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Li Y, Yang J, Gu G, Guo X, He C, Sun J, Zou H, Wang H, Liu S, Li X, Zhang S, Wang K, Yang L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Sun X. Pulmonary Delivery of Theranostic Nanoclusters for Lung Cancer Ferroptosis with Enhanced Chemodynamic/Radiation Synergistic Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:963-972. [PMID: 35073699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient tumor accumulation and penetration remain as the main challenges to therapy efficacy of lung cancer. Local delivery of smart nanoclusters can increase drug penetration and provide superior antitumor effects than systemic routes. Here, we report self-assembled pH-sensitive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters (SPIONCs) that enhance in situ ferroptosis and apoptosis with radiotherapy and chemodynamic therapy. After pulmonary delivery in orthotopic lung cancer, SPIONCs disintegrate into smaller nanoparticles and release more iron ions in an acidic microenvironment. Under single-dose X-ray irradiation, endogenous superoxide dismutase converts superoxide radicals produced by mitochondria to hydrogen peroxide, which in turn generates hydroxyl radicals by the Fenton reaction from iron ions accumulated inside the tumor. Finally, irradiation and iron ions enhance tumor lipid peroxidation and induce cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, rationally designed pulmonary delivered nanoclusters provide a promising strategy for noninvasive imaging of lung cancer and synergistic therapy.
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Chen H, Li Y, Qi Y, Wang M, Zou H, Zhao X. Critical Current Density and Meissner Effect of Smart Meta-Superconductor MgB 2 and Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030972. [PMID: 35160918 PMCID: PMC8840483 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The smart meta-superconductor MgB2 and Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO increase the superconducting transition temperature (TC), but the changes in the transport critical current density (JC) and Meissner effect are still unknown. Here, we investigated the JC and Meissner effect of smart meta-superconductor MgB2 and Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO. The use of the standard four-probe method shows that Y2O3:Eu3+ and Y2O3:Eu3++Ag inhomogeneous phase significantly increase the JC, and JC decreases to a minimum value at a higher temperature. The Meissner effect was measured by direct current magnetization. The doping of Y2O3:Eu3+ and Y2O3:Eu3++Ag luminescent inhomogeneous phase causes a Meissner effect of MgB2 and Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO at a higher temperature, while the non-luminescent dopant reduces the temperature at which samples have Meissner effect. The introduction of luminescent inhomogeneous phase in conventional MgB2 and copper oxide high-temperature Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO superconductor increases the TC and JC, and Meissner effect is exerted at higher temperature. Therefore, smart meta-superconductivity is suitable for conventional and copper oxide high-temperature superconductors.
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Li Y, Kang S, Halawani D, Wang Y, Junqueira Alves C, Ramakrishnan A, Estill M, Shen L, Li F, He X, Friedel RH, Zou H. Macrophages facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration by organizing regeneration tracks through Plexin-B2. Genes Dev 2022; 36:133-148. [PMID: 35086862 PMCID: PMC8887133 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349063.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Li et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of peripheral nerves, which is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types. They demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerve. The regeneration of peripheral nerves is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types, but the underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerves. Conditional deletion of Plexin-B2 in myeloid lineage resulted in not only macrophage misalignment but also matrix disarray and Schwann cell disorganization, leading to misguided axons and delayed functional recovery. Plexin-B2 is not required for macrophage recruitment or activation but enables macrophages to steer clear of colliding axons, in particular the growth cones at the tip of regenerating axons, leading to parallel alignment postcollision. Together, our studies unveil a novel reparative function of macrophages and the importance of Plexin-B2-mediated collision-dependent contact avoidance between macrophages and regenerating axons in forming regeneration tracks during peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Sattiraju A, Marallano V, Chen Z, Kang S, Brusco C, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Hambardzumyan D, Friedel RH, Zou H. Abstract P022: Reciprocal influence of immune response and tumor hypoxia during glioblastoma progression. Cancer Immunol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm21-p022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is linked to poor outcome for glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant brain cancer, but underlying mechanisms and instigators that initiate tumor hypoxia remain unclear. We tracked tumor hypoxia in GBM in mice using a sensitive fluorescent reporter. We revealed that tumor hypoxia functions as a critical link between immune cells and tumor cells that drives malignant potency and immunosuppression in GBM. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that hypoxic GBM cells are quiescent, display a mesenchymal transition, are more represented in recurrent GBM and predict worse patient outcome. Interestingly, the in vivo GBM hypoxia gene signatures surprisingly showed an enrichment for immune pathways. We unveiled two potential mechanisms of hypoxia-induced immunosuppression: by sequestrating activated immune cells in hypoxia zones, thus limiting inflammatory spread and cutting off immune cell communication, and by reprograming entrapped immune cells towards an immunotolerant state. Reciprocally, entrapped TAMs release CCL8 and IL1β as hypoxic niche factors that not only reinforce immune cell retainment in hypoxic cores, but also shape the transcriptional response of hypoxic GBM cells. Contrary to the conventional viewpoint that hypoxia arises from rapid tumor expansion outstripping vascular supply, we discovered anticancer immunity as an important driving force of tumor hypoxia; attenuating immune responses by implanting GBM in host mice with immunodeficiency or IL1β deletion greatly decreased GBM hypoxia. Altogether, our study revealed a reciprocal influence of anticancer immunity and tumor hypoxia, which has significant ramifications for prognosis and immunotherapy for GBM.
