26
|
Panzarasa G, Aghion S, Soliveri G, Consolati G, Ferragut R. Positron annihilation spectroscopy: a new frontier for understanding nanoparticle-loaded polymer brushes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:02LT03. [PMID: 26630081 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/02lt03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-loaded polymer brushes are powerful tools for the development of innovative devices. However, their characterization is challenging and arrays of different techniques are typically required to gain sufficient insight. Here we demonstrate for the first time the suitability of positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) to investigate, with unprecedented detail and without making the least damage to samples, the physico-chemical changes experienced by pH-responsive polymer brushes after protonation and after loading of silver nanoparticles. One of the most important findings is the depth profiling of silver nanoparticles inside the brushes. These results open up a completely new way to understand the structure and behavior of such complex systems.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kellerbauer A, Aghion S, Amsler C, Ariga A, Ariga T, Bonomi G, Bräunig P, Bremer J, Brusa RS, Cabaret L, Caccia M, Caravita R, Castelli F, Cerchiari G, Chlouba K, Cialdi S, Comparat D, Consolati G, Demetrio A, Di Noto L, Doser M, Dudarev A, Ereditato A, Evans C, Ferragut R, Fesel J, Fontana A, Gerber S, Giammarchi M, Gligorova A, Guatieri F, Haider S, Holmestad H, Huse T, Jordan E, Kimura M, Koettig T, Krasnický D, Lagomarsino V, Lansonneur P, Lebrun P, Lehner S, Liberadzka J, Malbrunot C, Mariazzi S, Matveev V, Mazzotta Z, Nebbia G, Nédélec P, Oberthaler M, Pacifico N, Pagano D, Penasa L, Petráček V, Pistillo C, Prelz F, Prevedelli M, Ravelli L, Rienäcker B, Røhne O, Rotondi A, Sacerdoti M, Sandaker H, Santoro R, Scampoli P, Smestad L, Sorrentino F, Špaček M, Storey J, Strojek I, Testera G, Tietje I, Widmann E, Yzombard P, Zavatarelli S, Zmeskal J, Zurlo N. Probing antimatter gravity – The AEGIS experiment at CERN. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612602016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Consolati G, Aghion S, Amsler C, Ariga A, Ariga T, Belov A, Bonomi G, Bräunig P, Bremer J, Brusa R, Cabaret L, Caccia M, Caravita R, Castelli F, Cerchiari G, Chlouba K, Cialdi S, Comparat D, Demetrio A, Derking H, Di Noto L, Doser M, Dudarev A, Ereditato A, Ferragut R, Fontana A, Gerber S, Giammarchi M, Gligorova A, Gninenko S, Haider S, Hogan S, Holmestad H, Huse T, Jordan EJ, Kawada J, Kellerbauer A, Kimura M, Krasnicky D, Lagomarsino V, Lehner S, Malbrunot C, Mariazzi S, Matveev V, Mazzotta Z, Nebbia G, Nedelec P, Oberthaler M, Pacifico N, Penasa L, Petracek V, Pistillo C, Prelz F, Prevedelli M, Ravelli L, Riccardi C, Røhne O, Rosenberger S, Rotondi A, Sacerdoti M, Sandaker H, Santoro R, Scampoli P, Simon M, Spacek M, Storey J, Strojek IM, Subieta M, Testera G, Widmann E, Yzombard P, Zavatarelli S, Zmeskal J. Experiments with low-energy antimatter. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159601007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Subieta Vasquez MA, Aghion S, Ahlén O, Amsler C, Ariga A, Ariga T, Belov AS, Bonomi G, Bräunig P, Bremer J, Brusa RS, Cabaret L, Caccia M, Canali C, Caravita R, Castelli F, Cerchiari G, Cialdi S, Comparat D, Consolati G, Dassa L, Derking JH, Di Domizio S, Di Noto L, Doser M, Dudarev A, Ereditato A, Ferragut R, Fontana A, Genova P, Giammarchi M, Gligorova A, Gninenko SN, Heider S, Hogan SD, Huse T, Jordan E, Jørgensen LV, Kaltenbacher T, Kawada J, Kellerbauer A, Kimura M, Knecht A, Krasnický D, Lagomarsino V, Mariazzi S, Matveev VA, Merkt F, Moia F, Nebbia G, Nédélec P, Oberthaler MK, Pacifico N, Petráček V, Pistilo C, Prelz F, Prevedelli M, Regenfus C, Ricardi C, Røhne O, Rotondi A, Sandaker H, Scampoli P, Storey J, Špaček M, Testera G, Trezzi D, Vaccarone R, Villa F, Zavatarelli S. AE$\overline {\rm{g}}$IS Experiment: Measuring the acceleration gof the earth’s gravitational field on antihydrogen beam. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20147100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
30
|
Consolati G, Quasso F. Polarization of positronium in amorphous polar polymers: a case study. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:204901. [PMID: 24289373 DOI: 10.1063/1.4832321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The features of positronium in an amorphous copolymer (polyvinyl acetate-crotonic acid) in a range of temperatures including the glass transition were investigated by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. In particular, para-positronium lifetime was found to be longer than in a vacuum and to decrease with the temperature. This was attributed to the electron density at the positron (contact density), which is lower than in vacuo due to the presence of polar groups in the copolymer. A three quantum yield experiment confirmed the lifetime results.
