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Chen W, Baal U, Baal J, Pai J, Vasudevan H, Boreta L, Braunstein S, Raleigh D. Efficacy and Safety of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brainstem Metastases: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Susko M, Vasudevan H, Nakamura J, Raleigh D, Boreta L, Fogh S, Theodosopoulos P, McDermott M, Tsai K, Sneed P, Braunstein S. Outcomes Of Systemic Therapy With Or Without Focal Radiotherapy Following Resection Of Melanoma Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vasudevan H, Magill S, Seo K, Villanueva-Meyer J, Choudhury A, Liu S, Pekmezci M, Findakly S, Hilz S, LaStella S, Braunstein S, Oberheim N, Aghi M, Theodosopoulos P, Sneed P, Berger M, McDermott M, Lim D, Ulian E, Costello J, Raleigh D. Multiplatform Genomic Profiling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identify Molecular and Radiologic Determinants of Intratumor Heterogeneity Underlying Aggressive Behavior in Meningioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Craig A, Susko M, Vasudevan H, Ziemer B, Raleigh D, Boreta L, Gottschalk A, Nakamura J, Braunstein S. Outcomes And Risk For Acute Toxicity After Spine Radiotherapy In Conjunction With Immunotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vasudevan H, Xu P, Servellita V, Miller S, Liu L, Gopez A, Chiu CY, Abate AR. Digital droplet PCR accurately quantifies SARS-CoV-2 viral load from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.09.02.20186023. [PMID: 32908995 PMCID: PMC7480047 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus motivates diverse diagnostic approaches due to the novel causative pathogen, incompletely understood clinical sequelae, and limited availability of testing resources. Given the variability in viral load across and within patients, absolute viral load quantification directly from crude lysate is important for diagnosis and surveillance. Here, we investigate the use of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 viral load measurement directly from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification. We demonstrate ddPCR accurately quantifies SARS-CoV-2 standards from purified RNA and multiple sample matrices, including commonly utilized universal transport medium (UTM). In addition, we find ddPCR functions robustly at low input viral copy numbers on nasopharyngeal swab specimens stored in UTM without upfront RNA extraction. We also show ddPCR, but not qPCR, from crude lysate shows high concordance with viral load measurements from purified RNA. Our data suggest ddPCR offers advantages to qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection with higher sensitivity and robustness when using crude lysate rather than purified RNA as input. More broadly, digital droplet assays provide a potential method for nucleic acid measurement and infectious disease diagnosis with limited sample processing, underscoring the utility of such techniques in laboratory medicine.
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Susko M, Vasudevan H, Magill S, Calixto-Hope L, Villanueva-Meyer J, Nakamura J, Ann Oberheim-Bush N, Theodosopoulos P, Solomon D, Braunstein S, Sneed P, McDermott M, Raleigh D. MNGI-04. PATTERNS OF FAILURE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING LOCAL RECURRENCE OF MENINGIOMA TREATED WITH POSTOPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Factors associated with meningioma recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy are poorly understood, and the optimal postoperative radiotherapy target delineation for meningioma is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing meningioma recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy to inform patient selection and treatment design.
METHODS
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent meningioma resection at a single institution between 1991 and 2015. Patients with sufficient tumor tissue for histologic classification and who received postoperative radiation therapy with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or brachytherapy, were included. Local freedom from recurrence (LFFR) was analyzed according to tumor and treatment characteristics using the Kaplan Meier method.
RESULTS
We identified 86 patients with 96 meningiomas who met inclusion criteria. Nineteen meningiomas (20%) were WHO grade I, 56 (58%) were grade II and 21 (22%) were grade III. Forty-one meningiomas (43%) were recurrent, and 55 (57%) were de novo. The postoperative radiotherapy modality was EBRT for 58 patients (60%), SRS for 20 (21%) patients and brachytherapy for 18 (19%) patients. With a median follow up of 4.3 years (IQR 2.1–8.8 years), there were 48 (50%) local failures that occurred a median of 17 months after immediate prior resection (IQR 9–33 months). WHO grade II/III and recurrent meningiomas had worse LFFR (p< 0.001). The 5-year LFFR was 53% after EBRT (95% CI 41–69%), 53% after SRS (95% CI 34–84%) and 15% after brachytherapy (95% CI 3–74%), although meningiomas that were treated with brachytherapy were significantly more likely to have received prior EBRT or SRS (86% versus 29%, p< 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These data provide a foundation for understanding patterns of meningioma recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy. Ongoing analyses aim to quantify the relationships between postoperative radiotherapy dose, target delineation and local control of meningioma.