Citation Format: Anirudh Sattiraju, Valerie Marallano, Zhihong Chen, Sangjo Kang, Concetta Brusco, Aarthi Ramakrishnan, Li Shen, Dolores Hambardzumyan, Roland H. Friedel, Hongyan Zou. Reciprocal influence of immune response and tumor hypoxia during glioblastoma progression [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr P022.
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Yang J, Kong D, Wu H, Shen Z, Zou H, Zhao W, Huang G. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Chemoselective Double-Alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-Diynes: A Computational Study. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed double-alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-diynes provides an efficient approach for the selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes. In this report, density functional theory calculations have been performed to elucidate the...
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Kong B, Yang T, Cheng F, Qian Y, Li C, Zhan L, Li Y, Zou H, Huang C. Carbon dots as nanocatalytic medicine for anti-inflammation therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:545-553. [PMID: 34971965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is one of the crucial mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation. So, the development of nanocatalytic medicine to catalyze the ROS-scavenging reactions in pathological regions are promising for anti-inflammatory therapy. Herein, a type of biocompatible metal free carbon dots is prepared via a hydrothermal method which can exhibit peroxidase (POD)-like, catalase (CAT)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities. It has been found that the carbon dots have the capability to efficiently deplete the excessive ROS such as peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) for their abundant functional groups. After the tail injection in mice with liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, the carbon dots efficiently reduced the excessive production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Both in vitro and in vivo results endowed the biocompatible carbon dots with great potential in nanocatalytic medicine for the treatment of disease.
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Cao L, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zou H, Zhan L, Huang C. Self-Targeting Carbon Quantum Dots for Peroxynitrite Detection and Imaging in Live Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16466-16473. [PMID: 34860486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated mainly in mitochondria, has been identified to be associated with numerous pathophysiological processes, and thus accurate ONOO- imaging with superior sensitivity and selectivity is highly desirable. Herein, we prepared a new type of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with mitochondria-targeting function without the aid of any targeting molecules via a simple one-step hydrothermal route. The as-prepared CQDs not only displayed relatively uniform size distribution, few surface defects, high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility but also exhibited good selective fluorescence turn-off response toward ONOO-, owing to the oxidation of amino groups on the surface of carbon dots. A great linear correlation between the quenching efficiency and ONOO- concentration in the range from 0.15 to 1.0 μM with a detection limit of 38.9 nM is shown. Moreover, the as-prepared CQDs acting as a functional optical probe through a self-targeting mechanism were successfully applied for in situ visualization of endogenous ONOO- generated in the mitochondria of live cells, providing great promise for elucidating the complex biological roles of ONOO- in related pathological processes.
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Sattiraju A, Kang S, Marallano V, Brusco C, Chen Z, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Hambardzumyan D, Friedel R, Zou H. TAMI-59. RECIPROCAL IMPACT OF CANCER IMMUNITY AND TUMOR HYPOXIA DURING GLIOBLASTOMA PROGRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is linked to poor outcome for glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant brain cancer, but the underlying mechanisms and the environmental factors that initiate tumor hypoxia are poorly understood. We tracked tumor hypoxia in GBM in immunocompetent mice with a hypoxia sensitive fluorescent reporter combined with single cell transcriptomics. We found that hypoxic GBM cells are quiescent, immunosuppressive and display a mesenchymal transition, all of which are linked to malignant potency. We also captured in vivo hypoxia gene signature, which is more represented in recurrent GBM and predicts worse outcome. Interestingly, hypoxic GBM cells is a diverse population, consisted of four subclusters, and enriched for immune pathways. Concordantly, our reporter highlighted a distinct geographic pattern of immune cells in hypoxic regions, with phagocytic tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) congregated in hypoxic cores confined by hypoxic GBM cells in pseudo-palisading patterns. Mechanistically, this is a dynamic temporospatial process, requiring cytokine CCL8. Remarkably, the sequestered TAMs also experience hypoxia, and they are reprogrammed to express immunotolerant markers by factors released from hypoxic GBM cells. Contrary to the conventional viewpoint that hypoxia arises from rapid tumor expansion outstripping vascular supply, we discovered anticancer immunity as an important driving force of tumor hypoxia; attenuating immune responses by implanting GBM in host mice with immunodeficiency or IL1β deletion greatly decreased GBM hypoxia. Analyses of human patient GBM samples highlighted a connection of mesenchymal subtype, immune response, and tumor hypoxia, all contributing to poor survival. Altogether, our study revealed a reciprocal influence of anti-tumor immunity and tumor hypoxia, which has significant ramifications for prognosis and immunotherapy for GBM.
