cyano-3-(furan/or thiophene-2-yl)prop-2-enethioamide 1a or 1b with 1-indanone 2 to give the corresponding 2-thiooxo-1H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles 3a,b. The latter compounds were treated with peracetylated sugar bromides 5 in KOH-acetone to give the corresponding indenopyridine thioglycosides 6a-h. Ammonolysis of the protected indenopyridine thioglycosides 6a-h gave the corresponding free indenopyridine thioglycosides 7a-h. The compounds have been characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR and IR spectra.
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Azzam RA, Elsayed RE, Elgemeie GH. Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a New Series of N-Sulfonamide 2-Pyridones as Dual Inhibitors of DHPS and DHFR Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10401-10414. [PMID: 32426597 PMCID: PMC7226860 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (TMP) drugs are normally used to inhibit the action of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes, respectively. In this work, a new series of N-sulfonamide 2-pyridone derivatives that combine the inhibitory activities of DHPS and DHFR into one molecule were synthesized and evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity and the ability to inhibit the action of both enzymes simultaneously. The synthesis was carried out via the reaction of novel benzothiazol sulfonylhydrazide with ketene dithioacetal derivatives, and the structures of the resultant compounds were confirmed using spectral and elemental techniques. Among the synthesized compounds, five compounds 3b, 5a, 5b, 11a, and 11b were found to possess significant antimicrobial activities against tested bacterial and fungi strains. The compounds were also examined for their cytotoxicity on HFB4 human dermal fibroblast cell line using MTT assay. The in vitro enzyme assay study of these compounds against DHPS and DHFR enzymes showed that compound 11a was the most potent inhibitor against both enzymes with IC50 values of 2.76 and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively. Docking studies showed that this compound has occupied both the p-aminobenzoic acid and pterin binding pockets of DHPS as well as the pterin binding pocket of DHFR. The results of these investigations confirmed that compound 11a is the most potent dual DHPS/DHFR inhibitor.
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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structure of ethyl 2-(5-amino-1-benzene-sulfonyl-3-oxo-2,3-di-hydro-1 H-pyrazol-2-yl)acetate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:481-483. [PMID: 32280488 PMCID: PMC7133039 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C13H15N3O5S, the two rings face each other in a 'V' form at the S atom, with one N-H⋯O=S and one C-H⋯O=S contact from the pyrazolyl substituents to the sulfonyl group. Two classical hydrogen bonds from the amine group, one of the form N-H⋯O=S and one N-H⋯O=Coxo, link the mol-ecules to form layers parallel to the bc plane.
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Osman RR. Recent advances in synthesis, metal complexes and biological evaluation of 2-aryl, 2-pyridyl and 2-pyrimidylbenzothiazoles as potential chemotherapeutics. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Azzam RA, Elgemeie GH, Osman RR. Synthesis of novel pyrido[2,1-b]benzothiazole and N-substituted 2-pyridylbenzothiazole derivatives showing remarkable fluorescence and biological activities. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Azzam RA, Osman RR, Elgemeie GH. Efficient Synthesis and Docking Studies of Novel Benzothiazole-Based Pyrimidinesulfonamide Scaffolds as New Antiviral Agents and Hsp90α Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1640-1655. [PMID: 32010839 PMCID: PMC6990646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 2-pyrimidylbenzothiazoles incorporating either sulfonamide moieties or the amino group at C2 of the pyrimidine ring were synthesized and evaluated for its antiviral potency. The novel synthesis of the ring system was carried out by reacting guanidine or N-arylsulfonated guanidine with different derivatives of ylidene benzothiazole based on Michael addition pathways. The antiviral activity of the newly synthesized compounds was examined by a plaque reduction assay against HSV-1, CBV4, HAV HM 175, HCVcc genotype 4 viruses, and HAdV7. In the case of HSV-1, it was determined that 5 out of the 21 synthesized compounds exhibited superior viral reduction in the range of 70-90% with significant IC50, CC50, and SI values as compared with acyclovir. In the case of CBV4, nine compounds have shown more than 50% reduction. Comparable results were obtained for seven of these synthesized compounds when evaluated against HAV with only a couple of them showing 50% reduction or more against HCVcc genotype 4. Remarkably, one compound, 9a, has shown broad action against all five examined viruses, rendering it as potentially an effective antiviral agent. The five potent compounds 9a, 9b, 14b, 14g, and 14h against HSV-1 have also presented inhibitory activity against the Hsp90α protein with IC50 in the range of 4.87-10.47 μg/mL. Interestingly, a combination of the potent synthesized compounds with acyclovir led to IC50 values lower than that of acyclovir alone. The potent compounds 9a, 9b, 14b, 14g, and 14h were also docked inside the active site of Hsp90α to assess the interaction pattern between the tested compounds and the active site of the protein.
