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Parisi V, Centofanti M, Ziccardi L, Tanga L, Michelessi M, Roberti G, Manni G. Treatment with citicoline eye drops enhances retinal function and neural conduction along the visual pathways in open angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253:1327-40. [PMID: 26004075 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the retinal function and the neural conduction along the visual pathways after treatment with citicoline eye drops in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS Fifty-six OAG patients (mean age 52.4 ± 4.72 years, IOP <18 mmHg with beta-blocker monotherapy only) were enrolled. Of these, 47 eyes completed the study: 24 OAG eyes were treated with topical citicoline (OMK1®, Omikron Italia, 3 drops/day) (GC eyes) over a 4-month period (month 4) followed by a 2-month period of citicoline wash-out (month 6), and another 23 OAG eyes were only treated with beta-blocker monotherapy (GP eyes). In GC and GP eyes, pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were assessed at baseline and at months 4 and 6 in both groups. RESULTS At baseline, similar (ANOVA, p > 0.01) PERG and VEP values in GC and GP eyes were observed. After treatment with topical citicoline, a significant (p < 0.01) increase of PERG P50-N95 and VEP N75-P100 amplitudes, and a significant (p < 0.01) shortening of VEP P100 implicit times were found. In GC eyes, the shortening of VEP P100 implicit times was correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with the increase of PERG P50-N95 amplitudes. After a 2-month period of topical Citicoline wash-out, PERG and VEP values were similar (p > 0.01) to baseline ones. GP eyes showed not significant changes of PERG and VEP values during the entire follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Topical treatment with citicoline in OAG eyes induces an enhancement of the retinal bioelectrical responses (increase of PERG amplitude) with a consequent improvement of the bioelectrical activity of the visual cortex (shortening and increase of VEP implicit time and amplitude, respectively).
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Roberti G, Mantelli F, Macchi I, Massaro-Giordano M, Centofanti M. Nerve growth factor modulation of retinal ganglion cell physiology. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1130-3. [PMID: 24501088 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an endogenous neurotrophin involved in the development, maintenance and regeneration of mammalian sympathetic and sensory neurons. Additionally, NGF is known to have trophic and differentiating activity on several populations of cholinergic neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), and to act as a differentiation factor in the development of the visual cortex. The paramount functions of NGF in the visual system are also highlighted by the presence of this neurotrophin and both its receptors TrkA and p75 in most intra-ocular tissues, including lens, vitreous, choroid, iris, and trabecular meshwork. In the retina, NGF is produced and utilized specifically by retinal ganglion cells (RGC), bipolar neurons and glial cells, and is thought to have crucial protective effects in several disease states. Studies on the role of NGF on RGCs survival following optic nerve transection, ischemic injury, ocular hypertension and glaucoma are discussed in this review.
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Roberti G, Tanga L, Parisi V, Sampalmieri M, Centofanti M, Manni G. A preliminary study of the neuroprotective role of citicoline eye drops in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:549-53. [PMID: 24881599 PMCID: PMC4065503 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.133484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the neuroprotective effect of topical citicoline. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental phase to evaluate the ability of citicoline eye drops to reach the vitreous and the retina: The right eyes of 5 mice CD1 were treated with two drops per day for three days of citicoline 1% and 2% (OMK1, Omikron Italia s.r.l.), and then the vitreous was analyzed with the liquid chromatography and spectrometry mass (LC-MS/MS). Clinical phase to determine if topical citicoline is able to delay glaucoma progression, considering perimetric parameters and electro functional tests. Patients were randomized in two groups, OMK1 and OAG. The first group was treated with OMK1 three times per day, plus hypotensive therapy for two months and one month of wash out. The second group was treated only with hypotensive treatment for three months. RESULTS LC-MS/MS detected the molecule very well, and only OMK1 showed systemic absorption. Thirty-four patients were enrolled, 16 in the OMK1 and 18 in the OAG group. Perimetric parameters showed a positive trend in individual eyes of patients in OMK1 group, but these values were not statistically significant in the whole group. Retinal ganglion cells function improved as shown by reduced P50 latency (P = 0.04) and increased P50-N95 amplitude (P < 0.0001) of pattern electroretinogram, up to 30 days after the washout (P = 0.01; P = 0.002). Visual evoked potential and retino-cortical time improvement regressed after 30 days of washout. In OAG group, there was any change during the follow-up. No adverse reactions were reported in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Topical citicoline seems to have a neuroprotective action.
