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Beck JC, Hosick HL. Growth of mouse mammary epithelium in response to serum-free media conditioned by mammary adipose tissue. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 1988; 12:85-97. [PMID: 3396081 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(88)90122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal mouse mammary epithelial cells, isolated from female Balb/c mice, were cultured as multicellular organoids either on or within collagen gel matrices. Cultures were maintained in either serum-free control medium or the same medium conditioned by mammary adipose tissue. A significant proliferative response above that observed in control cultures (2.5-3.5 fold increase) was induced by conditioned medium derived from either mammary fat-pad explants or isolated adipocytes. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed epithelial morphology to be preserved in a more in vivo-like state in the conditioned medium. We conclude that diffusible factors derived from the mouse mammary fat pad influence the proliferative activity and morphology of mammary epithelial cells in culture.
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Morimoto J, Imai S, Taniguchi Y, Tsubura Y, Hosick HL. Establishment and characterization of a new murine mammary tumor cell line, BALB/c-MC. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1987; 23:755-8. [PMID: 3680103 DOI: 10.1007/bf02623676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new murine mammary tumor cell line (BALB/c-MC) was established from a spontaneous mammary tumor in a 17-mo.-old female mouse of the low mammary cancer strain BALB/cHe. The cell line was derived from a papillary adenocarcinoma. In monolayer culture the line exhibits a pavementlike arrangement of cells and forms "domes" or "hemicysts" as the cells become confluent. The cell line rapidly forms tumors when transplanted into young syngeneic BALB/cHe mice. The subcutaneous injection of 10(6) cells resulted in the development of mammary tumors (typical papillary adenocarcinomas) in 33 of 37 (87%) recipients within 2 to 3 mo. after injection. These mammary tumors also metastasize to lung [14 of 33 (42%) of recipients] during this time. The number of chromosomes in this cell line is hyperdiploid (average of 43, range 39 to 44).
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Choogkittaworn N, Hosick HL, Jones W. In vitro replication potential of serially passaged mammary parenchyma from mice with different reproductive histories. Mech Ageing Dev 1987; 39:147-75. [PMID: 3626639 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(87)90006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth properties of multicellular units (organoids) of mouse mammary parenchyma have been analyzed. These intact units grew differently in collagen-matrix cultures than did dispersed cells prepared from them. The latter actively migrated in the collagen matrix and reorganized themselves into multicellular structures before producing three-dimensional protuberances in gel. Terminal unit (end-bud/alveoli)-enriched fractions grew more extensively than did ducts, as predicted from growth patterns in vivo. To assess the growth potential and the relationships between replication history in vivo and replication potential in vitro in mammary parenchyma, intact terminal units from mammary glands of mice of different ages and with different reproductive histories were isolated and their growth characteristics compared. Terminal-unit organoids were cultured in collagen gel matrix and passaged weekly for up to 5 weeks. Morphology, growth rates, and growth fractions were compared among organoids from young virgin, old virgin, monoparous, and multiparous mice. Morphologies observed in various passages of organoids from the groups of mice were similar. Organoids from old virgin and multiparous mice declined in growth rate for four passages and then growth rate increased again during the fifth passage. (However, fifth-passage organoids failed to form tumors if implanted in syngeneic mice in vivo.) Growth of organoids from either old or young virgin mice was less at any given passage than tissue from multiparous mice of similar age. Growth fractions of organoids from old parous mice were the same as those from old virgin mice but reached the same maximum fraction faster. Later passage organoids from the different mouse groups responded morphologically to the hormone combination of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and cortisone but not respond to cholera toxin. These results suggest that an animal's hormonal history (altered profoundly by pregnancy and lactation) may be as important as chronological age in determining subsequent growth potentials of mammary epithelium.