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Abu-Zaied MA, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. Crystal structure of 4,6-dimethyl-2-[(2,3,4,6-tetra- O-acetyl-β-d-galacto-pyranos-yl)sulfan-yl]pyrimidine. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1820-1823. [PMID: 31871737 PMCID: PMC6895939 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901901449x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the title com-pound, C20H26N2O9S, the S atom is attached equatorially to the sugar ring. The C-S bond lengths are unequal, with S-Cs = 1.8018 (13) Å and S-Cp = 1.7662 (13) Å (s = sugar and p = pyrimid-yl). In the crystal, a system of three weak hydrogen bonds, sharing an oxygen acceptor, links the mol-ecules to form chains propagating parallel to the b-axis direction.
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Abu-Zaied MA, Loutfy SA, Hassan AE, Elgemeie GH. Novel purine thioglycoside analogs: synthesis, nanoformulation and biological evaluation in in vitro human liver and breast cancer models. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:2437-2457. [PMID: 31440030 PMCID: PMC6667681 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s201249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A series of novel pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazololpyridine thioglycosides were synthesized and confirmed via their spectral analyses. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of these anti-metabolic compounds against proliferation of Huh-7 and Mcf-7 as in vitro models of human liver and breast cancers, respectively. Vero cells were used as an example of normal green monkey kidney cells. Methods: The most promising compound was subjected to a nanoformulation by its encapsulation into chitosan nanoparticles to increase its anti-cancerous activity. Nanoformulation was confirmed by TEM and FT-IR to ensure encapsulation and screened for their cytotoxicity against Huh-7 and Mcf-7 cells using MTT colorimetric assay and morphological examination. Genotoxic effect was performed by cellular DNA fragmentation assay. Simulated CompuSyn software (linear interaction effect) was conducted to predict the possible synergistic effect of nanocomposite as anticancerous activity. Apoptotic effect was further analyzed by detection of apoptotic proteins using ELISA assay. Results: The nano preparation was successfully prepared by encapsulation of compound 14 into chitosan nanoparticles, controlled to a size at 105 nm and zeta charges at 40.2 mV. Treatment of Huh-7 and Mcf-7 showed that compound 14 was the most cytotoxic compound on both cancer cell lines where IC50 was 24.59 (9.836 μg/mL) and 12.203 (4.8812 μg/mL) on Huh-7 and Mcf-7 respectively. But IC50 of the nano preparation was 37.19 and 30.68 μg/mL on Huh-7 and Mcf-7, respectively, indicating its aggressiveness on human breast cancer cells as confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and theoretically by CompuSyn tool. Conclusion: A novel series of pyrazolopyrimidine thioglycosides and pyrazolopyridine thioglycosides were synthesized. Nanoformulation of compound 14 into chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated anticancer activity and can be used as a drug delivery system, but further studies are still required.
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Elsayed RE. Sulfa drug analogs: new classes of N-sulfonyl aminated azines and their biological and preclinical importance in medicinal chemistry (2000–2018). Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hebishy AMS, Elgemeie GH, Elwahy AHM. Novel Bis(2‐cyanoketene‐
S
,
S
‐/
S
,
N
‐acetals): Versatile Precursors for Novel Bis(aminopyrazole) Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The title compound, C10H11N3O, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with Z′ = 2. The two independent molecules (A and B) differ in the orientation of the phenyl rings with respect to the plane of the triazine ring, with an interplanar angle of 11.45 (6)° in molecule A and 19.71 (5)° in molecule B, in the opposite sense. In the crystal, classical N—H...N hydrogen bonds cross-link the molecules to form chains parallel to the b axis. Two additional `weak' C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the chains to form layers parallel to (101).
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