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Roberti G, Centofanti M, Oddone F, Tanga L, Michelessi M, Manni G. Comparing optic nerve head analysis between confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1026-32. [PMID: 24655001 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.891752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, HRT3, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), RTVue-100, are able to give 3-dimensional (3D) topography images of optic nerve head (ONH) and to derive stereometric parameters and sectorial analysis. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the agreement of these two devices and their diagnostic accuracy to discriminate eyes with glaucoma from those without. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glaucoma patients and healthy control subjects were included. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including slit lamp evaluation and visual field (VF) test. After pupil dilatation, HRT3 and RTVue-100 were performed. The following stereometric parameters were recorded: disc area, rim area, rim volume, cup volume, cup area, cup/disk ratio, and the following sectors, superotemporal, superonasal, inferotemporal, inferonasal. RESULTS Forty-six eyes of 46 glaucoma patients and 58 eyes of 58 healthy subjects were included in the study. In both groups, HRT3 rim area and rim volume were statistically higher than RTVue-100 (glaucomas: 0.95 ± 0.38 versus 0.44 ± 0.33 and 0.19 ± 0.13 versus 0.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.01. controls: 1.41 ± 0.30 versus 1.08 ± 0.37 and 0.37 ± 0.13 versus 0.14 ± 0.11, p < 0.01), while cup area was statistically higher by RTVue-100 (glaucomas: 1.42 ± 0.57 versus 1.14 ± 0.58, p < 0.01. controls: 1.05 ± 1.35 versus 0.65 ± 0.48). Bland and Altman plots confirmed the presence of a fixed bias. The parameters with largest AUROC were rim volume, rim area and cup/disk ratio for both instruments. HRT3 inferotemporal sector had the highest sensitivity (80.43%, at 75.9% specificity), while for RTVue-100, the superotemporal sector had the highest sensitivity (76.1%, at 81% specificity). The agreement was moderate for inferotemporal sector and fair for the others. CONCLUSIONS HRT3 and RTVue-100 are not interchangeable for ONH analysis. They both have good diagnostic accuracy, but RTVue-100 shows slightly better performance, at least with regard to rim area volume.
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McNeill A, Roberti G, Lascaratos G, Hughes D, Mehta A, Garway-Heath DF, Schapira AHV. Corrigendum to "Retinal thinning in Gaucher disease patients and carriers: Results of a pilot study" [Mol. Genet. Metab. 109 (2013) 221-223]. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:408. [PMID: 28843379 PMCID: PMC5614915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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McNeill A, Roberti G, Lascaratos G, Hughes D, Mehta A, Garway-Heath DF, Schapira AH. Retinal thinning in Gaucher disease patients and carriers: results of a pilot study. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:221-3. [PMID: 23639447 PMCID: PMC3682181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Both Gaucher disease patients and heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers are at increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Retinal thinning has been reported in early Parkinson's disease. Here we used optical coherence tomography to demonstrate thinning of the retinal ganglion cell layer in Gaucher disease patients and carriers who manifest clinical markers of potential early neurodegeneration. Optical coherence tomography may help identify Gaucher disease patients and carriers at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
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Tranchina L, Centofanti M, Oddone F, Tanga L, Roberti G, Liberatoscioli L, Cortese C, Manni G. Levels of plasma homocysteine in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 249:443-8. [PMID: 20740289 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy control subjects. METHODS This study included 36 patients with PEXG, 40 with POAG, and 40 age-matched healthy subjects. Fasting plasma Hcy concentrations and levels of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured using competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay; values exceeding 14 μm/l were considered elevated. RESULTS Mean plasma Hcy was significantly higher in PEXG (16.55 ± 7.23 μm/l) compared with POAG (13.91 ± 3.61 μm/l) and controls (13.12 ± 5.13 μm/l) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0007 respectively). There were no statistical differences in serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels among PEXG, POAG and control subjects (p > 0.05). A moderate, although statistically significant, relationship between Hcy and folic acid levels was found in the PEXG group (R(2) = 0.23, p = 0.003). Hcy levels were found not to be related with folic acid or vitamin B12 in either POAG or control subjects. CONCLUSIONS In this study, plasma Hcy is significantly higher in PEXG group than the POAG and control groups. Hyper-Hcy might play a role in the pathogenesis of PEXG. Hyper-Hcy may be an independent factor stressing vasculopathy in addition to pseudoexfoliation, so might be a modifiable risk factor for PEXG.
