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Oiestad BE, Holm I, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA. The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10-15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 2010; 45:583-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Berg M, Jahnsen R, Holm I, Hussain A. Translation of a Multi-disciplinary Assessment - Procedures to Achieve Functional Equivalence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14038190310012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Risberg MA, Moksnes H, Storevold A, Holm I, Snyder-Mackler L. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament injury influences joint loading during walking but not hopping. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43:423-8. [PMID: 19273473 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.056846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify changes in clinical outcome and lower extremity biomechanics during walking and hopping in ACL-injured subjects before and after a 20-session neuromuscular and strength training programme. STUDY DESIGN Pre and post experimental design. SETTING Outpatient clinic, primary care. PATIENTS 32 subjects with unilateral ACL injury, mean 60 (SD 35) days after injury, with a mean age of 26.2 (5.4) years. INTERVENTION The rehabilitation programme consisted of neuromuscular and strength exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Outcome measurements assessed before and after a 20-session rehabilitation programme were: self-assessment questionnaires (KOS-ADL, IKDC2000, Global function), four single-leg hop tests, and isokinetic muscle strength tests. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were captured during the stance phase of gait and landing after a single leg hop, synchronised with three force plates. RESULTS These ACL-injured individuals significantly improved their clinical outcome after rehabilitation. Gait analysis disclosed a significantly improved knee extension moment after rehabilitation, but no change in hip or knee excursions. During landing after hop no change in knee excursion or knee moment was recorded. CONCLUSION After rehabilitation the ACL-injured subjects showed a significantly improved clinical outcome, but lower extremity biomechanics were still significantly impaired during both walking and hopping. The rehabilitation programme influenced knee joint loading during walking, but not during hopping. Longer rehabilitation should be considered before ACL-injured individuals return to jumping activities.
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Eitzen I, Holm I, Risberg MA. Preoperative quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of knee function two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43:371-6. [PMID: 19224907 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.057059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify preoperative predictive factors for knee function two years after reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The main hypothesis was that preoperative quadriceps strength would be the most significant predictor for knee function two years after reconstructive surgery. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING ACL injured individuals treated at a University Hospital and an outpatient clinic in Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-three individuals with complete unilateral rupture of the ACL scheduled for reconstruction with a bone-patellar-bone autograft were included in the study, from where 60 were available for two-year follow up and included in the final analyses. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Identification of baseline independent variables that may predict knee function assessed with the Cincinnati Knee Score as dependent variable two years after ACL reconstruction. RESULTS Quadriceps muscle strength, meniscus injury and the Short-Form-36 Bodily Pain sub score were identified as significant predictors for knee function assessed from the Cincinnati Knee Score two years after ACL reconstruction. Individuals with preoperative quadriceps strength deficits above 20% also had persistent significantly larger strength deficits two years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative quadriceps muscle strength deficits and meniscus injuries have significant negative consequences for the long-term functional outcome after ACL reconstruction. From our findings we suggest that ACL reconstruction should not be performed before quadriceps muscle strength deficits of the injured limb is less than 20% of the uninjured limb.
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Vaksvik T, Hetland K, Røkkum M, Holm I. Cold hypersensitivity 6 to 10 years after replantation or revascularisation of fingers: consequences for work and leisure activities. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2009; 34:12-7. [PMID: 19091739 DOI: 10.1177/1753193408094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated cold hypersensitivity and activity in 81 adults (male/female 76/5), 6 to 10 years after finger replantation/revascularisation (mean age at injury 43 (SD 15) years). Questionnaires included the McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity Scale, Potential Work-Exposure Scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Eighty per cent of the respondents were cold hypersensitive; 20% were severely or extremely cold hypersensitive. Of the 74 patients employed at injury, 7% had changed work and 4% were not working due to cold hypersensitivity. The median score for cold exposure at work at follow-up was 153 (scale 0-300). The correlation between cold sensitivity and DASH work was low. One-third of the respondents experienced limitations in their leisure activities because of cold complaints. Long-term cold sensitivity was mild or moderate for most patients. Many cold hypersensitive patients managed to continue to work even under cold conditions and cold hypersensitivity was a greater problem in leisure activities.
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Holm I, Fredriksen P, Fosdahl M, Vøllestad N. A normative sample of isotonic and isokinetic muscle strength measurements in children 7 to 12 years of age. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97:602-7. [PMID: 18355391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide normative age- and gender-associated values on muscular strength, power and endurance and to establish a reference database on healthy school children aged 7 to 12 years. In addition, associations between some simple functional tests and the more sophisticated isokinetic strength measures were investigated. METHODS Three hundred seventy-six children, 191 girls and 185 boys, performed different muscle-strength tests like knee flexion/extension, handgrip, back extension and vertical jump. RESULTS There was a significant and linear increase in strength with no gender differences from 7 up to 11 years of age. There was a large variability within each age group, indicating that a normative sample of muscle-strength measurements includes a wide range of values for each age group. The relationship between hand- grip strength and observed quadriceps strength was high (r = 0.84) and the correlation between vertical jump and relative quadriceps strength was moderate (r = 0.50). CONCLUSION All the different strength measures showed almost the same pattern, indicating increased absolute strength values with increasing age and no significant gender differences except for flexion at the age of 11 and 12 years . The association between grip strength, vertical jump and quadriceps strength measured isokinetically was moderate to strong. The back muscle endurance test (The Biering-Sørensen test) showed a great roof effect and should not be included in a test battery for school children.
