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Bassim CW, Fassil H, Mays JW, Edwards D, Baird K, Steinberg SM, Cowen EW, Naik H, Datiles M, Stratton P, Gress RE, Pavletic SZ. Oral disease profiles in chronic graft versus host disease. J Dent Res 2015; 94:547-54. [PMID: 25740857 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515570942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At least half of patients with chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD), the leading cause of morbidity and non-relapse mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, have oral manifestations: mucosal lesions, salivary dysfunction, and limited mouth-opening. cGVHD may manifest in a single organ or affect multiple organ systems, including the mouth, eyes, and the skin. The interrelationship of the 3 oral manifestations of cGVHD with each other and with the specific manifestations of extraoral cGVHD has not been studied. In this analysis, we explored, in a large group of patients with cGVHD, the potential associations between: (1) oral mucosal disease and erythematous skin disease, (2) salivary gland dysfunction and lacrimal gland dysfunction, and (3) limited mouth-opening and sclerotic skin cGVHD. Study participants, enrolled in a cGVHD Natural History Protocol (NCT00331968, n = 212), underwent an oral examination evaluating: (1) mucosal cGVHD [NIH Oral Mucosal Score (OMS)], (2) salivary dysfunction (saliva flow and xerostomia), and (3) maximum mouth-opening measurement. Parameters for dysfunction (OMS > 2, saliva flow ≤ 1 mL/5 min, mouth-opening ≤ 35 mm) were analyzed for association with skin cGVHD involvement (erythema and sclerosis, skin symptoms), lacrimal dysfunction (Schirmer's tear test, xerophthalmia), Lee cGVHD Symptom Scores, and NIH organ scores. Oral mucosal disease (31% prevalence) was associated with skin erythema (P < 0.001); salivary dysfunction (11% prevalence) was associated with lacrimal dysfunction (P = 0.010) and xerostomia with xerophthalmia (r = 0.32, P = 0.001); and limited mouth-opening (17% prevalence) was associated with skin sclerosis (P = 0.008) and skin symptoms (P = 0.001). There was no association found among these 3 oral cGVHD manifestations. This analysis supports the understanding of oral cGVHD as 3 distinct diseases: mucosal lesions, salivary gland dysfunction, and mouth sclerosis. Clear classification of oral cGVHD as 3 separate manifestations will improve clinical diagnosis, observational research data collection, and the definitions of outcome measures in clinical trials.
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Brancaleoni V, Balwani M, Granata F, Graziadei G, Missineo P, Fiorentino V, Fustinoni S, Cappellini MD, Naik H, Desnick RJ, Di Pierro E. X-chromosomal inactivation directly influences the phenotypic manifestation of X-linked protoporphyria. Clin Genet 2015; 89:20-6. [PMID: 25615817 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-linked protoporphyria (XLP), a rare erythropoietic porphyria, results from terminal exon gain-of-function mutations in the ALAS2 gene causing increased ALAS2 activity and markedly increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. Patients present with severe cutaneous photosensitivity and may develop liver dysfunction. XLP was originally reported as X-linked dominant with 100% penetrance in males and females. We characterized 11 heterozygous females from six unrelated XLP families and show markedly varying phenotypic and biochemical heterogeneity, reflecting the degree of X-chromosomal inactivation of the mutant gene. ALAS2 sequencing identified the specific mutation and confirmed heterozygosity among the females. Clinical history, plasma and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels were determined. Methylation assays of the androgen receptor and zinc-finger MYM type 3 short tandem repeat polymorphisms estimated each heterozygotes X-chromosomal inactivation pattern. Heterozygotes with equal or increased skewing, favoring expression of the wild-type allele had no clinical symptoms and only slightly increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations and/or frequency of protoporphyrin-containing peripheral blood fluorocytes. When the wild-type allele was preferentially inactivated, heterozygous females manifested the disease phenotype and had both higher erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels and circulating fluorocytes. These findings confirm that the previous dominant classification of XLP is inappropriate and genetically misleading, as the disorder is more appropriately designated XLP.