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Elstad CA, Hosick HL. Contribution of the extracellular matrix to growth properties of cells from a preneoplastic outgrowth: possible role of hyaluronic acid. EXPERIMENTAL CELL BIOLOGY 1987; 55:313-21. [PMID: 3450547 DOI: 10.1159/000163434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) accumulates around actively growing normal and tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and has been implicated as a modulator of cell proliferation. We have tested the role of exogenous HA presented in several different forms in in vitro growth regulation of a cell line (CL-S1) derived from preneoplastic mouse mammary tissue. This cell line grows slowly and synthesizes very little HA. We first assessed growth of CL-S1 cells seeded onto actual matrix generated by CL-S1 cells themselves (which has a low HA content) or by a related tumorigenic cell line, +SA, that generates an HA-rich matrix. Growth on both these HA-containing substrata was significantly enhanced above control values on plastic. Growth on the +SA biomatrix was over 5 times greater than on tissue culture plastic and significantly greater than that seen with all other treatments. Differences in growth responses of CL-S1 cells seeded atop CL-S1- and +SA-derived matrices could be attributable to differences in matrix HA content. As a more direct test of this possibility, growth responses of CL-S1 cells to HA covalently bonded to tissue culture dishes and to HA dissolved in culture media were tested. Growth on the prepared HA substrata was consistently twice that on plastic. In soluble form, HA at a concentration of 100 micrograms HA/ml culture medium, stimulated CL-S1 growth 196 and 125% of control in monolayer cultures, respectively, seeded at low (approximately equal to 10(2) viable cells/cm2) and high (approximately equal to 10(4) viable cells/cm2) densities on plastic. Higher HA concentrations inhibited growth at low seeding densities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Jones W, Hosick HL. Collagen concentration as a significant variable for growth and morphology of mouse mammary parenchyma in collagen matrix culture. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 1986; 10:277-86. [PMID: 3708702 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(86)90075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organoids of mouse mammary epithelium were established in culture either upon or within collagen matrices of various concentrations. Growth and tubule morphogenesis within the matrices were dependent upon the concentration of collagen, both being maximal in gels composed of 2 mg collagen/ml gel. Growth was more extensive in cultures established in gel than on gel especially at intermediate concentrations of collagen, with cell growth on gel seemingly independent of collagen concentration. Our results demonstrate that local collagen concentration can significantly affect epithelial cell growth and morphology.
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Carrington CA, Hosick HL. Effects of dietary fat on the growth of normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Sci 1985; 75:269-78. [PMID: 4044677 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.75.1.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine: (1) whether there is a growth-regulating interaction between the mammary fat pad and mammary epithelium; (2) whether this interaction could be modified by dietary fats; and (3) whether these effects could be demonstrated in vitro, the following experiments were performed. Virgin Balb/c mice had the left inguinal mammary fat pad cleared of epithelium and were then maintained on one of four fully defined diets. These diets contained the following proportions of fat by weight: 5% or 10% mixed fats; 20% saturated fat plus cholesterol; or 20% polyunsaturated fat. To test for effects in vivo, animals received subcutaneous injections into the cleared fat pad of tumorigenic mammary cells (WAZ-2T(+SA) or WAZ-2T(-SA)) or preneoplastic mammary cells (CL-S1). Dietary fat had little effect on the latent period of tumour formation, but a low-fat diet increased the invasive/metastatic potential of both tumorigenic cell lines. A high-saturated-fat diet inhibited the growth of normal and preneoplastic epithelium in vivo. To test for effects in vitro, CL-S1 cells were co-cultured with explants of cleared mammary fat pad embedded within collagen gels. CL-S1 cells co-cultured with adipose explants obtained from mice fed on a diet containing 20% polyunsaturated fat showed a threefold increase in incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. These results imply that dietary fats may affect the growth of mammary epithelium in two ways: the inhibition of growth caused by the high-saturated-fat diet may be due to systemic effects as it was not apparent in vitro; the increase in growth seen in vitro and caused by a high-polyunsaturated-fat diet is due to a direct interaction between the mammary fat pad and mammary epithelial cells. This interaction may be masked by systemic effects in vivo.