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Fabbrocini G, Di Costanzo MP, Riccardo AM, Quarto M, Colasanti A, Roberti G, Monfrecola G. Photodynamic therapy with topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 61:30-4. [PMID: 11485845 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatments currently employed for plantar warts are often painful (electrosurgery, cryotherapy) and not always effective (keratolytic agents). In this paper we investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) on plantar warts. In order to remove the superficial hyperkeratotic layer of the warts an ointment containing 10% urea and 10% salicylic acid was applied for 7 days. After gentle curettage, a cream containing 20% ALA was applied under an occlusive dressing for 5 h on 64 warts, while 57 warts (controls) received only the vehicle. Both the ALA-treated warts and the controls were irradiated using a visible light lamp (with a range of 400-700 nm, peaking at 630 nm). The light dose was 50 J/cm(2). Patients were followed-up for 22 months. Two months after the last irradiation session 48 (75.0%) out of 64 ALA-PDT treated warts had resolved. By contrast only 13 (22.8%) of the 57 control warts had done so. During the treatment a few patients complained of a mild burning sensation. The absorption of ALA by the verrucous tissue was demonstrated by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy. This study shows that topical ALA-PDT can be an alternative treatment for plantar warts. Further studies will be necessary in order to optimize the concentration of ALA and duration of treatment.
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Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Fabbrocini G, Liuzzi R, Quarto M, Riccio P, Roberti G, Villani F. MS-2 fibrosarcoma characterization by laser induced autofluorescence. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 26:441-8. [PMID: 10861699 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9101(2000)26:5<441::aid-lsm3>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE MS-2 fibrosarcoma implanted in BALB-CDF1 mice was investigated by frequency and time domain measurements of the autofluorescence (AF) radiation emitted upon excitation by a N(2) laser beam (337.1 nm). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS AF spectra were obtained by using a spectrograph, a multichannel plate and an optical multichannel analyzer for the steady state detection. Time-resolved spectra were performed by means of a monochromator, a photomultiplier, and a digital signal analyzer. RESULTS Spectral measurements show that the autofluorescence intensity of pathologic tissue is lower than that of healthy one in the 400- to 500- spectral region. In the same spectral range, we found the fluorescence decay to be the sum of a fast and a slow component. The lifetime of the fast component of tumoral tissue is significantly lower than that of healthy samples. CONCLUSION Frequency and time domain measurements used in combination show that MS2-fibrosarcoma is characterized by the probable presence of the free form of NADH.
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Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Liuzzi R, Quarto M, Riccio P, Roberti G, Tramontano D, Villani F. Hypericin photosensitization of tumor and metastatic cell lines of human prostate. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 54:103-7. [PMID: 10836538 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the photoactivating effect of hypericin on two cancer cell lines: PC-3, a prostatic adenocarcinoma non-responsive to androgen therapy and LNCaP, a lymphonodal metastasis of prostate carcinoma responsive to androgen therapy. The two cell lines are incubated for 24 h with hypericin at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.3 microg/ml in cell culture medium. The cells are irradiated at 599 nm (fluence = 11 J/cm2) using a dye laser pumped by an argon laser. Hypericin exerts phototoxic effects on both cell lines, while it does not produce toxic effects in the absence of irradiation. These results suggest that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin could be an alternative approach to the treatment of prostatic tumors, and could be beneficial in tumors that are non-responsive to androgen therapy.
