Abstract P2-07-16: Alcohol consumption increases mammographic density in women aged ≥55 years

Background: Incresed mammographic density is a significant risk factor for breast cancer and decreses the sensitivity of mammography screening. The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting breast density in Japanese women.

Data sources and methods: Between Apr. 2014 and Mar. 2016, 3492 women were received mammography screening. According to the results of mammography, breast density was categorized as non-dense(BI-RADS 1 and 2, n=1670) and dense(BI-RADS 3 and 4, n=2222) . Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having dense breasts by age, body mass index(BMI), alcohol consumption, smoking, parity, menopausal status, dysmenorrhea, hormone use, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, fried foods intake, brightly colored vegetables intake, coffee intake and tea or green tea intake. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results: There was a statistically significant negative interaction of age(OR=0.97, <0.001), BMI(OR=0.78, <0.001), number of live birth (one; OR=0.77, <0.030, two or more; OR0.37, <0.001), post-menopause(OR=0.6, <0.001) on breast density. On the other, there was a statistically significant positive interaction of alcohol intake(20g or more a day, OR=1.62, 0.026) in dense breast women aged ≥55 years. A trend of bone mineral density ≥80% and dense breast was seen in women aged ≥40 years(OR=0.63, <0.086, n=510).

Results of analysis of factors influencing breast density among all study participants  Odds ratio95% CIPAgeContinuoous variables0.970.95-0.98<0.001BMIContinuoous variables0.780.76-0.80<0.001Alcohol intakenone1.00 0.325 <20g a day1.120.94-1.350.209 ≥20g a day1.210.91-1.600.186Smokingno1.00   yes0.940.71-1.230.644Birth01.00 <0.001 once0.770.61-0.970.030 ≥20.370.31-0.45<0.001Menopausepre1.00   post0.600.47-0.77<0.001Dysminorrheano1.00   yes0.780.41-1.480.446Family history of breast cancerno1.00   yes1.000.81-1.240.991Physical activityno1.00   yes0.890.74-1.070.207Fried foods intakenone1.00 0.087 once two days0.780.60-1.020.068 ≥once a day0.760.51-1.120.166Brightly coloredd vegetablesnone1.00 0.910 once two days0.950.70-1.280.737 ≥once a day0.950.73-1.220.666Coffee intakenone1.00 0.105 once two days1.060.75-1.510.729 ≥once a day1.221.01-1.470.040Tea/Green tea intakenone1.001.01-1.470.098 once two days0.760.55-1.050.097 ≥once a day0.840.70-1.000.055bone mineral density(n=510)<80%1.00    ≥80%0.630.38-1.070.068

Results of analysis of factors influencing breast density in women aged ≥55 years (n=1382)  Odds ratio95% CIPBMI<25kg/m21.00   ≥25kg/m20.300.21-0.44<0.001Birth0  Trend P<0.001 once0.690.46-1.040.0076 ≥two0.310.23-0.41<0.001Alcohol intakenone  0.052 <20g/day1.260.98-1.620.074 ≥20g/day1.621.06-2.480.026

Conclusion: Alcohol consumption increase mammographic breast density in women aged ≥55 years. As both of increased breast density and alcohol consumption have been suggested to increase risk of breast cancer, more cautious mammographic screening should be considered for those women aged ≥55 years.

Citation Format: Uchida K, Ohashi H, Kitano N, Tsunoda K, Nagamatsu T, Sekine C, Imawari Y, Nogi H, Takeyama H. Alcohol consumption increases mammographic density in women aged ≥55 years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-16.

Quantum chemical approach for highly durable anion exchange groups in solid-state alkaline fuel cells

The durability of anion exchange groups against OH⁻ ion that decomposed fast.