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Starkey JR, Liggitt HD, Jones W, Hosick HL. Influence of migratory blood cells on the attachment of tumor cells to vascular endothelium. Int J Cancer 1984; 34:535-43. [PMID: 6490205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910340417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of migratory blood cells in association with tumor emboli had the capacity to alter the attachment of tumor cells to vascular endothelium. Highly metastatic RT7-4bs rat hepatocarcinoma cells were labelled with [125I]UdR before being allowed to form mixed cellular spheroids incorporating resident peritoneal macrophages, activated peritoneal macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, splenic T lymphocytes, or splenic B lymphocytes derived from both normal and tumor-bearing animals. The presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or activated macrophages led to a considerable increase in the number of tumor cells attaching to endothelial cell monolayers in vitro. The presence of T or B lymphocytes from either normal or tumor-bearing rats was without effect on tumor attachment to endothelium. Increased tumor cell retention in the lungs was evident for mixed spheroids containing tumor cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes compared to homotypic tumor spheroids composed of tumor cells alone. Furthermore, preinjection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes intravascularly or inoculation of tumor cells as heterotypic spheroids containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased lung colony formation over that obtained after inoculation of tumor cells alone. Several simple sugars were tested for their ability to block tumor cell, polymorphonuclear leukocyte or activated macrophage binding to endothelium in vitro. The results indicate that the glycosylated cell surface components mediating tumor cell attachment to endothelium are not identical with those mediating attachment of either polymorphonuclear leukocytes or activated macrophages. Medium conditioned during mixed spheroid formation was without effect on tumor cell attachment to endothelium. We conclude that the presence of some, but not all classes of leukocytes can modulate tumor cell attachment to vascular endothelium, an effect most likely mediated by a mechanism involving direct contact between the leukocytes and the endothelial cell monolayer.
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Starkey JR, Hosick HL, Stanford DR, Liggitt HD. Interaction of metastatic tumor cells with bovine lens capsule basement membrane. Cancer Res 1984; 44:1585-94. [PMID: 6704969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of bovine lens capsule basement membrane as a model substratum for studies of invasion and extravasation by metastatic tumor cells is described. The abilities of three independently isolated pairs of metastatic variant cell lines to digest the purified substrates, laminin, type IV collagen, and type I collagen, were compared with their abilities to solubilize isotope from 125I-labeled lens capsule basement membrane matrix. The cell lines used were +SA and -SA mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells, RT7-4bs and RT7-4b-Ls rat hepatocarcinoma cells, and B16-F1 and B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. In general, imperfect correlations of lytic activity with metastatic ability were found for the purified substrate digestions, but, for each pair of variants, the more metastatic tumor cell line was always able to solubilize more surface-bound isotope from the lens capsule. Visual evidence of tumor cell-associated digestion of lens capsule basement membrane was obtained using transmission electron microscopy. Mouse mammary carcinoma cells attached more rapidly to lens capsule than to endothelial cell monolayers or tissue culture plastic. We next added endothelial cells to the model substrate. Aortic endothelial cells grew well on lens capsules without apparent synthesis of additional basement membrane matrix. In additional studies, the lens capsule was used in a chamber apparatus to demonstrate that cellular invasion of the full thickness of this basement membrane structure could be demonstrated and readily quantitated. Our results indicate that bovine lens capsule is a particularly versatile basement membrane structure useful for studies of tumor cell invasion and extravasation. In addition, the comparison of purified substrate digestions with lens capsule matrix digestion indicates the desirability of also using a matrix digest when correlating lytic abilities of tumor cells with their metastatic abilities.
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Carrington CA, Hosick HL, Forsyth IA, Dils R. Milk-fat synthesis by lobules prepared from rabbit mammary gland: response to insulin, corticosterone, prolactin and progesterone. J Endocrinol 1983; 97:157-66. [PMID: 6343542 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0970157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-alveolar mammary structures (mammary lobules) were prepared from mammary glands of pseudopregnant rabbits by controlled digestion with collagenase and hyaluronidase. The overall rate of fatty acid synthesis and the proportion of milk-specific fatty acids (C8:0 and C10:0) synthesized by these lobules when cultured with insulin, corticosterone and prolactin were measured. Maximum response to physiological concentrations of prolactin (1.1 or 2.2 nmol/l) occurred in the presence of insulin (1.7 mumol/l) and corticosterone (0.58 mumol/l). In general, the results obtained on the effect of progesterone were negative. Though explants showed a ninefold greater response to prolactin per mg DNA than did mammary lobules, the latter have the advantage of being easily prepared for culture in large numbers. Reduction to below 500 microns diameter and culture in conditions which allow cell outgrowth onto plastic limited their response to prolactin. The probable roles of membrane damage by digesting enzymes and of tissue architecture in limiting prolactin response are discussed.
