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Mehta H, Mashiko S, Angsana J, Maari C, Bissonnette R, Sarfati M, Muñoz E. LB1143 New insights into the role of T cells in psoriasis: Identification of multi-cytokine producing T cell subsets and a skewed relative contribution of IL17A production by tissue resident CD103+CD8+ T cells. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun Y, Overby PJ, Mehta H. Case 271. Radiology 2019; 292:259-262. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019170925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sun Y, Bobra S, Kurian C, Ahluwalia-Singh B, Thomas A, Mehta H. MR and diffusion tensor imaging of isolated tentorial hypoplasia. Neurol Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29517079 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mehta H, Wang L, Kaw R, Mehra R, Aboussouan LS. 0433 IMPACT OF PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGIC AND METABOLIC FACTORS ON ARTERIAL CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS IN OBESITY HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kaushal R, Subbulakshmi V, Tomar J, Alam N, Jayaparkash J, Mehta H, Chaturvedi O. Predictive models for biomass and carbon stock estimation in male bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus L.) in Doon valley, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mehta H. An insight into the sites of noncuffed hemodialysis catheters. Indian J Nephrol 2015; 25:261-2. [PMID: 26628788 PMCID: PMC4588318 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.152729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mehta H, Acharya J, Mohan AL, Tobias ME, LeCompte L, Jeevan D. Minimizing Radiation Exposure in Evaluation of Pediatric Head Trauma: Use of Rapid MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:11-8. [PMID: 26381555 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE With >473,000 annual emergency department visits for children with traumatic brain injuries in the United States, the risk of ionizing radiation exposure during CT examinations is a real concern. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of rapid MR imaging to replace CT in the follow-up imaging of patients with head trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 103 pediatric patients who underwent initial head CT and subsequent follow-up rapid MR imaging between January 2010 and July 2013 was performed. Patients had minor head injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale, >13) that required imaging. Initial head CT was performed, with follow-up rapid MR imaging completed within 48 hours. A board-certified neuroradiologist, blinded to patient information and scan parameters, then independently interpreted the randomized cases. RESULTS There was almost perfect agreement in the ability to detect extra-axial hemorrhage on rapid MR imaging and CT (κ = 0.84, P < .001). Evaluation of hemorrhagic contusion/intraparenchymal hemorrhage demonstrated a moderate level of agreement between MR imaging and CT (κ = 0.61, P < .001). The ability of MR imaging to detect a skull fracture also showed a substantial level of agreement with CT (κ = 0.71, P < .001). Detection of diffuse axonal injury demonstrated a slight level of agreement between MR imaging and CT (κ = 0.154, P = .04). However, the overall predictive agreement for the detection of an axonal injury was 91%. CONCLUSIONS Rapid MR imaging is a valid technique for detecting traumatic cranial injuries and an adequate examination for follow-up imaging in lieu of repeat CT.
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Bsat M, Chapuy L, Baba N, Rubio M, Panzini B, Wassef R, Richard C, Soucy G, Mehta H, Sarfati M. Differential accumulation and function of proinflammatory 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells in lymph node and colon of Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis patients. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:671-81. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a1014-509rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mehta H, Sim DA, Keane PA, Zarranz-Ventura J, Gallagher K, Egan CA, Westcott M, Lee RWJ, Tufail A, Pavesio CE. Structural changes of the choroid in sarcoid- and tuberculosis-related granulomatous uveitis. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1060-8. [PMID: 26021867 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to characterise the choroidal features of patients diagnosed with sarcoid- and tuberculosis (TB)-associated granulomatous uveitis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Twenty-seven patients (27 eyes) diagnosed with sarcoid- (13 eyes) and TB (14 eyes)-related uveitis were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Over a six-month period, patients diagnosed with sarcoid and TB granulomatous uveitis were scanned using enhanced depth imaging OCT. Clinical and demographical characteristics were recorded, including the method of diagnosis, disease activity, site of inflammation (anterior or posterior), treatments, and visual acuity (VA). Manual segmentation of the choroidal layers was performed using custom image analysis software. RESULTS The main outcome measure was OCT-derived thickness measurements of the choroid and choroidal sublayers (Haller's large vessel and Sattler's medium vessel layers) at the macula region. The ratio of Haller's large vessel to Sattler's medium vessel layer was significantly different at the total macula circle in eyes diagnosed with TB uveitis (1.47 (=140.71/95.72 μm)) compared with sarcoid uveitis (1.07 (=137.70/128.69 μm)) (P=0.001). A thinner choroid was observed in eyes with a VA ≥0.3 LogMAR (Snellen 6/12; 198.1 μm (interquartile range (IQR)=147.0-253.4 μm) compared with those with VA <0.3 LogMAR (292.4 μm (IQR=240.1-347.6 μm)) at the total macula circle (P=0.004). At the foveal central subfield, the median choroidal thickness was 336.8 μm (IQR=272.3-375.4 μm) in active compared with 239.3 μm (IQR=195.3-330.9 μm) in quiescent disease (P=0.04). CONCLUSION A disproportionately enlarged Sattler's layer may indicate a diagnosis of sarcoid-related uveitis, and choroidal thickening may be a feature of active granulomatous uveitis.