Collapse
|
31
|
Consolati G, Ferragut R, Galarneau A, Di Renzo F, Quasso F. Mesoporous materials for antihydrogen production. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3821-32. [PMID: 23250616 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimatter is barely known by the chemist community and this article has the vocation to explain how antimatter, in particular antihydrogen, can be obtained, as well as to show how mesoporous materials could be used as a further improvement for the production of antimatter at very low temperatures (below 1 K). The first experiments with mesoporous materials highlighted in this review show very promising and exciting results. Mesoporous materials such as mesoporous silicon, mesoporous material films, pellets of MCM-41 and silica aerogel show remarkable features for antihydrogen formation. Yet, the characteristics for the best future mesoporous materials (e.g. pore sizes, pore connectivity, shape, surface chemistry) remain to be clearly identified. For now among the best candidates are pellets of MCM-41 and aerogel with pore sizes between 10 and 30 nm, possessing hydrophobic patches on their surface to avoid ice formation at low temperature. From a fundamental standpoint, antimatter experiments could help to shed light on open issues, such as the apparent asymmetry between matter and antimatter in our universe and the gravitational behaviour of antimatter. To this purpose, basic studies on antimatter are necessary and a convenient production of antimatter is required. It is exactly where mesoporous materials could be very useful.
Collapse
|
32
|
Consolati G, Lotti N, Mariani M, Munari A, Quasso F. Structural changes of poly(ethylene isophthalate) subjected to gamma irradiation. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
33
|
Salgueiro W, Somoza A, Silva L, Consolati G, Quasso F, Mansilla MA, Marzocca AJ. Temperature dependence on free volume in cured natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber blends. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:051805. [PMID: 21728565 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.051805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study on the evolution of free volume as a function of the temperature in vulcanized at 433 K natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in 25-75, 50-50, 75-25 NR-SBR (percent content of pure NR and SBR, respectively) blends was studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. All samples were prepared with sulfur and TBBS (n-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide) as accelerator. The glass transition temperatures of the samples studied were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and from lifetime data. In general, a sigmoidal-like complex behavior of the long-lived lifetime component, linked to the nanohole free volume, as a function of the temperature was found. For SBR, the slope of the ortho-positronium lifetime against temperature curves could be well-fitted using a linear function. For blends and also for NR, two different linear functions were necessary. This last behavior is explained in terms of the supercooled process involving a reconfiguration of the elastomeric chains. In the case of blends, the state of cure of NR and SBR in each NR-SBR sample was also taken into account in the discussion of the results obtained. Besides, thermal expansion coefficients of the free volumes in the transition and glassy region of all compounds were estimated. The differences observed in the values of this parameter are discussed by taking into account the morphology and formulation of each blend, the crosslink densities, and the role of the interphases formed between both NR and SBR elastomers.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mariani M, Consolati G, Quasso F, Lotti N, Munari A, Galletta M, Macerata E. Effects of gamma irradiation on poly(ethylene isophthalate). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Bisi A, Consolati G, Gambarini G, Zappa L. Effects of collisions with paramagnetic ions on the magnetic quenching of positronium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02888829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Salgueiro W, Somoza A, Consolati G, Quasso F, Marzocca A. A PALS and DSC study on SBR/NR blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200675784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
38
|
Mariani M, Ravasio U, Varoli V, Consolati G, Faucitano A, Buttafava A. Gamma irradiation of polyester films. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Ravasio U, Consolati G, Faucitano A, Mariani M, Quasso F. Effects of oxygen in gamma irradiated aromatic polyesters in film. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
40
|
Consolati G. On the thermal expansion of nanohole free volume in perfluoropolyethers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:10096-9. [PMID: 16852223 DOI: 10.1021/jp050576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the free volume in polymers, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy data are transformed into nanohole volumes by modeling the cavities as spheres or, more generally, using geometries assuming an isotropic thermal expansion. However, this guess could be unrealistic owing to the irregular shape of nanoholes and constrained movements of the macromolecules. In this work, it is shown that a comparison of hole-lattice theory with positron and dilatometric data for a homologous series of perfluoropolyethers supplies information on the anisotropic expansion of nanoholes; the relation between volume and typical unconstrained size of the cavities can be expressed by a power law with noninteger exponents.
Collapse
|
41
|
Salgueiro W, Somozaa A, Marzocca A, Consolati G, Quasso F. Evolution of the crosslink structure in the elastomers NR and SBR. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Félix M, Consolati G, Velázquez R, Castaño V. Positron annihilation studies of nanoholes and microphase formation control of a PMMA+MMA+TEGDMA system. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Laporta M, Pegoraro M, Bianchi F, Consolati G, Zanderighi L. Composition, preparation procedure and physical properties of linear homogeneous polyurethanes for membranes. POLYM INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
44
|
Consolati G. Evolution of porosity in a Portland cement paste studied through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Goyanes S, Rubiolo G, Marzocca A, Salgueiro W, Somoza A, Consolati G, Mondragon I. Yield and internal stresses in aluminum filled epoxy resin. A compression test and positron annihilation analysis. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
46
|
Brambilla L, Consolati G, Gallo R, Quasso F, Severini F. Environmental degradation of isotactic polypropylene plates as studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
47
|
Buttafava A, Consolati G, Di Landro L, Mariani M. γ-Irradiation effects on polyethylene terephthalate studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Consolati G. Positronium trapping in small voids: Influence of their shape on positron annihilation results. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1507578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
49
|
Consolati G, Quasso F. An experimental study of the occupied volume in polyethylene terephthalate. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1338980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
50
|
Consolati G, Kansy J, Pegoraro M, Quasso F, Zanderighi L. Positron annihilation study of free volume in cross-linked amorphous polyurethanes through the glass transition temperature. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|