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Friedel R, Huang Y, Tejero R, Alves CJ, Brusco C, Hannah T, Lee V, Dai G, Zou H. TAMI-60. MODULATION OF CELL BIOMECHANICS THROUGH GUIDANCE RECEPTOR PLEXIN-B2 FACILITATES GLIOBLASTOMA INFILTRATION. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Infiltrative growth is a major cause of the high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). The study of the contribution of biomechanical processes to GBM invasion is an emerging field. We show here that GBM cells upregulate the guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness by modulating their biomechanical properties. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies have established Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness. Ongoing investigations focus on the regulation of the biomechanical properties of cell membrane and cell actomyosin cortex through plexins that provide GBM cells with the mechanical dynamics to penetrate to restricted space.
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Marallano V, Sattiraju A, Zou H, Friedel R. TAMI-61. EXAMINING THE ROLE OF HYPOXIA INDUCED GENES CXCR4 AND NXPH4 IN INVASION OF HYPOXIC GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen) has been associated with adverse effects in tumor biology by exaggerating the capabilities of invasion, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. We engineered glioblastoma (GBM) proneural cells with a novel hypoxia reporter, HRE-UnaG, to study areas of tumor hypoxia and the effects that these hypoxic cells have on tumorigenesis. Single cell RNA-seq analysis from a mouse intracranially injected with our HRE dUnaG GBM cells revealed a shift to a mesenchymal state upon hypoxia (detected by expression of UnaG). Two genes, CXCR4 and NXPH4, were identified as being specifically induced in the hypoxic population. Our studies focus on the hypothesis that these two hypoxia induced genes, CXCR4 and NXPH4, are upregulated in hypoxic GBM cells, which may allow tumor cells to become more aggressive and resistant to conventional forms of therapies. GBM cells will be transduced with lentiviral vectors for Dox inducible shRNA knockdown of CXCR4 or NXPH4 to test specific contribution of these genes to the phenotype of the hypoxic population, with particular focus on the change in invasion and overall tumor burden upon gene silencing.
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Kang S, Sattiraju A, Li Y, Wahane S, Hanna T, Friedel R, Zou H. TAMI-21. TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MICROGLIA GUIDE GBM INFILTRATION VIA PLEXIN-B2. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. The nature of invasiveness of GBM makes complete surgical resection difficult. However, how GBM cells achieve wide infiltration in the brain is poorly understood. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain can support GBM growth and invasion, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that microglia are activated in a wide field away from tumor boundaries, ahead of tumor cell infiltration. Invading GBM cells are in close contact with microglia, progressively aligned with one another in the direction of tumor invasion. Moreover, ECM is also aligned with the infiltrating tumor and microglia, which may serve as invasion tracks in the brain. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that microglia direct cellular alignment and ECM remodeling in the invasion tracks through an axon guidance receptor Plexin-B2. Myeloid-specific ablation of Plexin-B2 perturbs microglia and tumor cell alignment, microglia migration, ECM organization, and GBM invasiveness. Together, our data reveal a hitherto under-appreciated role of microglia in providing directional cues for GBM invasion through physical interaction and alignment of ECM and tumor cells, thus providing new insights and novel molecular targets in curbing GBM invasion.