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Hosick HL, Carrington CA, Angello JC, Zamora PO. Growth of cells in culture treated with the soluble component of volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens. Toxicol Lett 1982; 14:137-41. [PMID: 6926312 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(82)90042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic ash was collected immediately after the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. This ash was extracted with water. The elemental composition of the extracted portion was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The aqueous extract was applied at high concentrations (up to 37.5 micrograms/ml) to non-confluent mixed cultures of mouse lung cells. Even after treatment for up to 10 days, cell number was typically unaffected by the ash extract. Cell viability was also unaltered, and no grossly observable changes were noted in the cells by light microscopy. We conclude that the water-soluble portion of the ash we tested does not markedly affect growth of the cells most at risk, those of the lung.
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Angello JC, Hosick HL, Anderson LW. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by a cell line (C1-S1) established from a preneoplastic mouse mammary outgrowth. Cancer Res 1982; 42:4975-8. [PMID: 7139602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the synthesis of several types of glycosaminoglycans by a line of mouse mammary epithelial cells (C1-S1) established from a hyperplastic nodule outgrowth. These epithelioid cells do not grow readily in vivo. Subconfluent monolayer cultures of C1-S1 cells produced more hyaluronic acid than heparan sulfate, but the opposite was true in confluent cultures. At saturation density in culture, the cell surface glycosaminoglycan of C1-S1 cells was approximately 80% heparan sulfate. For comparison, data are also reported on two related tumorigenic sublines (+SA and -SA) established from a spontaneous tumor in a hyperplastic outgrowth. These cells produced mostly hyaluronic acid even when confluent. Furthermore, the net rate of hyaluronic acid synthesis was higher in the more aggressive tumor cells (+SA). The data are consistent with the interpretation that a hyaluronic acid-rich, heparan sulfate-poor environment is associated with the growth of mammary epithelial cells and conversely that a heparan sulfate-rich environment may restrict growth. The glycosaminoglycan environment may thus contribute to growth modulation in vivo.
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Cline PR, Zamora PO, Hosick HL. Morphology and lactose synthesis in tissue culture of mammary alveoli isolated from lactating mice. IN VITRO 1982; 18:694-702. [PMID: 7129483 DOI: 10.1007/bf02796424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells from lactating mice synthesize and secrete lactose in culture and retain many features of their in vivo morphology if mammary glands are only partially dissociated to alveoli, rather than completely dissociated to single cells. After 5 d in culture lactose synthesis by alveoli cultured on floating collagen gels is 10 to 20 times higher than in cultures of single cells on floating collagen gels. Moreover, mammary alveoli in culture retain sensitivity to lactogenic hormones; the synthesis of lactose by alveoli depends on the continued presence of insulin and either hydrocortisone or prolactin. In addition, within alveoli the original juxtaposition of constituent epithelial cells is retained, and cells are cuboidal and have many microvilli and fat droplets. In contrast, alveoli on attached gels flatten and lose their secretory morphology. These results indicate that the shape of the cells, presence of lactogenic hormones, and maintenance of epithelial:epithelial cell contacts are required for maintenance of mammary epithelial cell differentiation in culture.