Temperature Dependence of Magnetically Active Charge Excitations in Magnetite across the Verwey Transition

We study the electronic structure of bulk single crystals and epitaxial films of Fe_{3}O_{4}. Fe 2p core level spectra show clear differences between hard x-ray (HAX) and soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The bulk-sensitive spectra exhibit temperature (T) dependence across the Verwey transition, which is missing in the surface-sensitive spectra. By using an extended impurity Anderson full-multiplet model-and in contrast to an earlier peak assignment-we show that the two distinct Fe species (A and B site) and the charge modulation at the B site are responsible for the newly found double peaks in the main peak above T_{V} and its T-dependent evolution. The Fe 2p HAXPES spectra show a clear magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in the metallic phase of magnetized 100-nm-thick films. The model calculations also reproduce the MCD and identify the contributions from magnetically distinct A and B sites. Valence band HAXPES shows a finite density of states at E_{F} for the polaronic half metal with a remnant order above T_{V} and a clear gap formation below T_{V}. The results indicate that the Verwey transition is driven by changes in the strongly correlated and magnetically active B-site electronic states, consistent with resistivity and optical spectra.

Acute type A aortic dissection repair with mild-to-moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion

AIM

The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical results of aortic repair with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP) and mild-to-moderate hypothermia (MH) from 28 to 31°C comparing with previous series with hypothermia from 20°C to 27 °C.

METHODS

Between 2000 and 2011, 109 consecutive patients underwent surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection with circulatory arrest and ASCP and MH in our institution. Mean patient age was 67±11 years old. Total arch replacement was performed in 85 patients (78%). Thirty (27%) patients had shock status preoperatively. The patients were divided into two different subsets, which is group A (circulatory arrest at less than 27.9 °C, N.=70), and group B (at more than 28 °C, N.=39).

RESULTS

The mean extra-corporeal circulation time was 185±47 minutes in group A and 155±38 minutes in group B (P<0.001). The hospital mortality was 11.4% in group A and 10.3% in group B (P>0.05). Permanent neurological deficit occurred in 10 patients (14.3%) in group A, and in 5 (12.8%) in group B (P>0.05). Two (2.8%) paraplegia occurred in group A, and none in group B (P>0.05). The incidence of renal failure requiring hemodialysis was 17.1% in group A and 7.7% in group B, (P>0.05). Respiratory failure after surgery occurred in 27.1% of patients in group A, and 5.1% in group B (P=0.005).

CONCLUSION

Circulatory arrest at more than 28 °C offered sufficient cerebral and distal organ protection for acute type A aortic dissection.

Electronic excitations of a magnetic impurity state in the diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As

The electronic structure of doped Mn in (Ga,Mn)As is studied by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. From configuration-interaction cluster-model calculations, the line shapes of the Mn L3 resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra can be explained by d-d excitations from the Mn ground state dominated by charge-transferred states, in which hole carriers are bound to the Mn impurities, rather than a pure acceptor Mn2+ ground state. Unlike archetypical d-d excitation, the peak widths are broader than the experimental energy resolution. We attribute the broadening to a finite lifetime of the d-d excitations, which decay rapidly to electron-hole pairs in the host valence and conduction bands through the hybridization of the Mn 3d orbital with the ligand band.

Cytomegalovirus-induced small intestinal bleeding complicated with cutaneous vasculitis: a case report

Abstract A 17-year-old woman who was being treated with prednisolone for cutaneous vasculitis developed recurrent massive melena and abdominal pain. An emergency resection was performed because of uncontrollable melena, revealing many small intestinal ulcers with cytomegalic inclusion bodies, which were found by immunopathological staining. However, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia (CMV-Ag) assay and the IgM antibody titer for CMV were negative on admission. This case indicates that a high state of alertness for CMV infection in immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal bleeding is required even if the CMV-Ag assay and IgM antibody are both negative.

RISING beamline (BL28XU) for rechargeable battery analysis

The newly installed BL28XU beamline at SPring-8 is dedicated to in situ structural and electronic analysis of rechargeable batteries. It supports the time range (1 ms to 100 s) and spatial range (1 µm to 1 mm) needed for battery analysis. Electrochemical apparatus for battery charging and discharging are available in experimental hutches and in a preparation room. Battery analysis can be carried out efficiently and effectively using X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here, the design and performance of the beamline are described, and preliminary results are presented.