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Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Kusch D, Liuzzi R, Mastrocinque M, Montforts FP, Quarto M, Riccio P, Roberti G, Villani F. In vitro photo-activation of newly synthesized chlorin derivatives with red-light-emitting diodes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1997; 38:54-60. [PMID: 9134754 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro photo-activation properties of two chlorin derivatives, i.e. 8-cis-heptylchlorin dicarboxylic acid and 3-trans-heptylchlorin bisamidoglucose derivative, which exhibit lipophilic properties similar to those of the active fractions of Photofrin II, on a normal epithelial cell line (FRTL-5). We used as an irradiation source an array of diodes emitting red light (lambda = 675 nm), which produced a fluence of 7mW cm-2 on the cells. We found that photo-activation with chlorin derivatives in the concentration range 1-100 ng ml-1 greatly enhanced the mortality of the irradiated cells (energy density, 0.25 J cm-2) with respect to the control cells kept in the dark. This response is immediate and appears to be an "all or none' effect. Taking into account that compounds exhibit a strong absorbance peak in the long wavelength region of visible light where tissues are relatively transparent, our results suggest that chlorins can be considered to be good candidates for application in photodynamic therapy.
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Palumbo G, Caruso M, Crescenzi E, Tecce MF, Roberti G, Colasanti A. Targeted gene transfer in eucaryotic cells by dye-assisted laser optoporation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1996; 36:41-6. [PMID: 8988610 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The blue beam of an Argon laser (488 nm) has been focused on the cell membrane in the presence of phenol-red, an usual component of cell culture media, through a 100 x objective. At the site of the beam impact, due probably to local temperature changes, the cell membrane modifies its permeability. As a consequence of the hit, circular areas, whose radius may be apparently regulated by changing the irradiation time and/or the radiation intensity (energy), appear on the wall, last for a short time and fade spontaneously within 1-2 minutes. No evident sings of cell injury or hurt have been observed afterward. Plasmid DNA, purposely added to culture fluid, easily slips in the cytoplasm; utilizing such approach, thereafter indicated as "optoporation', we have successfully transfected two genes, namely beta-galactosidase and chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase in murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Therefore optoporation represents an additional procedure for gene transfer with several advantages over already available methods: (1) it only takes advantage of the presence of phenol-red, a normal cell medium component, with no need of addition of extraneous substances; (2) it is a very mild treatment virtually suitable for any cell type and (3) it allows transfection of selected cells even in the presence of cells of different type (providing that they are morphologically distinguishable).
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Colasanti P, Kisslinger A, Mastrocinque M, Riccio P, Roberti G. Kinetic transport analysis of daunorubicin by LoVo and LoVo/DX cells. Photochem Photobiol 1996; 64:159-62. [PMID: 8787008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a fluorometric technique for the measurement of transport parameters of fluorescent drugs through cellular membranes. Unlike other procedures, this method gives an accurate measure of drug accumulated in the cells and measures the fraction of free and bound drug in the cell. The kinetic parameters of transport through cellular membranes are determined using a simple three-compartment model combined with fluorescence measurements performed on the extracellular medium and on Triton-permeabilized cells during daunorubicin incorporation. With this technique we found that LoVo cells have a greater daunorubicin uptake, a similar input rate constant and a lower output rate constant than the drug-resistant LoVo/DX cells.
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Fagioli F, Cuneo A, Bardi A, Carli MG, Bigoni R, Balsamo R, Previati R, Pazzi I, Roberti G, Rigolin GM. Heterogeneity of lineage involvement by trisomy 8 in myelodysplastic syndrome. A multiparameter analysis combining conventional cytogenetics, DNA in situ hybridization, and bone marrow culture studies. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 82:116-22. [PMID: 7664240 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the role of trisomy 8 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we performed a multiparameter analysis combining conventional chromosome studies (CCS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and bone marrow (BM) culture studies in two patients with MDS evolving into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A mosaicism of a cytogenetically normal clone and a clone with trisomy 8 was detected in both patients throughout the course of the disease, a finding confirmed by FISH on BM cells. The relative size of the trisomic clone increased from 52% to 71% (p < 0.0001) and from 53% to 69% (p = 0.001) of all BM cells at the time of the leukemic switch in patients 1 and 2, respectively. Combined FISH and immunophenotyping of BM cells showed involvement of the granulomonocytic lineage in patient 1 and involvement of erythroid cells as well as of the granulomonocytic lineage in patient 2. Only disomic lymphocytes were detected in both patients. FISH on single hemopoietic colonies grown in semisolid media detected trisomic CFU-GM and disomic BFU-E in patient 1, whereas a proportion of CFU-GM and BFU-E deriving from the trisomic clone was detected in patient 2. However, the percent of trisomic colonies was lower than the percent of involved granulomonocyte precursors and involved erythroblasts, as detected by combined FISH and immunophenotyping on fresh BM samples. We have thus shown heterogeneity of lineage involvement by trisomy 8 in MDS undergoing transformation into AML. Although preferential growth of disomic clones may occur in vitro, the finding of an increased size of the trisomic clone at the time of leukemic switch suggests that these cells had proliferative advantage in vivo over cells without trisomy 8.
