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Stoeckel ME, Schmitt G, Porte A. Fine structure and cytochemistry of the mammalian pars intermedia. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 81:101-27. [PMID: 6268374 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720646.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Various cytophysiological aspects of the pars intermedia of the pituitary are discussed. Cells containing melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) have been studied under normal and experimental conditions. They react to variations in ionic equilibrium, but without any clear correlation with natraemia and osmotic blood pressure. The MSH-cell stimulation in hypernatraemic mice, which is not inhibited by bromocriptine, seems more specific than the stimulation in hyponatraemic mice, which is blocked by bromocriptine. The existence of a corticotropic cell system has been clearly demonstrated in the mouse (where it is particularly obvious), in the rat and in the cat but its significance is not clear. Although very poorly vascularized, the pars intermedia is rapidly invaded by tracer protein (horseradish peroxidase) injected either intravenously or intracerebroventricularly. The hypophysial cleft rapidly stores the tracer which can be resorbed by macrophagic epithelial cells lying free in the colloid contained in the cleft. Horseradish peroxidase lingers in the pars intermedia but is rapidly eliminated from the other hypophysial lobes after intraventricular (third ventricle) injection. Diffuse innervation of the pars intermedia applies to both glandular (MSH and ACTH) and non-glandular (epithelial and stellate) cells. While aminergic innervation of the pars intermedia is obvious, cholinergic innervation has not been demonstrated ultrastructurally or histochemically. Peptidergic fibres only occasionally penetrate marginal areas of the pars intermedia and seldom establish synaptic contacts with glandular cells. A specific relationship might exist between the pars intermedia and oxytocin fibres in view of the marginal distribution of the latter in the neural lobe. Numerous stellate cells of the pars intermedia react intensely with antiserum to gliofibrillar acid protein, indicating their astrocyte nature, which reinforces the idea of an analogy between the folliculo-stellate system of the hypophysis and the glial cells.
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Scheuerecker J, Ufer S, Zipse M, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Albrecht J, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Cerebral changes and cognitive dysfunctions in medication-free schizophrenia - an fMRI study. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42:469-76. [PMID: 17559877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Proposing cognitive impairment in working memory (wm) functions as a cognitive core deficit in schizophrenia, 23 first episode, medication-free schizophrenic patients in a comparison of healthy adults have been investigated by fMRI. Additionally, the effects of different attentional demands in wm tasks were analysed. A wm paradigm was applied, in which stimuli were presented in a 2-back and a 0-back condition in a non-degraded and degraded version. As hypothesized in healthy controls increased activity during both 2-back tasks was found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), parietal regions, the thalamus and the cerebellum. Different activation patterns were found for the cingulate cortex in the 2-back degraded conditions. The comparison between healthy controls and schizophrenic patients revealed decreased activity in the right VLPFC in patients as well as increased activity in temporal regions. Furthermore patients' task performance quality was significantly lower for 2-back conditions. Schizophrenic patients use different cognitive strategies to solve working memory tasks, reflected in significantly altered cerebral activity. However, the different fMRI working memory correlates found in schizophrenic patients seem to be insufficient in terms of overall task performance.
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Scheuerecker J, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Kleemann AM, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Cerebral differences in explicit and implicit emotional processing--an fMRI study. Neuropsychobiology 2008; 56:32-9. [PMID: 17986835 DOI: 10.1159/000110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The processing of emotional facial expression is a major part of social communication and understanding. In addition to explicit processing, facial expressions are also processed rapidly and automatically in the absence of explicit awareness. We investigated 12 healthy subjects by presenting them with an implicit and explicit emotional paradigm. The subjects reacted significantly faster in implicit than in explicit trials but did not differ in their error ratio. For the implicit condition increased signals were observed in particular in the thalami, the hippocampi, the frontal inferior gyri and the right middle temporal region. The analysis of the explicit condition showed increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals especially in the caudate nucleus, the cingulum and the right prefrontal cortex. The direct comparison of these 2 different processes revealed increased activity for explicit trials in the inferior, superior and middle frontal gyri, the middle cingulum and left parietal regions. Additional signal increases were detected in occipital regions, the cerebellum, and the right angular and lingual gyrus. Our data partially confirm the hypothesis of different neural substrates for the processing of implicit and explicit emotional stimuli.