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John Liu S, Vasudevan H, Pekmezci M, Choudhury A, Lien B, Breshears J, Swaney D, Magill S, Lang U, Chen W, Gopinath C, Castro M, Villanueva-Meyer J, Braunstein S, Sneed P, Lim D, Perry A, Krogran N, McDermott M, Berger M, Theodosopoulos P, Raleigh D. GENE-37. VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA IS COMPRISED OF NEURAL CREST AND IMMUNE SUBGROUPS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are tumors arising from cranial nerve Schwann cells and show variable outcomes after treatment, including oscillation in size for many years after radiosurgery. To understand the unique biology of VS, we performed multiplatform molecular profiling to develop a single cell atlas of VS and reveal that VS exists on a molecular axis defined by neural crest and immune genes.
METHODS
Sixty-six sporadic VS with available tissue for molecular profiling from 59 consecutive patients at a single institution were included. 850K DNA methylation arrays and RNA sequencing were used to profile both primary (76%) and recurrent (24%) tumors. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of 7 tumors and single cell RNA sequencing of 3 tumors and cell lines were used to define the cellular composition of VS and heterogeneous changes in molecular programs following irradiation. Molecular subtyping was performed by hierarchical clustering of differentially-methylated DNA probes and validated using transcriptomic data. Mechanistic experiments were performed using cultured human schwann cells and human vestibular schwannoma cells, confocal microscopy, CRISPR interference, proteomic mass spectrometry and lymphocyte migration assays.
RESULTS
Multiplatform genomic profiling and machine learning revealed that VS is comprised of two distinct molecular subtypes characterized by heterogeneous cell populations. Neural crest enriched VS express primary cilia and are associated with misactivation of the Hedgehog pathway. Consistently, we find that the Hedgehog pathway antagonist vismodegib blocks the growth of human Schwann cells. Irradiation epigenetically reprograms tumors and cell lines to reduce ciliary length, attenuate Hedgehog signaling, activate senescence pathways, and express cytokines and apolipoproteins that recruit lymphocytes and macrophages to immune enriched VS.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data reveal novel molecular subtypes of VS and establish a framework for understanding how irradiation modifies the epigenome and tumor microenvironment.
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Magill S, Vasudevan H, Seo K, John Liu S, Hilz S, Villanueva-Meyer J, Choudhury A, Demaree B, Lim D, Braunstein S, Ann Oberheim-Bush N, Ullian E, Aghi M, Theodosopoulos P, Sneed P, Abate A, Berger M, McDermott M, Costello J, Raleigh D. TMOD-27. A NEURAL CREST CELL SUBPOPULATION UNDERLIES INTRATUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN MENINGIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor, and high grade meningiomas are resistant to most cancer therapies. Intratumor heterogeneity is a recognized source of resistance to treatment in numerous malignancies. Thus, we hypothesized that investigating molecular heterogeneity in meningiomas would elucidate biologic drivers and shed light on tumor evolution and mechanisms of resistance.
METHODS
We collected 86 spatially distinct samples at the time of resection from 13 meningiomas. Seven meningiomas were WHO grade I (46 samples), three were grade II (22 samples), and three were grade III (18 samples). Seven meningiomas were sampled at the time of salvage surgery (48 samples), and 6 were sampled at the time of initial diagnosis (38 samples). We performed multiplatform molecular profiling of these samples to identify drivers of intratumor heterogeneity, and validated our results using meningioma cells co-cultured with human cerebral organoids and RNA sequencing of paired primary and recurrent meningiomas.
RESULTS
Using bulk RNA sequencing, DNA methylation profiling and phylogenetic analysis of spatially distinct samples, we discovered significant transcriptomic, epigenomic and genomic heterogeneity in meningioma. In particular, we identified chromosomal structural alterations and differences in immune and neuronal signaling that underlie clonal evolution in high grade tumors. Using MRI-stratified bulk RNA sequencing, single nuclear RNA sequencing, RNA sequencing of paired primary and recurrent meningiomas, and live cell microscopy and single cell RNA sequencing of meningioma cells in co-culture with human cerebral organoids, we revealed a rare meningioma cell subpopulation with strong transcriptional concordance to the neural crest, a multipotent embryonic tissue that forms the meninges in development.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that misactivation of a developmental cell population underlies intratumor heterogeneity in meningioma and that expression of neural crest and immediate early genes are an important step in meningeal oncogenesis.