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Cuneo A, Boogaerts M, Ferrant A, Michaux JL, Bosly A, Louwagie A, Van den Berghe H, Balsamo R, Roberti G, Bardi A. Cytogenetics of hybrid acute leukemias. Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 18 Suppl 1:19-23. [PMID: 7496350 DOI: 10.3109/10428199509075298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the recognition of hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) is still controversial, several reports have described cytogenetic findings in these leukemias over the last 3 years. A distinct chromosomal profile appears to be associated with different immunologic subsets of HAL. The classical t(15;17), and inv(16) as well as abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 5 and/or 7 are preferentially associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with T-cell features; the t(8;21)(q22;q22), the Ph chromosome, and 11q23 rearrangements are more frequently found in AML with B-cell features; the Ph chromosome, t11q23 and 14q32 breaks without rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with myeloid markers. In addition, some chromosome aberrations may be encountered more frequently in acute leukemia with major phenotype deviations than in unselected cases of acute leukemia: namely the Ph chromosome, 11q23 rearrangements, and +13. These chromosome changes appear to be associated with a low complete remission (CR) rate. An association has been documented in some patients with ALL between the presence of the t(9;22) and a minor myeloid component consisting of 5-15% blast cells with myelomonocytic features, raising the possibility that a diagnosis of bilineal acute leukemia would be more appropriate in such cases. These patients appear to have a severe outcome with significantly lower CR rate than similar cases of Ph-positive ALL without a minor myeloid component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Cuneo A, Balboni M, Carli MG, Bigoni R, Roberti G, Pazzi I, Previati R, Castoldi G. Involvement of erythrocytic and granulomonocytic lineages by trisomy 11 in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with trilineage myelodysplasia. An interphase cytogenetic study. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 77:33-8. [PMID: 7923080 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To study the cytologic profile and lineage involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with trisomy 11, cytologic, cytogenetic, and interphase cytogenetic studies were performed at presentation in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4). Patient 1 had +11 as the sole chromosome aberration in 16/20 karyotypes whereas two related clones with +11 in all abnormal metaphases (14/18) were detected in patient 2. A proportion of interphase cells with three signals, comparable to the proportion of abnormal metaphases, was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in these patients. Morphologic aberrations of the nonblast cell population affecting multiple cell lineages, along with a circulating minor megakaryoblastic component, were observed at diagnosis in both patients. By separation of bone marrow cells over a density gradient of Percoll two cell fractions were obtained, the former containing more than 80% erythroid precursors (collected at a density of 1065-1075 mg/ml), the latter containing more than 78% blast cells plus granulomonocytic precursors (collected at a density of 1060-1055 mg/ml). FISH documented the presence of a majority of interphase nuclei with three signals in the erythroblast-enriched cell fraction and in the blast-enriched cell fraction. It is concluded that cytologic features, as well as interphase cytogenetic findings on enriched cell fractions, suggest the occurrence of multipotent stem cell involvement in AML-M4 with +11.