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Neil JA, Laurent D, Das K, Mehta H. Retrograde cysto-myelogram: Case Report. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S124-6. [PMID: 25949854 PMCID: PMC4408618 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.155698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the scenario of blunt trauma with suspected bladder injury, conventional retrograde cystography is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors report the case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with pelvic and sacral fractures and a ruptured bladder after being hit by a vehicle. A retrograde computed tomography cystogram demonstrated extraperitoneal extravasation of the contrast agent, which traversed violated sacral nerve roots, resulting in contrast entering the subarachnoid space at the left sacral ala predominantly through the left L5 and S1 nerve roots. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known report of an accidental myelogram imaging performed through a retrograde cystogram.
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Adamson R, Dembitsky W, Limmer K, Mehta H, Hoagland P, Jaski B. Concurrent Valvular Procedures During HMII Insertion Are Not Associated With Short or Long-Term Decreased Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mehdi BL, Qian J, Nasybulin E, Park C, Welch DA, Faller R, Mehta H, Henderson WA, Xu W, Wang CM, Evans JE, Liu J, Zhang JG, Mueller KT, Browning ND. Observation and quantification of nanoscale processes in lithium batteries by operando electrochemical (S)TEM. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2168-73. [PMID: 25705928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An operando electrochemical stage for the transmission electron microscope has been configured to form a "Li battery" that is used to quantify the electrochemical processes that occur at the anode during charge/discharge cycling. Of particular importance for these observations is the identification of an image contrast reversal that originates from solid Li being less dense than the surrounding liquid electrolyte and electrode surface. This contrast allows Li to be identified from Li-containing compounds that make up the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. By correlating images showing the sequence of Li electrodeposition and the evolution of the SEI layer with simultaneously acquired and calibrated cyclic voltammograms, electrodeposition, and electrolyte breakdown processes can be quantified directly on the nanoscale. This approach opens up intriguing new possibilities to rapidly visualize and test the electrochemical performance of a wide range of electrode/electrolyte combinations for next generation battery systems.
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Durai AA, Tomar JMS, Devi P, Arunachalam A, Mehta H. Rice Diversity – The Genetic Resource Grid of North-East India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2015.00024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hu YC, Chugh C, Mehta H, Stiefel MF. Early angiographic occlusion of ruptured blister aneurysms of the internal carotid artery using the Pipeline Embolization Device as a primary treatment option. J Neurointerv Surg 2013; 6:740-3. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Novotny SA, Mehta H, Lowe DA, Nuckley DJ. Vibration platform for mice to deliver precise, low intensity mechanical signals to the musculoskeleton. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2013; 13:412-7. [PMID: 24292611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low intensity vibration as a therapeutic and training modality has received increased attention despite the lack of clear mechanistic pathways. Thus, to determine mechanisms underpinning vibration-induced musculoskeletal adaptations, a vibration platform for mice was designed, constructed, and validated. METHODS Critical aspects of the platform include use of off-the-shelf components to (1) tailor individual parameter selection (acceleration and frequency), (2) produce low error across the plate's surface and throughout the range of vibration parameters, and (3) utilize accelerometer feedback to ensure fidelity within and between bouts of vibration. The vibration device is controlled by a centrally-mounted linear actuator on the underside of the platform that is modulated by accelerometer feedback. RESULTS Triaxial accelerometers confirmed that vibrations were purely vertical and acceleration responses were within 5% of target stimuli for all accelerations (0.2-1.0 g) and frequencies (25-90 Hz). The platform produced acceleration responses with ≤4% error between 25-90 Hz. Vibration modes were not detected indicating that the circular plate produced uniform stimuli across the platform (error ≤1.1%, P≥0.23) and mouse body mass did not affect the platform's performance (P≥0.43). CONCLUSIONS Our vibration device for mice improves upon existing devices and enables precise, low intensity mechanical signals to be applied with confidence.