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Crasta R, Naik H, Suryanarayana S, Sanjeev G, Prajapati P, Kumar M, Nathaniel T, Nimje V, Mittal K, Goswami A. Photo-neutron cross-section of 96Zr using bremsstrahlung radiation with end point energies of 10 and 12.5 MeV. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2014-2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 96Zr(γ, n)95Zr reaction cross-section was experimentally determined at end point bremsstrahlung
energies of 10 and 12.5 MeV using off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The cross-section increases sharply from
the end point energy of 10 to 12.5 MeV, which indicates the role of excitation energy. The reaction cross-section as
a function of photon energy was also calculated theoretically using the TALYS 1.2 computer code. The flux weighted average value of the
96Zr(γ, n)95Zr reaction cross-section for the end-point bremsstrahlung energies of 10 and
12.5 MeV was also calculated using the experimental and theoretical data of mono-energetic photons to compare with the
present data. The cross-section given in the present work at end- point bremsstrahlung energy of 10 MeV is closer to the
flux-weighted value of TALYS but higher than the literature data. On the other hand, at 12.5 MeV, it is higher than the
flux weighted value of TALYS and the literature data.
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Mulik V, Surayanarayana S, Naik H, Mukerji S, Shivashankar B, Prajapati P, Dhole S, Bhoraskar V, Ganesan S, Goswami A. Measurement of the neutron capture cross-section of 238U at neutron energies of 5.9±0.5 and 15.5±0.7MeV by using the neutron activation technique. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Naik H, Shivashankar BS, Raj Prakash HG, Raj D, Sanjeev G, Karunakara N, Somashekarappa HM, Ganesan S, Kim GN, Goswami A. Measurements of fission yield in 8 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of 232Th and 238U. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Crasta R, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV, Ganesh S, Prajapati PM, Kumar M, Nathaniel TN, Nimje VT, Mittal KC, Goswami A. Measurement of bremsstrahlung-induced reaction cross-section for 93Nb using electron Linac. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Cross sections for (γ, n) reaction at bremsstrahlung end point energies of 10 and 12.5MeV on niobium have been measured by the activation technique. Induced activities were measured by a high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Theoretically the (γ, n) cross-section of 93Nb as a function of photon energies were also calculated using TALYS 1.4 computer code. We compared the measured data with the flux weighted average values from the available literature data based on experiments with mono-energetic photons and the theoretical calculation by the model code TALYS 1.4. The experimental values are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical value from TALYS 1.4 but are slightly higher than the flux-weighted values from mono-energetic photons
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Narvenkar G, Naqvi SWA, Kurian S, Shenoy DM, Pratihary AK, Naik H, Patil S, Sarkar A, Gauns M. Dissolved methane in Indian freshwater reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:6989-6999. [PMID: 23397538 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emission of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, from tropical reservoirs is of interest because such reservoirs experience conducive conditions for CH4 production through anaerobic microbial activities. It has been suggested that Indian reservoirs have the potential to emit as much as 33.5 MT of CH4 per annum to the atmosphere. However, this estimate is based on assumptions rather than actual measurements. We present here the first data on dissolved CH4 concentrations from eight freshwater reservoirs in India, most of which experience seasonal anaerobic conditions and CH4 buildup in the hypolimnia. However, strong stratification prevents the CH4-rich subsurface layers to ventilate CH4 directly to the atmosphere, and surface water CH4 concentrations in these reservoirs are generally quite low (0.0028-0.305 μM). Moreover, only in two small reservoirs substantial CH4 accumulation occurred at depths shallower than the level where water is used for power generation and irrigation, and in the only case where measurements were made in the outflowing water, CH4 concentrations were quite low. In conjunction with short periods of CH4 accumulation and generally lower concentrations than previously assumed, our study implies that CH4 emission from Indian reservoirs has been greatly overestimated.