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Andreoni A, Bottiroli G, Colasanti A, Giangarè MC, Riccio P, Roberti G, Vaghi P. Fluorochromes with long-lived fluorescence as potential labels for pulsed laser immunocytofluorometry: photophysical characterization of pyrene derivatives. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1994; 29:157-72. [PMID: 7836661 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(94)90052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An apparatus for laser-induced time-resolved fluorescence measurements, in conjunction with pyrene derivatives endowed with long-lived excited singlet states, was employed for immunocytofluorometric measurements. N-(1-pyrene)maleimide, 1-pyrenesulfonyl chloride and 1-pyreneisothiocyanate were conjugated with immunoglobulin, antimouse-IgG, and the fluorescence decays of both free and conjugated forms were investigated. Bi-exponential decays were obtained in all cases with time constants of the short-lived component in the range 3-4.7 ns and the long-lived one in the range 20-55 ns. Only the spectral distribution of the two components is essentially affected upon conjugation. The persistence of the long-lived component, well above the lifetime of autofluorescence, and of the antibody specificity, as shown by immunodiffusion tests, upon conjugation indicates that this technique could be advantageously adopted in immunocytofluorometry.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Colasanti P, Mastrocinque M, Riccio P, Roberti G. Laser photosensitization of cells by hypericin. Photochem Photobiol 1994; 59:529-33. [PMID: 8041807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb02978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Administering a light dose of 90 J/cm2 at 599 nm during incubation with hypericin to a highly differentiated normal epithelial cell line (FRTL-5), derived from Fisher rat thyroid, and to a neoplastic cell line (MPTK-6), derived from the lung metastases of a thyroid carcinoma induced in Fisher rats, produces cell kill at drug doses 1000 times lower than those necessary to cause the same mortality in the dark. The photocytocidal activity of this polycyclic quinone drug on neoplastic cells is superior to that of antitumor anthraquinone drugs, such as daunomycin and mitoxanthrone, and to the photosensitized antiviral activity previously reported for hypericin.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Mastrocinque M, Riccio P, Roberti G. Fluorometric determination of the kinetics of anthracyclines uptake by cells. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1994; 28:53-68. [PMID: 8151070 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(94)90064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorometric measurements on extracellular medium are shown to allow kinetic parameters of in vitro anthracycline uptake by cells to be calculated. The method provides influx and efflux rates, as well as the time dependence of both influx and efflux. It is applied to a normal thyroid epithelial cell line (FRTL-5) and a cell line (MPTK-6) derived from the lung metastases of a thyroid carcinoma exposed to daunorubicin at concentrations within the range of 250 to 1000 ng/ml. The results show that the number of cells influences the dependence of the kinetics upon the extracellular drug concentration and that the MPTK-6 cells are endowed with very efficient efflux mechanisms.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Kisslinger A, Mastrocinque M, Portella G, Riccio P, Roberti G. Enhanced response to daunomycin of normal, tumor and metastatic cell lines via drug photoactivation. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 57:851-5. [PMID: 8337260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the cytotoxicity of daunomycin in vitro to highly differentiated normal epithelial cells (Fisher rat thyroid cells, FRTL-5) and to two neoplastic cell lines, a thyroid carcinoma (TK-6) and its lung metastasis (MPTK-6). Whereas the cell lines are equally sensitive to the drug in the dark, if irradiated during incubation with daunomycin (86 J/cm2 at 488 nm), they become more and differently sensitive. Namely, the drug doses producing 50% mortality decrease by factors of about 22, 28 and 16 for FRTL-5, TK-6 and MPTK-6 cell lines, respectively. This result correlates with differences in drug uptake and resistance observed in the normal and neoplastic cell lines.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Roberti G. Excited singlet state properties of anthracenedione photosensitizers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1992; 14:319-28. [PMID: 1403375 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)85111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The absorption, fluorescence and S1 state kinetics of anthracycline antitumour drugs (e.g. daunomycin, adriamycin) and several imino- and/or amino-substituted derivatives are investigated. The study, which includes all anthracyclines which possess photocytocidal activity, is extended to the disubstituted aminoanthracenedione, mitoxantrone, a red-light-absorbing antitumour drug whose activity, both in vitro and in vivo, is enhanced by photoactivation. The S1 state of the anthracycline imino and amino derivatives, in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4, is characterized by bi-exponential decay kinetics which indicates the presence of two ground state populations differing in the extent of hydrogen bonding. The ammonium group of the sugar moiety of anthracyclines contributes to the quenching of the S1 state population through a prototropic mechanism.