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Tan SY, Zou H, Yang C, Chen G, Chen S. [The study of the impact by atractylenolide-1 on inflammatory cytokine, autophagy and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages of silicosis patients]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2021; 39:721-725. [PMID: 34727650 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200601-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of atractylenolide-1 (ATL-Ⅰ) on alveolar macrophages in silicosis patients. Methods: In December 2019, 12 male silicosis patients treated in Beidaihe Sanatorium for Chinese Coal Miners from July to September 2019 were selected by random sampling. Their alveolar macrophages were collected and divided into control group, ATL-Ⅰ group (100 μmol/L) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (100 μmol/L) . The exprossion levels of inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of autophagy associated protein microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) , autophagy substrate protein p62, lysosome associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) , apoptosis associated protein Cleaved caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its phosphorylated form (p-NF-κB) were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group and DMSO group, the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in alveolar macrophages decreased significantly in the ATL-Ⅰ group (P<0.05) , and the expression levels of p-NF-κB, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ also decreased significantly in the ATL-Ⅰ group (P<0.05) . However, the expression levels of NF-κB, LAMP2, p62 and Cleaved caspase-3 in the ATL-Ⅰ group were not statistically different from those in the control group and DMSO group (P>0.05) . There was no statistically significant differences in the expression of the above indexes between the control group and DMSO group (P>0.05) . Conclusion: ATL-Ⅰ may reduce the release of inflammatory factors from alveolar macrophages and inhibit the activity of autophagy in silicosis patients, but it may not reduce the level of apoptosis.
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Chen X, Dang H, Chen Q, Chen Z, Ma Y, Liu X, Lin P, Zou H, Xiong H. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves Eustachian tube function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter prospective study. Rhinology 2021; 59:560-566. [PMID: 34608896 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often have Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) symptoms. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on improvement of Eustachian tube function in CRS patients with ETD from a Chinese population and determine factors associated with improvement. METHODS A prospective study was performed in CRS patients with ETD who underwent ESS from 3 tertiary medical centers in south China. The Eustachian tube Dysfunction Questionnaire 7 (ETDQ-7), Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22), tympanograms, endoscopic findings and Valsalva maneuver were recorded and analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. RESULTS A total of 70 CRS patients with ETD were included in this study. The ETDQ-7 score and the ability of positive Valsalva maneuver in CRS patients were significantly improved postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. The number of patients with type A tympanogram was increased postoperatively. Reduced Eustachian tube mucosal inflammation was also observed postoperatively. In addition, ESS appeared to reverse slight tympanic membrane atelectasis after 8-12 weeks. Moreover, improvement in tympanogram was presented in more than half of CRS patients with concomitant otitis media with effusion postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed failure of normalization of ETDQ-7 postoperatively was associated with concomitant allergic rhinitis and higher preoperative SNOT-22 score. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms Eustachian tube function is often improved after ESS in CRS patients with ETD. Concomitant allergic rhinitis and higher preoperative SNOT-22 score are associated with failure of normalization of ETD symptoms.
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Zhong R, Zou H, Gao J, Wang T, Bu Q, Wang ZL, Hu M, Wang Z. A critical review on the distribution and ecological risk assessment of steroid hormones in the environment in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147452. [PMID: 33975111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During past two decades, steroid hormones have raised significant public concerns due to their potential adverse effects on the hormonal functions of aquatic organisms and humans. Considering China being a big producer and consumer of steroid hormones, we summarize the current contamination status of steroid hormones in different environmental compartments in China, and preliminarily assess the associated risks to ecological systems. The results show that steroid hormones are ubiquitously present in Chinese surface waters where estrogens are the most studied steroids compared with androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids. Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and estriol (E3) are generally the dominant steroid estrogens in Chinese surface waters, whereas for the other steroids, androsterone (ADR), epi-androsterone (EADR), progesterone (PGT), cortisol (CRL) and cortisone (CRN) have relatively large contributions. Meanwhile, the investigations for the other environmental media such as particles, sediments, soils and groundwater have been limited, as well as for steroid conjugates and metabolites. The median risk quotients of most steroid hormones in surface waters and sediments are lower than 1, indicating low to moderate risks to local organisms. This review provides a full picture of steroid distribution and ecological risks in China, which may be useful for future monitoring and risk assessment. More studies may focus on the analysis of steroid conjugates, metabolites, solid phase fractions, analytical method development and acute/chronic toxicities in different matrices to pursue a more precise and holistic risk assessment.