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Mulik VK, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV, Dhole SD, Prajapati PM, Shivashankar BS, Jagadeesan KC, Thakre SV, Bhoraskar VN, Goswami A. Measurement of 56Fe(n, p)56Mn reaction cross-section at E n = 5.9, 9.85, 14.8 and 15.5 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crasta R, Naik H, Suryanarayana S, Shivashankar B, Mulik V, Prajapati P, Sanjeev G, Sharma S, Bhagwat P, Mohanty A, Ganesan S, Goswami A. Measurement of the 232Th(n,γ)233Th and 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 8.04±0.30 and 11.90±0.35MeV. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shivashankar BS, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV, Prajapati PM, Mulik VK, Jagadeesan KC, Thakare SV, Goswami A, Ganesan S. Measurement of reaction cross-sections for 64Ni(n, γ) 65Ni at E n = 0.025 eV and 58Ni(n, p) 58Co at E n = 3.7 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tiwary PK, Kar HK, Sharma PK, Gautam RK, Arora TC, Naik H, Dhir V. Epidemiological trends of leprosy in an urban leprosy centre of Delhi: a retrospective study of 16 years. INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEPROSY 2011; 83:201-208. [PMID: 22783754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was done by collecting the retrospective data from 1994 to 2009 of patients attending the urban leprosy centre attached to the department of dermatology, STD & leprosy of PGIMER & Dr. R M L Hospital, New Delhi. The data was analysed according to age, sex, type of leprosy, leprosy reactions, deformities and relapse and compared with the national figures by comparison of proportions after taking the national data per 10,000 population. A total of 3659 patients attended our ULC (Urban Leprosy Centre) among which 2741 were male and 945 females (M:F-3:1). 669 patients (18.2%) were children. The data analysed show a gradual decline in new case detection rate with a marginal rise in 2005 and 2008. Percentage of MB cases was falling consistently till 2005 after which it showed an abrupt rise. The incidence of type 1 reaction varied from 21% in 1994 to 10% in 2009 in PB patients and from 6% in 1994 to 8% in 2009 in MB patients. The trend of type 2 reactions in MB patients showed a slow declining trend. MDT completion rate showed an impressive improvement from 56% in 1994 to 90% in 2009. The number of patients revisiting the ULC with features of relapse also showed a decrease in number. The pattern of visible deformities showed an almost constant trend similar to national figures. Improved MDT completion rate helps in reducing the disease transmission, severity, reactions and disabilities.
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Naik H, Sant VL, Suryanarayana SV, Prajapati PM, Newton Nathaniel T. Determination of trace impurities of chlorine in zirconium-alloy matrices using neutron activation technique. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Trace impurities of chlorine in the zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5% Nb alloy matrix have been determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The results have been compared with the values obtained from pyrohydrolysis-IC and spark source mass spectrometric method. The limit of internal precision error from the neutron activation technique is 6.7% for zircolloy-2 and 9% for Zr-2.5% Nb alloy, which are lower than that of pyrohydrolysis-IC and spark source mass spectrometric measurements respectively. For both alloys the results from present work based on NAA technique are slightly higher than the results based on the other two methods but are comparable within the uncertainty.
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Naik H, Renuka M, Chaudhury S. Low level Pu and Am estimation in liquid waste from nuclear reactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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64
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Kim KS, Rahman MDS, Lee M, Kim G, Khue PD, Do NV, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W, Naik H, Ro TI. Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for 93Nb(γ,4n)89m,gNb and natMo(γ,xn1p)95m,gNb reactions with 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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65
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Naik H, Singh RJ, Iyer RH. Fission fragment angular momentum in the spontaneous fission of 244Cm. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.1.1.25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Independent isomeric yield ratios (IYR) of 128Sb, 130Sb, 132Sb, 131Te, 133Te, 132I, 134I, 135Xe and 138Cs have been determined in the spontaneous fission of 244Cm using off-line gamma ray spectrometric technique. From the IYR, fragment angular momenta (J
rms) have been deduced using spin dependent statistical model analysis. It was observed that: (i) J
rms of fragments having spherical 82n shell and even-Z products are lower than the fragments away from spherical neutron shell and odd-Z products which indicates the effect of nuclear structure. (ii) The yield-weighted average angular momentum shows an inverse correlation with the elemental yield which indicate coupling between collective and intrinsic degrees of freedom. (iii) Comparison of the present data in 244Cm(SF) with similar data for 245Cm(n
th, f) shows comparable odd-even effect on fragment angular momentum in both fissioning systems inspite of higher odd-even effect on elemental yield in the former compared to latter. This may be due to the linear correlation of J
rms with deformation parameter and thus with deformation energy unlike the exponential dependence of the proton odd-even effect on intrinsic excitation energy.