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Wangen H, Lereim P, Holm I, Gunderson R, Reikerås O. Hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years: excellent ten to 16-year follow-up results with a HA-coated stem. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2007; 32:203-8. [PMID: 18350292 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-006-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that youth and high activity levels are among the factors that increase the risk of mechanical failure of total hip prostheses. However, there are few reports of long-term results in very young patients. In this study, we evaluated the results of total 49 hip replacements (THRs) using an uncemented total hip prosthesis in 44 patients (28 females) who were 30 years or younger (range: 15-30 years). The diagnosis was ostearthritis due to congenital dislocations in 28 patients, with the remaining patients having diagnoses of sequelae of fracture, infection, Calve-Legg-Perthes disease, avascular necrosis, chondrodystrophia and epiphyseal dysplasia. In all cases we used an uncemented straight stem fully coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). In 36 cases we used a hemispherical cup inserted with press fit, and in seven cases we used a hemispherical screw cup. The patients were evaluated ten to 16 years (mean: 13 years) after the operation by radiographic and clinical examinations, including the Harris Hip, WOMAC and EuroQol-5D scores. In a sub-group of nine patients with a unilateral prosthesis, the muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings was tested using a Cybex 6000. None of the stems were revised at the follow-up examination, and all were classified as well integrated, with no signs of radiological loosening. Twenty-four hips had revision of the acetabular component due to mechanical failure. The Harris Hip score was, on average, 88 (range: 62-100), the WOMAC score 80 (range: 37-100) and the EuroQol score 0.68 (range: -0.14-1). Isokinetic muscle strength testing showed that seven of the nine tested patients were weaker on the operated side. In conclusion, we found mechanical failures at the acetabular side, but excellent results with a fully HA-coated femoral stem, with no revisions after ten to 16 years.
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Pizarro JC, Chitarra V, Verger D, Holm I, Pêtres S, Dartevelle S, Nato F, Longacre S, Bentley GA. Crystal structure of a Fab complex formed with PfMSP1-19, the C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 from Plasmodium falciparum: a malaria vaccine candidate. J Mol Biol 2003; 328:1091-103. [PMID: 12729744 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is the major protein component on the surface of the merozoite, the erythrocyte-invasive form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium. Present in all species of Plasmodium, it undergoes two distinct proteolytic maturation steps during the course of merozoite development that are essential for invasion of the erythrocyte. Antibodies specific for the C-terminal maturation product, MSP1-19, can inhibit erythrocyte invasion and parasite growth. This polypeptide is therefore considered to be one of the more promising malaria vaccine candidates. We describe here the crystal structure of recombinant MSP1-19 from P.falciparum (PfMSP1-19), the most virulent species of the parasite in humans, as a complex with the Fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody G17.12. This antibody recognises a discontinuous epitope comprising 13 residues on the first epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain of PfMSP1-19. Although G17.12 was raised against the recombinant antigen expressed in an insect cell/baculovirus system, it binds uniformly to the surface of merozoites from the late schizont stage, showing that the cognate epitope is exposed on the naturally occurring MSP1 polypeptide complex. Although the epitope includes residues that have been mapped to regions recognised by invasion-inhibiting antibodies studied by other workers, G17.12 does not inhibit erythrocyte invasion or MSP1 processing.
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Jahnsen R, Villien L, Aamodt G, Stanghelle JK, Holm I. Physiotherapy and Physical Activity - Experiences of Adults with Cerebral Palsy, with Implications for Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/14038190310005771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bentley GA, Pizarro JC, Chitarra V, Verger D, Longacre S, Holm I, Nato F, Dartevelle S, Petres S. The structure of C-terminal merozoite surface protein 1, a malaria vaccine candidate, in complex with a monoclonal antibody. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302096162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Jahnsen R, Villien L, Stanghelle JK, Holm I. Coping potential and disability--sense of coherence in adults with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2002; 24:511-8. [PMID: 12171640 DOI: 10.1080/09638280110108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate sense of coherence (SOC) in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) compared to the general population. METHOD A questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of adults with CP, including the 3-item version of SOC and items on their life situation and follow-up programmes. The study included persons over 18 years of age with CP and without intellectual disability. The results were compared with the results from a reference group. RESULTS The 406 respondents with CP (48.5% females, 51.5% males) were 18-72 years of age. The distribution of the different types of CP coincided with international epidemiological studies. Mean SOC was significantly lower in the adults with CP than in the reference group. The largest difference was found in the domain of comprehensibility. The factors most important in relation to SOC were level of education, marital status, life satisfaction and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Early experiences of predictability, balance between challenges and personal resources and finding these challenges worthy of investment, are prerequisites for developing sense of coherence. The present study suggests that these factors are less present in early socialization of persons with CP compared to the general population, and underlines the need for follow-up programmes that emphasize existential aspects and coping strategies.