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Breshears JD, Liu JS, Vasudevan H, Pekmezci M, Castro MRH, Lang U, Chen W, Choudhury A, Magill ST, Braunstein S, Gopinath C, Nakamura JL, Sneed P, Perry A, McDermott MW, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Raleigh DR, Theodosopoulos PV. Multiplatform Molecular Profiling of Vestibular Schwannoma Reveals 2 Subgroups of Tumors With Distinct Radiographic Features and a Methylation-Based Predictor of Local Recurrence. Neurosurgery 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz310_317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vasudevan H, Lucas C, Liu S, Choudhury A, Magill S, Gopinath C, Nakamura J, Braunstein S, Perry A, Pekmezci M, Raleigh D. Postoperative Radiation Therapy Improves Progression-Free Survival in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sinha S, Witztum A, Vasudevan H, Hasse K, Carroll P, Feng F, Hope T, Wong A. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-Based Prostate Cancer Lymph Node Atlas Reveals Patterns of Potential Geographic Miss in Consensus Pelvic Nodal Contours. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu S, Vasudevan H, Breshears J, Pekmezci M, Villanueva-Meyer J, Lang U, Chen W, Choudhury A, Magill S, Braunstein S, Gopinath C, Nakamura J, Tward A, Sneed P, Perry A, McDermott M, Theodosopoulos P, Raleigh D. Multiplatform Molecular Profiling of Vestibular Schwannoma Reveals Immune Enrichment after Radiosurgery and a Methylation-Based Predictor of Recurrence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu SJ, Magill S, Vasudevan H, Hilz S, Daggubati V, Villanueva-Meyer J, Choudhury A, Ferris S, Orr B, Bush NAO, Bollen A, McDermott M, Costello J, Raleigh D. EPEN-02. MULTIPLATFORM MOLECULAR PROFILING REVEALS INTRATUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN EPENDYMOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Magill S, Liu J, Vasudevan H, Hilz S, Ferris S, Ann N, Bush O, Villanueva-Meyer J, Bollen A, Costello J, McDermott M, Raleigh D. GENE-31. MULTIPLATFORM MOLECULAR PROFILING AND QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF AN ANAPLASTIC EPENDYMOMA REVEALS INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vasudevan H, Braunstein S, Phillips JJ, Pekmezci M, Wu A, Reis G, Magill S, Chang S, Sneed P, McDermott M, Perry A, Raleigh D. GENE-04. COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AGGRESSIVE MENINGIOMAS IDENTIFIES MOLECULAR SIGNATURES THAT PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOMES. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chen W, Magill S, Wu A, Vasudevan H, Aghi M, Theodosopoulos P, Perry A, McDermott M, Sneed P, Braunstein S, Raleigh D. MNGI-09. HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES PREDICT LOCAL CONTROL AFTER ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY FOR ATYPICAL MENINGIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vasudevan H, Braunstein S, Wu A, Reis G, Magill S, Phillips J, Chang S, Sneed P, McDermott M, Perry A, Raleigh D. Molecular Profiling of Meningioma Identifies Genomic Signatures That Predict Clinical Outcomes Independent of Tumor Grade. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vasudevan H, Rhome R, Buckstein M. Copy Number Variations in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Cluster Stomach Adenocarcinoma Patients Into Groups With Significant Differences in Disease-Free and Overall Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nagareddy PR, Rajput PS, Vasudevan H, McClure B, Kumar U, Macleod KM, McNeill JH. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 improves endothelial function and prevents hypertension in insulin-resistant rats. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:705-15. [PMID: 21740410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin resistance is often found to be associated with high blood pressure. We propose that in insulin-resistant hypertension, endothelial dysfunction is the consequence of increased activity of vascular MMP-2. As MMP-2 proteolytically cleaves a number of extracellular matrix proteins, we hypothesized that MMP-2 impairs endothelial function by proteolytic degradation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) or its cofactor, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested our hypothesis in bovine coronary artery endothelial cells and fructose-fed hypertensive rats (FHR), a model of acquired systolic hypertension and insulin resistance. KEY RESULTS Treatment of FHRs with the MMP inhibitor doxycycline, preserved endothelial function as well as prevented the development of hypertension, suggesting that MMPs impair endothelial function. Furthermore, incubating endothelial cells in vitro with a recombinant MMP-2 decreased NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Using substrate cleavage assays and immunofluorescence microscopy studies, we found that MMP-2 not only cleaves and degrades HSP90, an eNOS cofactor but also co-localizes with both eNOS and HSP90 in endothelial cells, suggesting that MMPs functionally interact with the eNOS system. Treatment of FHRs with doxycycline attenuated the decrease in eNOS and HSP90 expression but did not improve insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that increased activity of MMP-2 in FHRs impairs endothelial function and promotes hypertension. Inhibition of MMP-2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of hypertension.