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Meisenzahl E, Scheuerecker J, Schmitt G, Möller H. Dopamine, Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory Functioning in Schizophrenia. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-992132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zetzsche T, Preuss UW, Frodl T, Watz D, Schmitt G, Koutsouleris N, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. In-vivo topography of structural alterations of the anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmitt G, La Fougère C, Dresel S, Frodl T, Hahn K, Möller H, Meisenzahl E. The productive psychotic syndrome in first episode schizophrenic patients is associated with a striatal hyperdopaminergic state: Evidence from dual-isotope SPECT imaging. Clin Neurophysiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meisenzahl EM, Ottes T, Zetzsche T, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Schmitt G, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ. Schizophrenie: Eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung? Eine 6-Jahres Follow-Up MRT Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koutsouleris N, Gaser C, Jäger M, Bottlender R, Frodl T, Holzinger S, Schmitt G, Zetzsche T, Burgermeister B, Nenadic I, Scheuerecker J, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Zusammenhang von zerebralen, strukturellen Veränderungen und psychopathologischen Syndromen der Schizophrenie: Eine VBM/MRT Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Scheuerecker J, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Kleemann AM, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Implizite und explizite Emotionsverarbeitung: Eine funktionelle MRT Untersuchung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meisenzahl EM, Scheuerecker J, Zipse M, Ufer S, Wiesmann M, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Schmitt G, Riedel M, Spellmann I, Dehning S, Linn J, Brückmann H, Möller HJ. Effects of treatment with the atypical neuroleptic quetiapine on working memory function: a functional MRI follow-up investigation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:522-31. [PMID: 17151834 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-006-0687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory as a part of higher-order executive functions is defined by the parallel storage and processing of information. Recent functional fMRI studies have revealed a functional, interregional disintegration of a neuronal network connecting cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions in schizophrenic patients (SZ). Cognitive impairment in working memory is a core psychopathological correlate of schizophrenic symptoms. Atypical neuroleptics such as quetiapine have shown good efficacy in treating positive and negative symptoms. The presented study evaluated the impact of a neuroleptic steady state treatment with quetiapine on the altered working memory activation patterns in schizophrenia. METHODS Patients were examined by fMRI at baseline and after 12 weeks of steady state treatment with quetiapine. Matched healthy controls (HC) underwent baseline examination. In the scanner, stimuli were presented in a 2-back and 0-back condition of a working memory (wm) paradigm, whereby a degraded and a non-degraded version were used each time. Additionally, behavioural responses (reaction time to target stimuli and error ratio) were measured. RESULTS At baseline, healthy controls revealed increased activity in the frontal lobe, especially in regions of the prefrontal cortex. Compared to HC, SZ showed hypoactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) bilaterally for the 2-back condition. In the 2-back degraded condition there was a hypoactivation in both, the right DLPFC and the VLPFC. Additionally, patients showed bilaterally decreased activation in the basalganglia in the 2-back and in the right caudatus in the 2-back degraded condition compared to healthy controls. After treatment with quetiapine, patients activations patterns were increased. The pre-post comparison of the 2-back condition revealed a significant increase of activation in the left VLPFC at a significance level of 0.001 (uncorrected). The 2-back degraded condition led to a significant activation pattern in the lingual gyrus and the right precuneus. In both wm conditions, at baseline there were no differences in reaction time but only a worse performance in SZ. After treatment, behavioural measurement of responses, including reaction time and performance, showed slight improvements in SZ, although these did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The neuronal networks underlying working memory are clearly altered in schizophrenia. After 12 weeks of treatment with quetiapine monotherapy, patients showed significant clinical improvement and revealed increased BOLD activity in the VLPFC during a working memory task, although there was no improvement of cognitive performance.