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Lin R, Zhu J, Li X, Lv X, Liu J, Wu M, Luo Y, Lu M, Chen H, Zou H, Zhang Z, Lin S, Zhou M, Zhao S, Huang C. 1444P Intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) vs oral opioid to maintain analgesia for severe cancer pain after successful hydromorphone (HM) titration: A multi-center, phase II randomized trial (HMORCT09-2). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Deng Z, Zhen J, Harrison GF, Zhang G, Chen R, Sun G, Yu Q, Nemat-Gorgani N, Guethlein LA, He L, Tang M, Gao X, Cai S, Palmer WH, Shortt JA, Gignoux CR, Carrington M, Zou H, Parham P, Hong W, Norman PJ. Adaptive Admixture of HLA Class I Allotypes Enhanced Genetically Determined Strength of Natural Killer Cells in East Asians. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2582-2596. [PMID: 33616658 PMCID: PMC8136484 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are essential for controlling infection, cancer, and fetal development. NK cell functions are modulated by interactions between polymorphic inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C ligands expressed on tissue cells. All HLA-C alleles encode a KIR ligand and contribute to reproduction and immunity. In contrast, only some HLA-A and -B alleles encode KIR ligands and they focus on immunity. By high-resolution analysis of KIR and HLA-A, -B, and -C genes, we show that the Chinese Southern Han (CHS) are significantly enriched for interactions between inhibitory KIR and HLA-A and -B. This enrichment has had substantial input through population admixture with neighboring populations, who contributed HLA class I haplotypes expressing the KIR ligands B*46:01 and B*58:01, which subsequently rose to high frequency by natural selection. Consequently, over 80% of Southern Han HLA haplotypes encode more than one KIR ligand. Complementing the high number of KIR ligands, the CHS KIR locus combines a high frequency of genes expressing potent inhibitory KIR, with a low frequency of those expressing activating KIR. The Southern Han centromeric KIR region encodes strong, conserved, inhibitory HLA-C-specific receptors, and the telomeric region provides a high number and diversity of inhibitory HLA-A and -B-specific receptors. In all these characteristics, the CHS represent other East Asians, whose NK cell repertoires are thus enhanced in quantity, diversity, and effector strength, likely augmenting resistance to endemic viral infections.
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Li F, Zhang MB, Xie HW, Zou H, Zhou LF, Luan YQ, Quan CJ. [Evaluation of kurtosis on hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise in general equipment manufacturing industry]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2021; 39:487-492. [PMID: 34365756 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200601-00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of occupational exposure to non-steady state noise on hearing loss in the general equipment manufacturing industry, and to explore the feasibility of applying kurtosis index to evaluate hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise. Methods: A total of 233 workers exposed to non-steady state noise in 6 general equipment manufacturing enterprises were selected as the observation group, and 237 workers exposed to steady noise in 4 textile enterprises were selected as the control group between 2012 and 2018. Personal normalized continuous A-weighted sound pressure level equivalent to an 8 h-working-day (L(Aeq, 8 h)) was determined by a noise dosimeter. Cumulation noise exposure (CNE) was calculated from L(Aeq, 8 h) and related working age, and the CNE was adjusted by using noise kurtosis (CNE' after adjustment) . Meanwhile, questionnaires and hearing loss tests were performed for all subjects. The changes in the threshold of high-frequency hearing and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss caused by noise in the two groups were compared before and after the adjustment of the kurtosis of CNE. The correlation between CNE and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss before and after kurtosis adjustment was analyzed. Results: There was an difference between the 3000-8000 Hz hearing threshold of workers in different CNE groups (P<0.05) . logistic regression analysis showed that CNE was a risk factor of high-frequency hearing loss for workers in the observation group (OR=1.189, P<0.05) , and trend Chi-square test showed that the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss increased with CNE levels (χ(2)(trend)=34.415, P<0.05) .Before the kurtosis adjustment, in the CNE 95~<110 dB (A) ·year level group, the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss and the high-frequency hearing threshold in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) . After kurtosis adjustment, there was no significant difference in the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss between the observation group and the control group in each level group (P>0.05) . The correlation between CNE after kurtosis adjustment and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss was better than that before adjustment (after R(2) adjustment >before R(2) adjustment) . Conclusion: The effect of non-steady state noise on high-frequency hearing loss of workers in general equipment industry increases with the increase of CNE, and the effect of non-steady state noise on high-frequency hearing loss of workers is greater than that of steady noise. CNE' can be used to evaluate the hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise.
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Zou H, Chair SY, Cao X. Psychological stress and its correlates in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab060.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
None.
Background
Psychological stress is associated with high incidence of coronary heart disease and increases the risk of mortality and poor health status. Although a few studies have investigated psychological stress in this population, this problem is usually unrecognized and untreated in most Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome. There is insufficient information regarding the features of psychological stress and associated factors among this population.
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the level of psychological stress and to identify its correlates in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Methods
Patients aged over 18 years and with acute coronary syndrome were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey in two tertiary public hospitals in China, from June to July 2019. A total of 332 patients completed measures of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, psychological stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale), and illness perception (Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire). Independent sample t-tests, bivariate correlations, and multivariable linear regression were performed to analyze potential correlates, including age, gender, education level, employment status, income, episode of illness, revascularization procedure, comorbidities, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and illness perception.