Coffin-Siris syndrome is a SWI/SNF complex disorder

Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a congenital disorder characterized by intellectual disability, growth deficiency, microcephaly, coarse facial features, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails and/or toenails. We previously reported that five genes are mutated in CSS, all of which encode subunits of the switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex: SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, ARID1A, and ARID1B. In this study, we examined 49 newly recruited CSS-suspected patients, and re-examined three patients who did not show any mutations (using high-resolution melting analysis) in the previous study, by whole-exome sequencing or targeted resequencing. We found that SMARCB1, SMARCA4, or ARID1B were mutated in 20 patients. By examining available parental samples, we ascertained that 17 occurred de novo. All mutations in SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 were non-truncating (missense or in-frame deletion) whereas those in ARID1B were all truncating (nonsense or frameshift deletion/insertion) in this study as in our previous study. Our data further support that CSS is a SWI/SNF complex disorder.

Efficient and inducible production of human interleukin 6 in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a novel expression system

High level and inducible production of human interleukin 6 (hIL-6) was achieved using a novel expression system in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this system, the transcription of hIL-6 gene under the control of PhCMV*-1 promoter composed of tetracycline operator sequences and a minimal promoter is activated by a chimeric transactivator (tTA) composed of tetracycline repressor and transactivating domain of VP16 protein of herpes simplex virus. The transcription of tTA gene, which is also under the control of PhCMV*-1 promoter, is activated by itself via a positive feedback cycle. The expression of both genes is further enhanced by potentiating the VP16 transactivating domain of tTA transactivator with pX protein of hepatitis B virus. In the presence of tetracycline, the tTA transactivators can not bind to PhCMV*-1 promoter, therefore, the expression of hIL-6 and tTA gene is suppressed, and the pX will not activate basal transcription. In the absence of tetracycline, tTA transactivators bind to PhCMV*-1 promoter and activate efficient transcription of hIL-6 and tTA gene, and the transcription is further enhanced by pX via VP16 transactivating domain. Using this strategy, we isolated a clone (UX1) producing hIL-6 at a rate about 1425 ng/10(6) cells/day. Furthermore, the hIL-6 production is stringently regulated by tetracycline. This results suggested a novel strategy to establish highly efficient, inducible and cell type independent recombinant protein production system by using an artificial promoter to recruit transactivators and coactivators which can synergistically activate transcription.

Productivity enhancement of recombinant protein in CHO cells via specific promoter activation by oncogenes

To construct a recombinant protein highly producing cell lines, we have previously developed the Oncogene Activated Production (OAP) system by using BHK-21 cells. Here we verified the availability of the OAP system in CHO cells. We firstly generated 'primed' ras amplified CHO cells, ras clone I, by introducing human c-Ha-ras oncogene into CHO cells. This ras clone I enables quick and easy establishment of recombinant protein hyper producing cell lines by introduction reporter gene of interest. Then we generated I13 by introducing human interleukin 6 (hIL-6) gene as a reporter gene, which showed enhanced productivity rate as compared to A7 established by conventional method. Furthermore, we found that hIL-6 production level of I13 was slightly improved by raising the CO(2) concentration from 5 to 8% possibly because of the enhanced growth rate. We further introduced the E1A oncogene, which has been shown to have a synergistic effect on the recombinant protein production of the ras-amplified BHK-21 cells, then evaluated the productivity. When culture in 5% CO(2) condition, only the slight effect can be seen. However when cultured in 8% CO(2) condition, not only cell number, but also productivity increased significantly, resulted in great augmentation of hIL-6 production, maximum production being 88.6 mug/ml/3 days. This study demonstrates that recombinant protein production level reached commercially desirable level by utilizing our OAP system in CHO cells and optimizing the culture condition.