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Pape H, Orth K, Heese A, Heyll A, Kobbe G, Schmitt G, Niederbichler AD, Peiper M, Schwarz A, Boelke E. G-CSF during large field radiotherapy reduces bone marrow recovery capacity. Eur J Med Res 2006; 11:322-8. [PMID: 17052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Side effects of chemo- and radiotherapy are granulo- and thrombocytopenia. However, the long-term effects of in vivo granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulation of the hematopoietic system during radiotherapy are not yet completely understood. In the present study, we sought to determine the bone marrow effect of G-CSF during radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective, randomized clinical trial 10 patients (6 m, 4 f, 30-64 yrs, mean 50.6 yrs) were assigned to large field radiotherapy (RT). 7 patients (pat.) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, one patient with Hodgkin's disease and 2 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung were included. The patients were randomized to either radiotherapy alone (group A) or radiotherapy with simultaneous G-CSF (group B) treatment and assessed for acute and late toxicity. Blood samples were drawn and analyzed before and after G-CSF stimulation. The mobilization effectivity of G-CSF on CD34 superset+ progenitor cells was measured using flow cytometry and colony forming units (CFU) testing on admission and during the complete follow-up period (1, 3 and 18 months post RTx). RESULTS Overall, 50 pat. were intended to be included to the protocol. However, the preliminary analysis revealed a significant decrease of thrombocytes and CD34 superset+ progenitor cells in the G-CSF treatment group. According to the study protocol further treatment was stopped. Peripheral leukocyte counts ranged between 2800 - 4375 /mul in 9/10 pat. In group B mean thrombocyte levels dropped below 30.000 mg/l and CD34 superset+ progenitor cells to 50% (interruption criteria, p<0.02, Student's t-test). Hemoglobin values did not vary. Differential blood smears showed differences in granulocyte counts and a higher proportion of neutrophils in group B. Lymphocyte counts of patients randomized to group A were significantly decreased when compared to group B. In group A, 3/5 pat. developed an overshooting reaction (4,7 x increase) after G-CSF-stimulation. In arm B circulating CD34 superset+ progenitor cells dropped. In arm A, 3/5 pat. had an initial overshoot reaction when compared to none in group B. CFU (> 40 cells) and cluster (4 -39 cells) showed considerable variations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that simultaneous treatment with G-CSF during radiotherapy reduces the mobilization of CD34+ progenitor cells and exhaust the bone marrow capacity while peripheral leukocyte counts remain at baseline levels.
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Schneider S, Schmitt G, Richter W. Prevalence and correlates of inflammatory arthritis in Germany: data from the First National Health Survey. Rheumatol Int 2006; 27:29-38. [PMID: 16819609 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to generate data on the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis in different subgroups of the population and to identify correlates on the basis of population-based cross-sectional data: the "First National Health Survey of the Federal Republic of Germany". This Survey investigated the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis, comorbidity and health-relevant behaviors on the basis of interviews with physicians and medical evaluations conducted in the period from October 1997 to March 1999. The study was based on a net sample comprising 6,461 subjects aged 18-79. Our data demonstrate an overall prevalence of 3.4% for inflammatory arthritis. The prevalence of inflammatory arthritis is significantly higher in women, the over-50, lower-income groups, and habitual smokers. Patients with inflammatory arthritis have a higher rate of numerous comorbidities such as osteoporosis, thyroid disease, chronic bronchial disease, hypertension, and elevated blood lipids versus healthy reference groups.
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Hebting Y, Schaeffer P, Behrens A, Adam P, Schmitt G, Schneckenburger P, Bernasconi SM, Albrecht P. Biomarker Evidence for a Major Preservation Pathway of Sedimentary Organic Carbon. Science 2006; 312:1627-31. [PMID: 16690819 DOI: 10.1126/science.1126372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenation processes leading from biomolecules to fossil biomarkers in anoxic sediments are crucial for the preservation of organic matter. However, these processes are still poorly understood. The present identification of several reduced carotenoids in recent sediments attests that these processes operate at the earliest stages of diagenesis without structural or stereochemical specificity, implying a nonbiological reduction pathway. Sulfur species (e.g., H2S) are the hydrogen donors involved in such reduction, as demonstrated with laboratory experiments. These reactions allow the preservation of abundant organic carbon in the rock record.