Results
The average patient age was 62.2 years, 67.5% were male, and 54.2% had less than high school education. The mean score for psychological stress was 21.30 ± 3.99 and 66.9% of patients had high psychological stress (score ≥ 20). Multivariable regression analysis showed that being overweight/obesity versus normal weight (body mass index: ≥ 24 kg/m2 versus < 24 kg/m2) was associated with lower psychological stress (β = -0.134, p = 0.007). Having a high level of fasting blood glucose (≥ 6.1 mmol/L) versus normal fasting blood glucose (< 6.1 mmol/L) was associated with high psychological stress (β = 0.123, p = 0.017). Additionally, negative cognitive illness perception (β = 0.190, p = 0.01), negative emotional illness perception (β = 0.290, p < 0.001), and poor illness understanding (β = 0.118, p = 0.032) were associated with high psychological stress.
Conclusions
Patients with acute coronary syndrome experience high psychological stress that is significantly correlated with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and illness perception. Health professionals should recognize this issue and interventions looking to relive psychological stress may benefit from targeting these correlates.
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Chen C, Yang S, Jiang Z, Wan W, Zou H, Liang M. POS0884 THE ENHANCED LIVER FIBROSIS (ELF) SCORE AS A BIOMARKER OF SKIN FIBROSIS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Serum fibrotic markers for systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain limited. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score, originally derived and validated in patients with chronic liver disease, is an algorithm combining 3 serum markers, known as procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and hyaluronic acid (HA). The combined score was proved to be superior to the single components in reflecting the severity of liver fibrosis. However, the performance of ELF score and its components has not been fully validated in SSc.Objectives:To investigate PIIINP, TIMP-1, HA, and the combined algorithm ELF score as fibrotic markers for SSc skin involvement.Methods:Eighty SSc patients (44 dcSSc and 36 lcSSc), fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria with the absence of chronic liver diseases, were enrolled. Eighty age- and sex- matched healthy controls were also included. Serum PIIINP and HA levels were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum TIMP-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ELF score was calculated using the formula ELF score= 2.494 + 0.846*ln(HA) + 0.735*ln(PIIINP) + 0.391*ln(TIMP-1). Results were correlated with clinical profiles including modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and interstitial lung disease (ILD).Results:Compared with healthy controls, patients with SSc showed significantly elevated serum PIIINP (11.2±4.8 vs. 5.73±1.4μg/L, p<0.001), TIMP-I (123.7±78.6 vs. 67.8±26.5 ng/ml, p<0.001), and ELF score (10.5±0.9 vs. 9.7±0.4, P<0.001). Even higher levels of PIIINP, TIMP-1, and ELF score were observed in dcSSc patients, compared with lcSSc patients (p<0.001, p=0.024, p=0.003, respectively). No significant difference was found in the levels of serum HA between patients and controls. Strong correlations were observed between mRSS and ELF score (r=0.54, p<0.001), and between mRSS and PIIINP(r=0.62, p<0.001), whereas only weak correlations could be observed between mRSS and TIMP-1 (r=0.28, p=0.02), and between mRSS and HA (r=0.26, p=0.03). When stratified by ELF score, using cutoffs proposed for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, SSc patients with ELF<9.8 showed the lowest mRSS on average, while patients with ELF>11.3 showed the highest (p<0.001). When stratified by serum PIIINP levels, using the 25th and 75th percentiles, SSc patients with serum PIIIINP levels<7.8μg/L showed the lowest mRSS on average, while patients with PIIINP>14.0μg/L showed the highest (p<0.001). Neither the ELF score nor its components showed significant difference between patients with and without ILD.Conclusion:The ELF score could be used for reflecting the severity of overall skin involvement in SSc, and serum PIIINP also increased in parallel with the increase of mRSS. Longitudinal prospective studies exploring ELF score or serum PIIINP as fibrotic markers and outcome measures of SSc are warranted.References:[1]Lichtinghagen R, Pietsch D, Bantel H, et al. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score: Normal values, influence factors and proposed cut-off values. Journal of Hepatology. 2013; 59: 236-42.[2]Abignano G, Blagojevic J, Bissell LA, et al. European multicentre study validates enhanced liver fibrosis test as biomarker of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2019; 58: 254-59.Figure 1.Correlations of mRSS with ELF score (A) and serum PIIINP (B) and distribution of mRSS among different ELF (C) and PIIINP (D) ranges.Acknowledgements:The authors have no acknowledgements to declare.