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease best known for chorea. The disorder includes numerous other clinical features including mood disorder, eye movement abnormalities, cognitive disturbance, pendular knee reflexes, motor impersistence, and postural instability. We describe a mild case of HD early in the disease course with depression and subtle neurological manifestations. In addition, we review MRI and diffusion tensor imaging features in this patient. The bicaudate ratio, a measure of caudate atrophy, was increased. Fractional anisotropy values of the bilateral caudate and putamen were increased, signifying neurodegeneration of these structures in HD.
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Shah SO, Mehta H, Fekete R. Late-onset neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Case Rep Neurol 2012; 4:216-23. [PMID: 23275784 PMCID: PMC3531933 DOI: 10.1159/000345871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroferritinopathy is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that includes a movement disorder, cognitive decline, and characteristic findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to abnormal iron deposition. Here, we present a late-onset case, along with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 74-year-old Caucasian female with no significant past medical history who presented for evaluation of orofacial dyskinesia, suspected to be edentulous dyskinesia given her history of ill-fitting dentures. She had also developed slowly progressive dysarthria, dysphagia, visual hallucinations as well as stereotypic movements of her hands and feet. RESULTS The eye-of-the-tiger sign was demonstrated on T2 MRI. Increased fractional anisotropy and T2 hypointensity were observed in the periphery of the globus pallidus, putamen, substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus. T2 hyperintensity was present in the medial dentate nucleus and central globus pallidus. DISCUSSION The pallidal MRI findings were more typical of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), but given additional dentate and putamenal involvement, lack of retinopathy, and advanced age of onset, PKAN was less likely. Although the patient's ferritin levels were within low normal range, her clinical and imaging features led to a diagnosis of neuroferritinopathy. CONCLUSION Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a rare cause of orofacial dyskinesia. DTI MRI can confirm abnormal iron deposition. The location of abnormal iron deposits helps in differentiating NBIA subtypes. Degeneration of the dentate and globus pallidus may occur via an analogous process given their similar T2 and DTI MRI appearance.
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Mehta H, Santos E, Ledonio C, Sembrano J, Ellingson A, Pare P, Murrell B, Nuckley DJ. Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw thread differential design in an osteoporotic cadaver model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2012; 27:234-40. [PMID: 22071427 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedicle screw fixation, the standard surgical care for posterior stabilization in the thoraco-lumbar spine has a high rate of failure in osteoporotic individuals. Screw design factors and insertion techniques have been shown to influence the biomechanical performance of pedicle screws. Our objective was to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic bone by comparing standard screws with newly designed differential crest thickness dual lead screws. METHODS An in-vitro spinal-level paired factorial study design was used to examine thoraco-lumbar spine biomechanical outcomes for differential pedicle screw thread designs. Six cadaveric human spines (T8-L5) were tested for six groups (n=20) consisting of 2 different crest thickness and 3 different insertion techniques. Bone mineral density was assessed and peak insertion torque measured while placing one screw of new design and control on the contralateral side. Screw pullout properties were measured from classical American Society for Testing and Materials protocols. FINDINGS The screws designed specifically for osteoporotic bone showed significantly larger insertion torque compared with the standard screw design irrespective of insertion technique. Much of the variability in pullout failure and stiffness was explained by bone mineral density. The osteoporotic screws of different crest thickness were statistically similar to each other in all outcome measures. INTERPRETATION Compared with standard pedicle screws, the dual lead osteoporotic-specific pedicle screws demonstrated significantly larger insertion torques and similar pullout properties. Non-significant increased biomechanical strength was observed for thin crest compared to thick crest dual lead pedicle screws indicating their enhanced purchase in osteoporotic bone.