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Schmitt G, La Fougère C, Dresel S, Frodl T, Hahn K, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. The productive psychotic syndrome in first episode schizophrenic patients is associated with a striatal hyperdopaminergic state: Evidence from Dual-Isotope-SPECT Imaging. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-939281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zetzsche T, Frodl TS, Schüle C, Baghai TC, Seifert D, Tabrizi S, Preuss UW, Schmitt G, Born C, Reiser M, Rupprecht R, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl E. Structural alterations of amygdala and hippocampus and HPA axis dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Frodl TS, Zetzsche T, Schmitt G, Schlossbauer T, Jäger MW, Bottlender R, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl E. Hippocampal and amygdala volume changes in patients with major depression and healthy controls during a three year follow-up. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schneider S, Schmitt G, Mau H, Schmitt H, Sabo D, Richter W. Prävalenz und Korrelate der Osteoarthrose in der BRD. DER ORTHOPADE 2005; 34:782-90. [PMID: 15912329 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-005-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the paper was to generate up-to-date, representative osteoarthritis prevalence data for individual population subgroups and to identify potential risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, the "First National Health Survey", investigated the prevalence of osteoarthritis, comorbidity and health-relevant behaviours of the post-unification German population on the basis of interviews with physicians and medical evaluations conducted in the period from October 1997 to March 1990. The study was based on a net sample comprising 6205 subjects aged 18-79 years. RESULTS The three main correlates for osteoarthritis are age, obesity and occupational stress factors. Osteoarthritis patients are more likely to have osteoporosis, thyroid disease, chronic bronchial disease, hypertension and elevated blood lipids, but do not tend to have a higher incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSION Our data show the importance of preventive behavioural approaches such as weight management and workplaces designed to limit joint overuse.
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Tao S, Cui YH, Xu FL, Li BG, Cao J, Liu WX, Schmitt G, Wang XJ, Shen WR, Qing BP, Sun R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2004; 320:11-24. [PMID: 14987923 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several types of vegetables were collected from two contaminated sites in Tianjin, China. The bulk soil and the rhizosphere soil samples were also collected from the same plots. Sixteen PAHs in the samples were measured. The total concentrations of PAH16 in the bulk soil from the two sites were 1.08 and 6.25 microg/g, respectively, with similar pattern. The concentrations of PAH16 and individual compounds in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in the bulk soil with mean values of 2.25 and 7.82 microg/g for the two sites, respectively. The contents of both total and dissolved organic matter in the rhizosphere were also higher than those in the bulk soil. Almost all PAH compounds studied were detected in both roots and aerial parts of the vegetables studied. Abundance of higher molecular weight PAHs in vegetable, however, was lower than that in soil. Concentrations of PAH16 in vegetable were higher than those reported in the literature for other areas. It appears that agricultural soils and vegetables in Tianjin, especially those from the site located immediately next to an urban district and irrigated with wastewater for several decades, are severely contaminated by PAHs. Among the eight types of vegetable studied, the highest concentration of PAHs was found in cauliflower. By average, the concentration of PAH16 in the aerial part of vegetables was 6.5 times higher as that in vegetable root, suggesting that foliar uptake is the primary transfer pathway of PAHs from environment to vegetables.
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Meisenzahl EM, Frodl T, Müller D, Schmitt G, Gallinat J, Zetzsche T, Marcuse A, Juckel G, Leinsinger G, Hahn K, Möller HJ, Hegerl U. Superior temporal gyrus and P300 in schizophrenia: a combined ERP/structural magnetic resonance imaging investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38:153-62. [PMID: 14757329 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Decrement of the auditory P300 component of the event-related potentials (ERP) is a robust finding in schizophrenic patients and seems to be most pronounced in the left temporal region. Structural MRI studies support the hypothesis that regional structural brain differences in this patient group include reduced volume in temporal lobe structures. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the possible gray matter volume reductions in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the P300 reduction and left <right topographic asymmetry in schizophrenic patients. Therefore, in 50 male schizophrenic patients and 50 age- and educational level-matched male controls, auditory ERPs and structural MRI measurements of the gray matter volume of the STG were assessed. In the group of patients, the psychopathological symptom of thought disorder was correlated with the electrode site T3 and underlying gray matter of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. The subgroup of patients with pronounced negative symptoms was analyzed with respect to ERP and structural MRI measurements. Our data revealed no evidence for a reduction of P300 amplitude or left STG gray matter volume in schizophrenic patients. However, the higher amount of thought disorders was related to a small T3 amplitude. No associations between the electrophysiological and structural measurements could be detected. There were also no significant reductions of ERP and MRI measurements within the subgroup of patients with pronounced negative symptoms.