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Chen C, Yang S, Jiang Z, Wan W, Zou H, Liang M. POS0869 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ANTI-INTERFERON-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 16 ANTIBODIES FOR DIGITAL ULCERS OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI-16) is constitutively expressed in vascular endothelial cells and can inhibit the proliferation of human endothelial cells and the formation of capillary-like structures in vitro. Anti-IFI-16 antibodies were reported in 21%-29% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and were associated with digital vascular events in a few retrospective studies.Objectives:To evaluate the presence and the clinical implication of anti-IFI-16 antibodies in Chinese SSc cohort, focusing on the associations with vasculopathy indexes, and to investigate the predictive value of anti-IFI-16 antibodies for the development of digital ulcers (DUs) in SSc prospectively.Methods:Patients with SSc presenting to our center between July 2018 and September 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Serum from 42 SSc patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were analyzed for anti-IFI-16 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and was considered positive if the optical density (OD) value was above the mean OD of controls plus two standard deviations. Tissue immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression of IFI16 in skin biopsy samples obtained from SSc patients and normal controls. At baseline, nailfold video-capillaroscopy was performed to assess nailfold capillary density of SSc patients. Power Doppler ultrasound was used to grade finger pulp blood flow (0-no observed flow; 1-decreased flow; 2-normal flow), and to measure ulnar and radial artery blood flow and resistive index (RI). All patients were followed up for 6 months to see whether they experienced new onset or recurrent DUs. The association of anti-IFI-16 antibodies with DUs was analyzed using logistic regression.Results:Of the 42 SSc patients, 8 (19.0%) were positive for anti-IFI-16 antibodies. Immunofluorescence of skin biopsy samples from SSc patients exhibited enhanced staining of IFI-16 in the dermis, and colocalization with endothelial marker CD31. SSc patients who were positive for anti-IFI-16 antibodies showed higher ulnar artery RI at baseline (0.95±0.09 vs. 0.86±0.09, p=0.015), while no significant differences were found for other vascular parameters, nor for clinical or demographic profiles. Within 6-month follow-up, 14 (33.3%) patients experienced new-onset or recurrent DUs. Univariate logistic regression revealed the presence of DUs at enrollment (p=0.009), anti-IFI-16 antibody (p=0.012), finger pulp blood flow (p=0.027), and ulnar artery RI (p=0.008) could be the predictors for the development of DUs. Multivariate analysis further identified DUs at enrollment (odds ratio [OR]: 10.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-73.18; p=0.014) and anti-IFI-16 antibody (OR: 15.00; 95% CI: 1.13-199.18; p=0.040) as independent risk factors. Among patients without DUs at enrollment, new-onset ulcers occurred in 80% (4/5) and 4.5% (1/22) of those with and without anti-IFI-16 antibody, respectively (p=0.001).Conclusion:Anti-IFI-16 antibody is associated with vasculopathy in SSc and could be used as a novel biomarker for indicating the development of DUs.References:[1]McMahan ZH, Shah AA, Vaidya D, et al. Anti-interferon-inducible protein 16 antibodies associate with digital gangrene in patients with Scleroderma. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016; 68(5): 1262-71.[2]McMahan ZH, Cottrell TR, Wigley FM, et al. Autoantigens targeted in scleroderma patients with vascular disease are enriched in endothelial lineage cells. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016; 68(10): 2540–49.Figure 1.Multivariate logistic analysis for new or recurrent digital ulcers.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank Doctor Yi Cheng for performing Power Doppler ultrasound assessment.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Dong P, Zhou B, Zou H, Wang Y, Liao X, Hu X, Zhang Y. High pressure homogenization inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in phosphate buffered saline, milk and apple juice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:159-167. [PMID: 33894066 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High pressure homogenization (HPH) offers new opportunities for food pasteurization/sterilization. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer, milk and apple juice at initial concentration of ~106 log10 CFU per ml were subjected to HPH treatments up to 200 MPa with inlet temperatures at 4-40°C. After HPH at 200 MPa with the inlet temperature at 40°C, the count of E. coli suspended in PBS, milk and apple juice reduced by 3·42, 3·67 and 3·19 log10 CFU per ml respectively while the count of S. aureus decreased by 2·21, 1·02 and 2·33 log10 CFU per ml respectively suggesting that S. aureus was more resistant. The inactivation data were well fitted by the polynomial equation. Milk could provide a protective effect for S. aureus against HPH. After HPH at 200 MPa with the inlet temperature at 20°C, the cell structure of E. coli was destroyed, while no obvious damages were found for S. aureus.