Thrombopoietin stimulates proliferation and megakaryocytic differentiation of mouse pro-B cell line BF-TE22

We have isolated and characterized a thrombopoietin (TPO)-dependent BF-TE22 cell line endogenously expressing murine Mpl, which is a subclone of murine pro-B Ba/F3 cells. TPO stimulated the proliferation of BF-TE22 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and also induced the expression of megakaryocyte lineage-specific AP-51 and CD61 cell surface antigens. The results indicate that the murine Mpl on BF-TE22 cells can transmit both proliferation and megakaryocyte lineage-specific differentiation signals to cells. Furthermore, it was shown that IL-3 inhibits the TPO-induced differentiation signals of BF-TE22 cells. These results suggest that the signals mediated by IL-3 predominate over those of TPO in BF-TE22 cells. Thus, BF-TE22 cells will be useful for the biological and biochemical studies of the TPO-Mpl signal transduction mechanism.

Successful treatment of monomorphic primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder 5 years after kidney transplantation

A 31-year-old man underwent living-related kidney transplantation in 2004 as a consequence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Four years after the transplantation, we confirmed nephrotic syndrome caused by recurrent FSGS. We performed plasmapheresis and low-density lipoprotein adsorption. We also combined steroid therapy with a reduction in the dose of tacrolimus and an increased dose of mycophenolate mofetil. The nephrotic syndrome improved dramatically with this combined therapeutic approach. However, 10 months after these treatments, he revisited our hospital because of altered consciousness. We detected multiple tumor masses in his brain that were ring enhanced on contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Consequently, we suspected primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD). We performed a craniotomy to biopsy the brain tumors. The biopsy specimen showed Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There is no definitive treatment for CNS-PTLD. Therefore, we treated the primary CNS-PTLD successfully with whole-brain radiation and discontinuation of immunosuppression therapy.

Enhanced nonlinear double excitation of He in intense extreme ultraviolet laser fields

Nonlinear, three-photon double excitation of He in intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser fields (∼24.1  eV, ∼5  TW/cm2) is presented. Resonances to the doubly excited states converging to the He+ N=3 level are revealed by the shot-by-shot photoelectron spectroscopy and identified by theoretical calculations based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the two-electron atom under a laser field. It is shown that the three-photon double excitation is enhanced by intermediate Rydberg states below the first ionization threshold, giving a greater contribution to the photoionization yields than the two-photon process by more than 1 order of magnitude.

Scanning photoelectron microscope for nanoscale three-dimensional spatial-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

In order to achieve nondestructive observation of the three-dimensional spatially resolved electronic structure of solids, we have developed a scanning photoelectron microscope system with the capability of depth profiling in electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). We call this system 3D nano-ESCA. For focusing the x-ray, a Fresnel zone plate with a diameter of 200 μm and an outermost zone width of 35 nm is used. In order to obtain the angular dependence of the photoelectron spectra for the depth-profile analysis without rotating the sample, we adopted a modified VG Scienta R3000 analyzer with an acceptance angle of 60° as a high-resolution angle-resolved electron spectrometer. The system has been installed at the University-of-Tokyo Materials Science Outstation beamline, BL07LSU, at SPring-8. From the results of the line-scan profiles of the poly-Si/high-k gate patterns, we achieved a total spatial resolution better than 70 nm. The capability of our system for pinpoint depth-profile analysis and high-resolution chemical state analysis is demonstrated.

Second-order autocorrelation of XUV FEL pulses via time resolved two-photon single ionization of He

Second-order autocorrelation spectra of XUV free-electron laser pulses from the Spring-8 Compact SASE Source (SCSS) have been recorded by time and momentum resolved detection of two-photon single ionization of He at 20.45 eV using a split-mirror delay-stage in combination with high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS). From the autocorrelation trace we extract a coherence time of 8 ± 2 fs and a mean pulse duration of 28 ± 5 fs, much shorter than estimations based on electron bunch-length measurements. Simulations within the partial coherence model [Opt. Lett. 35, 3441 (2010)] are in agreement with experiment if a pulse-front tilt across the FEL beam diameter is taken into account that leads to a temporal shift of about 6 fs between both pulse replicas.