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Mehta H. Relationship of Asthma and Food Allergy In An Urban Pediatric Population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sinclair CDJ, Morrow JM, Miranda MA, Davagnanam I, Cowley PC, Mehta H, Hanna MG, Koltzenburg M, Yousry TA, Reilly MM, Thornton JS. Skeletal muscle MRI magnetisation transfer ratio reflects clinical severity in peripheral neuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:29-32. [PMID: 21613652 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2011.246116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
MRI may provide treatment outcome measures in neuromuscular conditions. The authors assessed MRI magnetisation transfer ratios (MTRs) in lower-limb musculature as markers of pathology in peripheral neuropathies and compared the findings with associated clinical data. Ten patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and nine patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) were compared with 10 healthy subjects. The MTR in the calf muscles was significantly lower than controls in the two patient groups (both p<0.001). The median MTRs (IQR) were 50.5(1.6) percentage units (p.u.) (control), 41.5(10.6) p.u. (CMT1A) and 39.3(8.7) p.u. (CIDP). Moreover, anterior lower leg MTR correlated strongly with strength of ankle dorsiflexion, measured with the Medical Research Council scale, in CIDP (ρ=0.88, p<0.001) and also in CMT1A (ρ=0.50, p<0.05), where MTR also showed an association with disease duration (ρ=-0.86, p<0.001). Short tau inversion recovery MRI of the same muscles showed abnormalities associated with regions of reduced MTR (p<0.001), and MTR was also reduced in other muscles otherwise deemed normal appearing (p<0.001), indicating that MTR may be more sensitive to muscle damaged by denervation than conventional MRI. The significant reductions in muscle MTR in peripheral neuropathies and the associated correlations with clinical measures indicate that MTR has potential as an imaging outcome measure in future therapeutic trials.
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Sinclair CDJ, Miranda MA, Cowley P, Morrow JM, Davagnanam I, Mehta H, Hanna MG, Koltzenburg M, Reilly MM, Yousry TA, Thornton JS. MRI shows increased sciatic nerve cross sectional area in inherited and inflammatory neuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:1283-6. [PMID: 20971754 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.211334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the cross sectional area of the sciatic nerve are described in a group of 10 patients with genetically confirmed Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), nine patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and 10 healthy controls using MRI. One mid-thigh of each individual was imaged using a short tau inversion recovery sequence and the nerve appearance evaluated radiologically with respect to the signal intensity and visibility of the internal neural structure. The cross sectional area of the sciatic nerve of each individual was measured by defining irregular enclosing regions of interest on the MRI images. The sciatic nerve area was enlarged in both CMT1A (p<0.001) and CIDP (p=0.008) compared with controls and in CMT1A compared with CIDP (p<0.001). Median (interquartile range) areas were 67.6 (16.2) mm(2) for the CIDP group, 135.9 (46.5) mm(2) for the CMT1A group and 43.3 (19.9) mm(2) for the control group. The critical upper value for discriminating pathologically enlarged nerves from normal controls with p<0.05 was 64.4 mm(2). Quantification of sciatic nerve hypertrophy on MRI may be of assistance in cases where the diagnosis is still in doubt, providing an objective pathological marker complimenting other clinical investigations.
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Nandeesh BN, Rajalakshmi T, Mehta H. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47:345-6. [PMID: 20587916 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.64706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinclair C, Miranda M, Cowley P, Morrow J, Davagnanam I, Mehta H, Hanna M, Koltzenburg M, Reilly M, Yousry T, Thornton J. P90 Magnetic resonance imaging and sciatic nerve cross-sectional area in inherited and inflammatory neuropathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(10)70105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mehta H, Khan T, Ismail TF, Rogers A, Wallis A, Collas D, Wallis WRJ, van der Watt MJ, Werring DJ. Headache, blindness and a seizure after childbirth. Postgrad Med J 2008; 84:555-7. [PMID: 19017843 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.063438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a worldwide epidemic and the most prevalent cause of many diseases leading to increased morbidity and mortality globally. The impact of smoking on pathogenesis of cancer is being extensively studied however cigarette smoke as an immunosuppressant is less well recognized. Here we review the immunosuppressive effects of cigarette smoke and the mechanisms by which smoking affects host innate immunity including structural and functional changes in the respiratory ciliary epithelium, lung surfactant protein, and immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Thus smoking cessation should be emphasized not only for prevention of cancer and coronary artery disease but also for patients with recurrent infections and immunosuppressive states.
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