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Quan Z, Zou H, Zhong Y, Chen H, Deng Z. [Identification of a novel HLA-DQB1*03 allele caused by variant of a single nucleotide]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 38:282-285. [PMID: 33751543 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20200306-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the characteristics of a novel HLA-DQB1 allele identified during routine HLA matching in a leukemia family. METHODS The mother and brother of the patient were subjected to PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP), PCR sequence-based typ1ing (SBT), as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS PCR-SBT revealed that the patient's mother and brother's HLA-DQB1 sequences did not fully match with any known allele combination. NGS revealed that the novel allele has differed from the closest matched DQB1*03:02 with a T>G substitution at position 233 in exon 2, which resulted in substitution of Valine at codon 46 by Glycine. Pedigree analysis confirmed that the novel HLA-DQB1 allele was inherited from his mother. CONCLUSION A novel HLA-DQB1 allele has been identified through next generation sequencing and was officially named as HLA-DQB1*03:362 by the World Health Organization HLA Factor Nomenclature Committee.
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Junqueira Alves C, Silva Ladeira J, Hannah T, Pedroso Dias RJ, Zabala Capriles PV, Yotoko K, Zou H, Friedel RH. Evolution and Diversity of Semaphorins and Plexins in Choanoflagellates. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6149127. [PMID: 33624753 PMCID: PMC8011033 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins and plexins are cell surface ligand/receptor proteins that affect cytoskeletal dynamics in metazoan cells. Interestingly, they are also present in Choanoflagellata, a class of unicellular heterotrophic flagellates that forms the phylogenetic sister group to Metazoa. Several members of choanoflagellates are capable of forming transient colonies, whereas others reside solitary inside exoskeletons; their molecular diversity is only beginning to emerge. Here, we surveyed genomics data from 22 choanoflagellate species and detected semaphorin/plexin pairs in 16 species. Choanoflagellate semaphorins (Sema-FN1) contain several domain features distinct from metazoan semaphorins, including an N-terminal Reeler domain that may facilitate dimer stabilization, an array of fibronectin type III domains, a variable serine/threonine-rich domain that is a potential site for O-linked glycosylation, and a SEA domain that can undergo autoproteolysis. In contrast, choanoflagellate plexins (Plexin-1) harbor a domain arrangement that is largely identical to metazoan plexins. Both Sema-FN1 and Plexin-1 also contain a short homologous motif near the C-terminus, likely associated with a shared function. Three-dimensional molecular models revealed a highly conserved structural architecture of choanoflagellate Plexin-1 as compared to metazoan plexins, including similar predicted conformational changes in a segment that is involved in the activation of the intracellular Ras-GAP domain. The absence of semaphorins and plexins in several choanoflagellate species did not appear to correlate with unicellular versus colonial lifestyle or ecological factors such as fresh versus salt water environment. Together, our findings support a conserved mechanism of semaphorin/plexin proteins in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in unicellular and multicellular organisms.
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Wahane S, Zhou X, Zhou X, Guo L, Friedl MS, Kluge M, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Friedel CC, Zhang B, Friedel RH, Zou H. Diversified transcriptional responses of myeloid and glial cells in spinal cord injury shaped by HDAC3 activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd8811. [PMID: 33637528 PMCID: PMC7909890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response influences neural repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we combined myeloid-specific transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing to uncover not only a common core but also temporally distinct gene programs in injury-activated microglia and macrophages (IAM). Intriguingly, we detected a wide range of microglial cell states even in healthy spinal cord. Upon injury, IAM progressively acquired overall reparative, yet diversified transcriptional profiles, each comprising four transcriptional subtypes with specialized tasks. Notably, IAM have both distinct and common gene signatures as compared to neurodegeneration-associated microglia, both engaging phagocytosis, autophagy, and TyroBP pathways. We also identified an immediate response microglia subtype serving as a source population for microglial transformation and a proliferative subtype controlled by the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Together, our data unveil diversification of myeloid and glial subtypes in SCI and an extensive influence of HDAC3, which may be exploited to enhance functional recovery.
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Huang Y, Tejero R, Lee VK, Brusco C, Hannah T, Bertucci TB, Junqueira Alves C, Katsyv I, Kluge M, Foty R, Zhang B, Friedel CC, Dai G, Zou H, Friedel RH. Plexin-B2 facilitates glioblastoma infiltration by modulating cell biomechanics. Commun Biol 2021; 4:145. [PMID: 33514835 PMCID: PMC7846610 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrative growth is a major cause of high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). We show here that GBM cells upregulate guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies establish Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness.
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