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Coiro V, Capretti L, Bianconi L, Castelli A, Cerri L, Roberti G, Marcato A, Volpi R, Chiodera P. Reduction of baclofen-, but not sodium valproate-induced growth hormone release in type I diabetic men. Horm Metab Res 1991; 23:600-4. [PMID: 1663914 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1003764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sodium valproate (a drug enhancing endogenous gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic activity) and of the GABA analog baclofen (a GABA B receptor agonist) on serum GH levels was tested in 8 type I diabetic men and 8 normal controls. Sodium valproate (800 mg) or baclofen (10 mg) were given by mouth at 08.30 h on the experimental day. Control tests with a placebo were performed on different occasions. Basal GH levels were similar in controls and diabetic patients. Sodium valproate induced a 7 fold increase in serum GH concentrations in both groups. In contrast, baclofen-induced GH rise was significantly higher in normal controls (mean peak was 3.4 times higher than baseline) than in diabetic patients (mean peak was only 2.1 times higher than basal value). Serum GH levels did not change after placebo administration in any groups. These data suggest the presence of diabetes-induced alterations of a GABAergic pathway mediated by B receptors in the control of GH secretion. Alternatively, the data might indicate a change in diabetic men of other baclofen-sensitive neurotransmissions, different from GABA.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Malatesta V, Roberti G. Photocytotoxicity of anthracyclines upon laser excitation in their long-wavelength absorption bands. Radiat Res 1991; 127:24-9. [PMID: 2068268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Newly synthesized daunomycin derivatives with red-shifted absorption compared to the parent molecule are shown to be able to photosensitize cells in vitro upon excitation with either argon or argon-pumped dye laser. Administering 86 J/cm2 total fluence (1 h irradiation) to Fisher rat thyroid cells during 2 h incubation with either daunomycin (excitation wavelength: 488 nm) or 5-iminodaunomycin (595 nm) produced cell killing at doses (about 2.7 X 10(-7) M for 50% cell survival) which were not toxic if administered in the dark. Greater photocytotoxicity (about 7 X 10(-8) M for 50% cell survival) was obtained with 4-demethoxydaunomycin as well as with its 6- and 11-amino derivatives (514 nm) while no cell killing as a result of photosensitization was observed for either Adriamycin or its 4'-iodo derivative. Our results suggest that the photosensitizing efficacy correlates with the absence of the methoxy group in the anthraquinone chromophore but is rather independent of the occurrence of triplet-mediated photoreactions. Finally, the fact that the imino- or amino-substituted 4-demethoxy compounds exhibit red-shifted absorption spectra compared to the parent molecule might be exploited for in vivo applications of the photoactivated cytotoxicity reported in this work.
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Andreoni A, Colasanti A, Malatesta V, Riccio P, Roberti G. Enhancement of antitumor drug cytotoxicity via laser photoactivation. Photochem Photobiol 1991; 53:797-805. [PMID: 1886938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb09894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the efficacy of daunomycin, some imino- and amino-substituted daunomycin analogues and the disubstituted aminoanthracenedione, mitoxantrone, in photosensitizing short-term cell kill upon irradiation in the long wavelength visible range, during incubation of Fisher rat thyroid cells with the drugs. While all compounds exhibit similar cytocidal effects on our cell line, in the absence of irradiation, administering 86 J/cm2 at wavelengths either coincident or close to drug absorption peaks causes greater enhancement in cell mortality for the 4-demethoxydaunomycin analogues than either the parent drug or its 5-imino-derivative. A lower enhancement is observed with mitoxantrone. In particular, C50 doses (i.e. concentrations that would kill 50% cells) as low as approximately 10(-9) M are found for both 6- and 11-amino 4-demethoxydaunomycin, compared with the values obtained in the absence of light, which are 2.59 x 10(-4) and 0.43 x 10(-4) M, respectively. Our previous studies of the photophysical and photochemical properties of the excited states of these drugs, and ESR and spin trapping studies of photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen, which were extended in this work to include mitoxantrone, indicate that the cytocidal effects proceed via type I rather than type II mechanisms.
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Bosone G, Reccia R, Roberti G, Russo P. Frequency distribution of the time interval between quick phase nystagmic eye movements. Ophthalmic Res 1990; 22:178-82. [PMID: 2385433 DOI: 10.1159/000267020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We measured the frequency distribution of the time interval between quick phases of nystagmic eye movements in 8 patients with congenital nystagmus. For each patient we recorded a 3- to 4-second long electro-oculographic (EOG) signal, repeating each session 22 times. The period of the nystagmic cycles was computed for each record, by evaluating the peak frequency of the nystagmic oscillations via spectral analysis of the EOGs. This period is a measure of the time interval between quick phases. Its distribution ranged between 100 and 600 ms and peaked at about 240 +/- 50 ms, with a gaussian shape for values less than about 300 ms. Our measurements were considered as providing the distribution of intersaccadic latencies in normal humans.
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