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Angello JC, Danielson KG, Anderson LW, Hosick HL. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by subpopulations of epithelial cells from a mammary adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1982; 42:2207-10. [PMID: 7074601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by two subpopulations of a mouse mammary tumor cell line was compared. The two sublines express distinctly different growth characteristics in vitro and in vivo which indicate differences in growth regulation. Newly made glycosaminoglycans were recovered from the culture media, the cell surfaces, and residual cellular material. The cell population which grows more aggressively in vivo (+SA subline, a subline that grows in soft agarose) incorporated about 8 times more [14C]glucosamine per cell into total glycosaminoglycans than did the slower-growing population (-SA subline, which does not grow in soft agarose). Appropriate control experiments indicated that the apparent difference in rates of synthesis was not due to discrepancies in glucosamine uptake. The main residual cellular molecule labeled was heparan sulfate, but the predominant molecule at the cell surface and in the culture fluid was hyaluronic acid. Overall, +SA cells synthesized more hyaluronic acid and -SA cells synthesized more heparan sulfate; in both cell populations, these two molecules accounted for about 90% of total glycosaminoglycans produced.
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Anderson LW, Danielson KG, Hosick HL. Metastatic potential of hyperplastic alveolar nodule derived mouse mammary tumor cells following intravenous inoculation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1981; 17:1001-8. [PMID: 7198982 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5379(81)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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41
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Carrington CA, Hosick HL, Forsyth IA, Dils RR. Novel multialveolar epithelial structures from rabbit mammary gland that synthesize milk specific fatty acids in response to prolactin. IN VITRO 1981; 17:363-8. [PMID: 6265343 DOI: 10.1007/bf02626733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multialveolar mammary epithelial structures have been prepared from rabbit mammary gland by treating the tissue with collagenase plus hyaluronidase. These structures synthesize milk specific fatty acids when cultured with physiological concentrations (0.5 micrograms/ml) of prolactin in the presence of insulin and corticosterone. They have many of the advantages but few of the disadvantages of either mammary explants or primary cells in culture. For example, they are easily prepared in large numbers and respond to prolactin in culture even in the absence of serum or other tissue extracts. Because their level of organization is intermediate between that of explants and single cells, they provide a complementary system for studies on mammary differentiation.
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42
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Zamora PO, Danielson KG, Hosick HL. Invasion of endothelial cell monolayers on collagen gels by cells from mammary tumor spheroids. Cancer Res 1980; 40:4631-9. [PMID: 7438097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of multicellular mammary tumor spheroids (MTS) were allowed to interact with confluent monolayers of endothelial cells cultured on top of collagen gels. A number of early and late interactions between MTS and endothelial cell monolayers occurred. The early phase was characterized by the attachment of MTS to the culture and retraction of endothelial cells near the attached spheroid. Only these early interactions were observed up to 8 hr after addition of the MTS. Thereafter, cells from MTS migrated away from the spheroids. The late phase was characterized by cells of the MTS spreading on top of the collagen gel, moving underneath the edges of the endothelial cells, extending as cords of cells on top of the endothelium, and invading into the collagen matrix. During both the early and late phases, cells from the MTS were distinguished from the endothelial cells by the intense staining of tumor cells with Giemsa and the presence of microvilli found only on tumor cells. Attached MTS, which were noted at 2 hr after addition (the earliest time examined), increased in number for up to 12 hr. Polyionic compounds known to affect cell surface charge were found to reduce the numbers of attached MTS. The results demonstrate that the system described in this study can provide a useful model for analyzing the mechanisms of tumor embolus interaction with blood vessel walls.
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Danielson KG, Anderson LW, Hosick HL. Selection and characterization in culture of mammary tumor cells with distinctive growth properties in vivo. Cancer Res 1980; 40:1812-9. [PMID: 7371012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Anderson LW, Danielson KG, Hosick HL. New cell line. Epithelial cell line and subline established from premalignant mouse mammary tissue. IN VITRO 1979; 15:841-3. [PMID: 232056 DOI: 10.1007/bf02618037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cell line and subline with epithelial characteristics were established from mouse mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN). The cells do not grow in suspension cultures in vitro or form tumors in vivo. The cells do produce significant amounts of C-type and A-type virus and low amounts of plasminogen activator.