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Vasudevan H, Lau S, Jiang J, McNeill JH. Effects of insulin resistance and testosterone on the participation of cyclooxygenase isoforms in vascular reactivity. J Exp Pharmacol 2010; 2:169-79. [PMID: 27186103 PMCID: PMC4863301 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone plays an important role in mediating hypertension and altered vascular reactivity associated with insulin resistance. In addition to other pathways, testosterone-dependent changes in aortic cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA levels affect blood pressure following insulin resistance. However their effects on vascular tone are unclear. We studied the changes in contraction response to phenylephrine (PE) in the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from intact and gonadectomized fructose-fed rats. Constriction response to PE was studied in tissues incubated with the COX-1 and COX-2-selective antagonists, SC-560 and NS-398, respectively, and indomethacin, in addition to assessing its role in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Finally changes in COX-2 protein expression and plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a downstream vasoconstrictor metabolite of COX-2, were measured. In fructose-fed rats, castration prevented the increase in blood pressure but not insulin resistance. The involvement of COX-2 in mediating the alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction was higher in intact rat aorta compared to COX-1, which was prevented by castration. However, in the SMA, COX-2 participation was dependent on testosterone alone. Fructose-induced attenuation of endothelial relaxation was restored by indomethacin, which suggests a pro-vasoconstrictor role for COX. Both diet and testosterone did not alter vascular COX-2 expression thus suggesting the involvement of downstream testosterone-dependent pathways. This is supported by increased plasma TXA2 in the castrated rats compared to intact rats. Isoform-specific actions of COX are tissue-selective in states of insulin resistance and involve potential testosterone-dependent downstream targets. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of androgens and insulin resistance in vascular arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Vasudevan H, Halelamien N, Shimojo S. Visual replay effect: objective evidence from a masking paradigm. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mustafa S, Vasudevan H, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. Renal expression of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes and RhoA/Rho kinases in fructose insulin resistant hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 333:203-9. [PMID: 19633817 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fructose feeding has been shown to induce insulin resistance and hypertension. Renal protein expression for the cytochrome P (CYP) 450 arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes has been shown to be altered in other models of diet-induced hypertension. Of special interest is CYP4A, which produces the potent vasoconstrictor, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and CYP2C, which catalyzes the formation of the potent dilators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids as well as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) which metabolizes the latter to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. The RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is downstream of arachidonic acid and is reported to mediate metabolic-cardio-renal dysfunctions in some experimental models of insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of CYP4A, CYP2C23, CYP2C11, sEH, RhoA, ROCK-1, ROCK-2, and phospho-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase (LIMK) in kidneys of fructose-fed (F) rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high fructose diet for 8 weeks. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and renal expression of the aforementioned proteins were assessed. No change was observed in the body weight of F rats; however, euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia implicating impaired glucose tolerance and significant elevation in systolic blood pressure were observed. Renal expression of CYP4A and CYP2C23 was significantly increased while that of CYP2C11 and sEH was not changed in F rats. Equal expression for RhoA in both control and F rats and an enhanced level of ROCK-1 and ROCK-2 constitutively activate 130 kDa cleavage fragments as well as phospho-LIMK. These data suggest that the kidneys could be actively participating in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance-induced hypertension through the arachidonic acid CYP 450-RhoA/Rho kinase pathway(s).
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Vasudevan H, McNeill JH. Comparison of Vascular Reactivity Profiles in the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Aorta of Normal and Insulin Resistant Wistar Rats: Role of Cyclooxygenase. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nagareddy PR, Vasudevan H, McClure B, McNeill JH. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation prevents the development of hypertension in high fructose diet fed rats. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.912.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Jiang J, Tran L, Vasudevan H, Xia Z, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. Endothelin-1 blockade prevents COX2 induction and TXA2 production in the fructose hypertensive rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:422-9. [PMID: 17612651 DOI: 10.1139/y06-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding rats with a high fructose diet results in insulin resistance and hypertension. Fructose-hypertensive rats (FHR) have increased vascular levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane (TXA2). We have previously shown that chronic treatment with either the dual endothelin receptor blocker, bosentan, or the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, dazmegrel, prevented fructose-induced increases in blood pressure, suggesting that both ET-1 and TXA2 play important roles in the development of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance-associated hypertension. In this study, we investigated the potential interrelationship between ET-1 and TXA2 in the development of fructose-induced hypertension in vivo. Male Wistar rats were fed on a high fructose diet for 9 weeks. Either bosentan or dazmegrel treatment (daily by oral gavage) was initiated 3 weeks after the start of fructose feeding for a total duration of 6 weeks. At the end of drug treatment, blood and aorta were collected from each animal. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable TXA2 metabolite, increased significantly in FHR and was reduced to control level by both chronic bosentan and dazmegrel treatment. Protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was elevated significantly in FHR aortas and treatment with bosentan and dazmegrel corrected these changes. These results indicate that the actions of ET-1 in the aorta of FHR may be mediated through COX2-derived TXA2. Bosentan may prevent the development of hypertension in fructose-fed rats through inhibition of COX2 induction and subsequently the reduction in plasma TXA2.
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