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Datta T, Dange SP, Naik H. Single nucleon transfer reactions near Coulomb barrier on 197Au. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-005-0872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Naqvi SW, Jayakumar DA, Narvekar PV, Naik H, Sarma VV, D'Souza W, Joseph S, George MD. Increased marine production of N2O due to intensifying anoxia on the Indian continental shelf. Nature 2000; 408:346-9. [PMID: 11099038 DOI: 10.1038/35042551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eutrophication of surface waters and hypoxia in bottom waters has been increasing in many coastal areas, leading to very large depletions of marine life in the affected regions. These areas of high surface productivity and low bottom-water oxygen concentration are caused by increasing runoff of nutrients from land. Although the local ecological and socio-economic effects have received much attention, the potential contribution of increasing hypoxia to global-change phenomena is unknown. Here we report the intensification of one of the largest low-oxygen zones in the ocean, which develops naturally over the western Indian continental shelf during late summer and autumn. We also report the highest accumulations yet observed of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in open coastal waters. Increased N2O production is probably caused by the addition of anthropogenic nitrate and its subsequent denitrification, which is favoured by hypoxic conditions. We suggest that a global expansion of hypoxic zones may lead to an increase in marine production and emission of N2O, which, as a potent greenhouse gas, could contribute significantly to the accumulation of radiatively active trace gases in the atmosphere.
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Horrigan SK, Arbieva ZH, Xie HY, Kravarusic J, Fulton NC, Naik H, Le TT, Westbrook CA. Delineation of a minimal interval and identification of 9 candidates for a tumor suppressor gene in malignant myeloid disorders on 5q31. Blood 2000; 95:2372-7. [PMID: 10733509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletion or loss of chromosome 5 is frequent in malignant myeloid disorders, including myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was used to define a minimal deletion interval for this gene. Polymorphic markers on 5q31 were identified using a high-resolution physical and radiation hybrid breakpoint map and applied to a patient with AML with a subcytogenetic deletion of 5q. By comparing the DNA from leukemic cells to buccal mucosa cells, LOH was detected with markers D5S476 and D5S1372 with retention of flanking markers D5S500 to D5S594. The D5S500-D5S594 interval, which covers approximately 700 kb, thus represents a minimal localization for the tumor suppressor gene. Further refinement of the physical map enabled the specification of 9 transcription units within the encompassing radiation hybrid bins and 7 in flanking bins. The 9 candidates include genes CDC25, HSPA9, EGR1, CTNNA1, and 5 unknown ESTs. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirms that all of them are expressed in normal human bone marrow CD34(+) cells and in AML cell lines and thus represent likely candidates for the MDS-AML tumor suppressor gene at 5q31.
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Pandey AK, Naik H, Singh RJ, Ramaswami A, Kalsi PC, Nair AGC, Iyer RH. Absolute Fission Yields in the Spontaneous Fission of 244Cm: A New Approach using Lexan Catcher-cum Gamma ray Spectrometry. RADIOCHIM ACTA 1999. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1999.87.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Naik H, Dange SP, Singh RJ. Charge Distribution for Light Mass Fission Products in the Thermal Neutron Induced Fission of 229Th, 241Pu, 245Cm and 252Cf(SF). RADIOCHIM ACTA 1998. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1998.83.3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pienta KJ, Redman BG, Bandekar R, Strawderman M, Cease K, Esper PS, Naik H, Smith DC. A phase II trial of oral estramustine and oral etoposide in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Urology 1997; 50:401-6; discussion 406-7. [PMID: 9301705 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(97)00228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously demonstrated that the combination of oral estramustine (15 mg/kg/day) and oral etoposide (50 mg/m2/day) is effective first-line therapy for the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. We initiated a new Phase II trial utilizing a lower dose of estramustine (10 mg/kg/day) and allowing previous chemotherapy treatment. METHODS Estramustine (10 mg/kg/day) and etoposide (50 mg/m2/day) were administered orally for 21 of 28 days. Sixty-two patients were enrolled with a minimum of 26 weeks of follow-up. RESULTS Of 15 patients with measurable soft tissue disease, 8 (53%) had a partial response (PR). Seven of these 8 patients also demonstrated a decrease in baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of more than 50%. The median survival of all patients was 56 weeks. Of 47 patients with disease limited to the bone, 16 (34%) had a PR to therapy based on decrease in pretreatment PSA of more than 50%. Overall, 24 (39%) of 62 patients demonstrated a decrease in pretreatment PSA levels of at least 50% from baseline. Twenty-two patients received previous chemotherapy. There were no differences in survival or disease response in patients treated with previous chemotherapy compared with untreated patients. Pretreatment hemoglobin, PSA, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were not significant prognostic factors, but performance status was an important predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combination of oral estramustine (10 mg/kg/day) and oral etoposide (50 mg/m2/day) is an active regimen for hormone refractory prostate cancer.