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Hosick HL. Uptake and utilization of free fatty acids supplied by liposomes to mammary tumor cells in culture. Exp Cell Res 1979; 122:127-36. [PMID: 477752 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Baumann KR, Hosick HL. Replication of mouse mammary tumor cells in monolayer cultures stimulated with embryo extract. EXPERIMENTAL CELL BIOLOGY 1978; 46:325-37. [PMID: 700243 DOI: 10.1159/000162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A particulate fraction derived from homogenized chicken embryos was added to primary monolayer cultures of mouse mammary tumor cells. All culture media contained fetal calf serum (10%). After 4 days, the extract had stimulated a twofold increase (relative to controls lacking the extract) in (1) total DNA per culture; (2) the rate of incorporation of labeled DNA precursors; (3) epithelial cell number, and (4) total protein. This integrated growth activity is discussed in terms of the nature and exogenous regulation of neoplastic growth.
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Starkey JR, Hosick HL. Clonal behavior of a rat liver cell line and its modification by repeated treatments with a carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977; 59:859-66. [PMID: 408504 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/59.3.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A rat liver cell line, Lew A1, was isolated from W/LEW rats. It had the normal female karyotype in the lower passage numbers, but in the higher passages it was aneuploid. This line was passaged 65 times, produced rat serum albumin, and consisted of an apparently homogeneous population of typical epithelial cells. The cells also had high levels of the inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme complex. A series of experiments described here defined the normal clonal behavior of this line and its modification by repeated treatments with a carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The results were discussed with particular reference to metastasis, preneoplastic changes, and neoplastic progression.
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48
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Hosick HL. Spontaneous cell loss during growth of postconfluent primary cultures from mammary adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 1976; 36:3126-30. [PMID: 987849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth properties of cells cultured from primary mammary tumors of C3H mice have been analyzed. Cells were seeded at 2 different densities (1 X 10(5) and 5 X 10(5)/sq cm) and were supported with a culture fluid containing 10% fetal calf serum and 5 mug insulin per ml. Mitosis continued after confluence was achieved, but cells did not accumulated in the monolayer; rather, certain cells were released into the culture fluid. Very few cells detached in this way from subconfluent cultures. Relased cells multiplied vigorously if replated. The release of these cells was strongly depressed by adrenal steroids, but other manipulations of culture conditions (hormones, culture substratum) influenced the release process much less. Analyses of release kinetics and observations of detachment with the scanning electron microscope suggested that tumor cells that became spheroid (including mitotic cells), and hence partly detached from the culture dish, were unable to reflatten into the monolayer because neighboring nonmitotic cells had spread onto the vacated culture surface. Eventually, such rounded cells apparently lost altogether their attachment to the culture dish. The release process may be related to the "critical phase" transition and to the sarcomatous transformation observed in long-term cultures from mouse epithelial tumors. The event could also reflect the tendency in vivo for cells of mammary tumors to slough into the lymphatics and blood vessels.
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Hosick HL. Hydrocortisone inhibits the spontaneous detachment of viable mammary tumor cells from monolayer cultures. Cancer Lett 1976; 1:211-4. [PMID: 1035128 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(75)96903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary mammary adenocarcinomas of C3H mice were dissociated to single cells. These cells were seeded at a density of 5 x 10(5)/cm2 substrate area and were grown as monolayers for 36 days in high-serum medium supplemented with insulin. Cultures became confluent within a few days and confluence was maintained throughout the culture period. Viable cells (representing amitotic cell population) were released spontaneously from the confluent monolayer and could be harvested from the culture fluid. The rate of cell release declined after about 30 days, apparently due to mitotic pool depletion. Release of cells from the monolayer was strongly depressed in medium containing hydrocortisone. The cell release event and its alteration by hydrocortisone can be interpreted as reflecting the propensity towards shedding of cells from these tumors in vivo and the alteration of metastatic incidence by adrenal steroids.
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Hosick HL, Nandi S. Plating and maintenance of epithelial tumor cells in primary culture: interacting roles of serum and insulin. Exp Cell Res 1974; 84:419-25. [PMID: 4817730 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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