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Haffner HT, Graw M, Dettling A, Schmitt G, Schuff A. Concentration dependency of the BAC/BrAC (blood alcohol concentration/breath alcohol concentration) conversion factor during the linear elimination phase. Int J Legal Med 2003; 117:276-81. [PMID: 12845448 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-003-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 05/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the theoretical pharmacokinetical considerations put forward by Wehner et al. the BAC(ven)/BrAC conversion factor Q is not a constant value and varies depending on the pharmacokinetic phase deduced from the alcohol concentration curve. Based on these considerations we propose that Q must be inversely proportional to the BrAC during the postabsorptive linear elimination phase, expressed as the hyperbola Q=1/kappa+(CT)/BrAC. The constants kappa or 1/kappa and (CT)--where (CT) consists of different parameters which remain constant during the linear elimination phase--can be experimentally determined from the linear relationship BrAC = kappaBAC(ven)-kappa(CT). To test this hypothesis 12 human volunteers received parenteral doses of ethanol. During the elimination phase, BAC and BrAC of each volunteer were measured between 18 and 34 times in a BrAC range between 0.65 mg/l and 0.12 mg/l. The conversion factor Q was either expressed in the form of the hyperbola Q=1/kappa+(CT)/BrAC or directly calculated from the ratio BAC(ven)/BrAC and the results obtained using both methods were found to be very similar. The values of 1/kappa of the hyperbolic functions varied between 1.808 and 2.165 and those of (CT) between 0.004 and 0.127. For a BrAC of 0.25 mg/l, an average value of 2.308+/-0.080 could be calculated for the conversion factor Q(0.25). On average, the value of Q(0.40) amounted to 2.207+/-0.048 and that of Q(0.55) to 2.160+/-0.056.
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Gerlach B, Audretsch W, Gogolin F, Koenigshausen T, Rohn R, Schmitt G, Dimmerling P, Willers R, Hartmann K. Remission-and breast preservation-rates in neoadjuvan treatment of breast cancer: preoperative chemotherapy vs. chemo-radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dettling A, Strohbeck-Kühner P, Schmitt G, Haffner HT. [Animal bites caused by a song bird?]. ARCHIV FUR KRIMINOLOGIE 2001; 208:48-53. [PMID: 11591059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The report describes a case of post-mortem scavenging by a songbird. A married couple had opened the cage of an astrild (finch) prior to their joint death. The body of the wife showed unusual patchy epidermal lesions on parts of the body not covered by the clothing, which were obviously caused by the songbird. According to the observations made by Roll and Rous they are attributable to "pecking and pulling". The behaviour of the bird was most probably due to lack of fluid.
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Hartmann KA, Feldmeier JJ, Schmitt G, Carl UM. Late radiation sequelae in women after breast-conserving cancer therapy: effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2001. [PMCID: PMC3300539 DOI: 10.1186/bcr356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gripp S, Stammen J, Althaus C, Schmitt G. Radiotherapy for age-related macula disease: a longitudinal single-arm study. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carl UM, Feldmeier JJ, Schmitt G, Hartmann KA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late sequelae in women receiving radiation after breast-conserving surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49:1029-31. [PMID: 11240244 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Persisting symptomatology after breast-conserving surgery and radiation is frequently reported. In most cases, symptoms in the breast resolve without further treatment. In some instances, however, pain, erythema, and edema can persist for years and can impact the patient's quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was shown to be effective as treatment for late radiation sequelae. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in symptomatic patients after breast cancer treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients with persisting symptomatology after breast-conservation therapy were prospectively observed. Thirty-two women received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a multiplace chamber for a median of 25 sessions (range, 7-60). One hundred percent oxygen was delivered at 240 kPa for 90-min sessions, 5 times per week. Twelve control patients received no further treatment. Changes throughout the irradiated breast tissue were scored prior to and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy using modified LENT-SOMA criteria. RESULTS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy patients showed a significant reduction of pain, edema, and erythema scores as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.001). Fibrosis and telangiectasia, however, were not significantly affected by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Seven of 32 women were free of symptoms after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, whereas all 12 patients in the control group had persisting complaints. CONCLUSIONS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with persisting symptomatology following breast-conserving therapy.
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