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Naik H, Nair AGC, Kalsi PC, Pandey AK, Singh RJ, Ramaswami A, Iyer RH. Absolute Fission Yields in the Fast Neutron Induced Fission of 99.9997 Atom % Pure 238U Using Track £tch-cum Gamma Spectrometric Technique. RADIOCHIM ACTA 1996. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1996.75.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hormone-refractory prostate cancer continues to be associated with a very poor prognosis. Agents that interact with the nuclear matrix have been demonstrated to have activity against hormone-refractory prostate cancer. It was the aim of this study to assess the activity of estramustine, an estradiol-nitrogen mustard conjugate, and 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, in a preclinical model of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. METHODS We used the Dunning rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model to demonstrate that the combination of estramustine and 9-AC interacts at the level of the nuclear matrix to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that the combination of these two agents at pharmacologically achievable doses are cytotoxic to rat and human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in the rat. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the two drugs was significantly more cytotoxic than either drug alone. We have instituted a Phase II clinical trial in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer using 9-AC based on these preclinical findings.
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Pienta KJ, Naik H, Lehr JE. Effect of estramustine, etoposide, and taxol on prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Urology 1996; 48:164-70. [PMID: 8693645 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Pandalai PK, Pilat MJ, Yamazaki K, Naik H, Pienta KJ. The effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on in vitro prostate cancer growth. Anticancer Res 1996; 16:815-20. [PMID: 8687134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of essential fatty acids (EFA) may play a role in prostate cancer cell proliferation. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that men whose dietary intake is high in omega-3 fatty acid (FA) composition have a lower incidence of clinical prostate cancer, suggesting that external factors such as diet may play an important role in development and growth of prostate cancer. Furthermore, in prostate cancer cell lines, omega-6 and omega-3 FAs have demonstrated promotional and inhibitory effects respectively. To investigate the effects of dietary fats on nontumorigenic prostate cell growth we conducted in vitro studies with human metastatic PC-3, LNCaP and TSU prostate cell lines, the rat metastatic Mat-Ly-Lu cell line and rat non-metastatic epithelial cell lines EPYP1, EPYP2 and EPYP3. Cell lines were treated with linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 FA (n-6), as well as linolenic (LLA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, which are both omega-3 FAs (n-3). All cell lines were treated with 10% and 0.5% serum supplemented media plus fatty acid for comparison. Our results demonstrate that linoleic acid(n-6) has promotional effects at doses of 1-100ng/ml in all cell lines with the exception of EPYPl. Experiments with linolenic acid (n-3) demonstrated consistent growth promotion in all cell lines examined with the exception of the EPYP2 cell line in which there was no significant effect. EPA had no effect in culture media supplemented with 10% serum, while in media containing 0.5% serum this FA demonstrated significant promotion in all human lines. Previous studies have indicated that EPA should inhibit human prostate cancer growth in vitro, however our results demonstrated promotion at low concentrations (lng/ml). At higher concentrations, EPA did inhibit prostate cell growth. These data indicate low levels of dietary fat, regardless of composition, may play a role in prostate cancer proliferation and could be an avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Pienta KJ, Esper PS, Naik H, Parzuchowski J, Bellefleur J. The Hospice Supportive Care Program: a new "transitionless" model of palliative care for patients with incurable prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:55-6. [PMID: 8847729 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Datta T, Naik H, Dange SP. Emission angle dependence of fission fragment spin: Effects of single particle spin and tilting mode. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:3104-3108. [PMID: 9970411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Pienta KJ, Naik H, Akhtar A, Yamazaki K, Replogle TS, Lehr J, Donat TL, Tait L, Hogan V, Raz A. Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:348-53. [PMID: 7853416 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.5.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in U.S. men and remains incurable once it has metastasized. Many stages of the metastatic cascade involve cellular interactions mediated by cell surface components, such as carbohydrate-binding proteins, including galactoside-binding lectins (galectins). Modified citrus pectin (pH-modified), a soluble component of plant fiber derived from citrus fruit, has been shown to interfere with cell-cell interactions mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding galectin-3 molecules. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether modified citrus pectin, a complex polysaccharide rich in galactosyl residues, could inhibit spontaneous metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma cells in the rat. METHODS The ability of modified citrus pectin to inhibit the adhesion of Dunning rat prostate cancer MAT-LyLu cells to rat endothelial cells was measured by 51Cr-labeling. Modified citrus pectin inhibition of MAT-LyLu cell anchorage-independent growth was measured by colony formation in agarose. The presence of galectin-3 in rat MAT-LyLu cells and human prostate carcinoma was demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. One million MAT-LyLu cells were injected subcutaneously into the hind limb of male Copenhagen rats on day 0. Rats were given 0.0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% (wt/vol) modified citrus pectin continuously in their drinking water (from day 4 until necropsy on day 30). The number of MAT-LyLu tumor colonies in the lungs were counted. RESULTS Compared with 15 or 16 control rats that had lung metastases on day 30, seven of 14 rats in the 0.1% and nine of 16 rats in the 1.0% modified citrus-pectin group had statistically significant (two-sided; P < .03 and P < .001, respectively) reductions in lung metastases. The lungs of the 1.0% modified citrus pectin-treated rats had significantly (two-sided; P < .05) fewer metastatic colonies than control groups (9 colonies +/- 4 [mean +/- SE] in the control group compared with 1 colony +/- 1 in the treated group). Modified citrus pectin had no effect on the growth of the primary tumors. In vitro, modified citrus pectin inhibited MAT-LyLu cell adhesion to rat endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as their colony formation in semisolid medium. CONCLUSIONS We present a novel therapy in which oral intake of modified citrus pectin acts as a potent inhibitor of spontaneous prostate carcinoma metastasis in the Copenhagen rat. IMPLICATIONS Further investigations are warranted to determine the following: 1) the role of galectin-3 in normal and cancerous prostate tissues and 2) the ability of modified citrus pectin to inhibit human prostate metastasis in nude mice.
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Naik H, Petrylak D, Yagoda A, Lehr J, Akhtar A, Pienta K. Preclinical studies of gossypol in prostate carcinoma. Int J Oncol 1995; 6:209-213. [PMID: 21556526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone refractory prostate cancer remains an incurable disease and the discovery of newer agents with higher cytotoxic activity is required. Gossypol is a phenolic compound isolated from cottonseed oil which has been shown to have anti-spermatogenic effects. In in vitro studies, gossypol appears to inhibit the growth of rat prostate cancer cell line MAT-LyLu and human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-3, LNCaP and DU-145. In vive, gossypol appeared to inhibit tumor growth of subcutaneously implanted MAT-LyLu cells in Copenhagen rats. Gossypol may be an active agent for the treatment of hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer.
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Naik H, Lehr J, Akhtar A, Pienta K. Oral cyclophosphamide and oral hydroxyurea in the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer in rats. Anticancer Res 1994; 14:2681-4. [PMID: 7872701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormone refractory prostate cancer is a fatal disease and currently no standard cytotoxic chemotherapy exists for prostate cancer. The recent use of prostate specific antigen as an endpoint for clinical trial has resulted in the ability to test the activity of chemotherapy agents in a quick manner. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the oral combination of two familiar agents, cyclophosphamide and hydroxyurea, against hormone refractory prostate cancer. In vitro studies demonstrated that hydroxyurea was more active than cyclophosphamide against the anaplastic Dunning rat prostate cancer cell line, Mat-LyLu. In vivo experiments, however, demonstrated cyclophosphamide to be superior to hydroxyurea. The combination of both agents failed to enhance inhibition of subcutaneously implanted Mat-LyLu cells. A human trial of oral cyclophosphamide using prostate specific antigen as an intermediate endpoint may be warranted.
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Datta T, Dange SP, Naik H, Manohar SB. Angular distribution in alpha-induced fission of 232Th and 238U. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:221-227. [PMID: 9968813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Naik H, Dange SP, Datta T. Charge Distribution in the Mass Region 128 —134 in Low Energy Fission of Actinides. RADIOCHIM ACTA 1993. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1993.62.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Datta T, Dange SP, Naik H, Prakash S. Emission-angle dependence of fission fragment spin. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:1445-1450. [PMID: 9968253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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