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Risberg MA, Mørk M, Jenssen HK, Holm I. Design and implementation of a neuromuscular training program following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001; 31:620-31. [PMID: 11720295 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2001.31.11.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular training programs are increasingly integrated into clinical practice for lower extremity rehabilitation. A few rehabilitation programs have been evaluated for patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and for injury prevention, but there is limited scientific evidence of the effect of neuromuscular training following ACL reconstruction. Therefore, a neuromuscular training program was developed for patients after ACL reconstruction. The objective of the neuromuscular training was to improve the ability to generate a fast and optimal muscle firing pattern, to increase dynamic joint stability, and to relearn movement patterns and skills necessary during activities of daily living and sports activities. The main areas considered when designing the postoperative rehabilitation program after ACL reconstruction were: ACL graft healing and ACL strain values during exercises, proprioception and neuromuscular control, and clinical studies on the effect of neuromuscular training programs. The rehabilitation program consists of balance exercises, dynamic joint stability exercises, jump training/plyometric exercises, agility drills, and sport-specific exercise. The patients exercise 3 times a week for 6 months. The scientific and clinical evidence for the rehabilitation program are described and the main exercises in the program are outlined.
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Aune AK, Holm I, Risberg MA, Jensen HK, Steen H. Four-strand hamstring tendon autograft compared with patellar tendon-bone autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A randomized study with two-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2001; 29:722-8. [PMID: 11734484 DOI: 10.1177/03635465010290060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-two patients with subacute or chronic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament were randomly assigned to autograft reconstruction with four-strand gracilis and semitendinosus tendon (N = 37) or with patellar tendon-bone (N = 35) from the ipsilateral side. The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, level of activity, degree of laxity, meniscal lesions found surgically, and rehabilitation program. The follow-up was performed at another hospital by independent observers after 6, 12, and 24 months. Sixty-one patients (32 with hamstring tendon grafts and 29 with patellar tendon grafts) complied with the follow-up routine for the full 24 months. No differences were found between the groups with respect to Cincinnati functional score, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, or stairs hopple test results. The subjective result and the single-legged hop test result were better for the hamstring tendon group after 6 and 12 months, but no differences were found after 24 months. The hamstring tendon group showed better isokinetic knee extension strength than did the patellar tendon group after 6 months, but not after 12 and 24 months. There was a significant weakness in isokinetic knee flexion strength among the hamstring tendon group. Anterior knee pain was not significantly different between the groups, but kneeling pain was significantly less common in the hamstring tendon group after 24 months.
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Holm I, Bolstad B, Lütken T, Ervik A, Røkkum M, Steen H. Reliability of goniometric measurements and visual estimates of hip ROM in patients with osteoarthrosis. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2001; 5:241-8. [PMID: 11129666 DOI: 10.1002/pri.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Range of motion (ROM) measurements have been included in several hip scores evaluating the results after hip surgery. The clinical procedures of performing these measurements vary and disagreement exists about the accuracy of visual estimatess compared to goniometer measurements. The purpose of this study was to study the reliability of goniometric measurements and visual estimates of hip ROM in patients with osteoarthrosis. METHOD Hip ROM measurements (abduction, adduction, extension, flexion and internal/external rotation) were recorded by four different teams on the same day and were repeated one week later. Teams 1, 2 and 3 consisted of physiotherapists using standardized goniometric measurements. Team 4 involved an experienced orthopaedic surgeon making the assessments from visual estimates only. Twenty-five patients (6 M, 19 F; mean age 68.5 years, range 46-76 years) with osteoarthrosis of the hip, verified both clinically and radiologically, participated in the study. RESULTS With the exception of abduction (p = 0.03), there were no significant differences between the measurements recorded on the first and the second occasions for the same teams. The coefficient of variance was 5.5% for flexion (lowest) and 26.1% for extension (highest). Reproducibility was best for flexion. There was also high reliability when all the arcs of motion were summed up (abuction + adduction + extension + flexion + internal/external rotation). With the exception of internal rotation, there were highly significant differences between the teams when two people performed the measurements compared to the values measured by a single individual. Concordance, expressed as the standardized agreement index, between visual estimates made by one individual (the orthopaedic surgeon) and goniometric measurements made by two experienced physiotherapists, were 0.77-0.83 which indicates good agreement. CONCLUSION The reproducibility of hip ROM measurements was highest for flexion. There was also high reliability when all the six arcs of motion were summed up. Concordance between visual estimates and goniometric measurements indicates good agreement.
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Holm I, Friis A, Brox JI, Gunderson R, Steen H. Minimal influence of facet joint anesthesia on isokinetic muscle performance in patients with chronic degenerative low back disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25:2091-4. [PMID: 10954641 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200008150-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental design. OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of pain reduction after facet joint injections on isokinetic back muscle performance. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Methods for evaluating the effect of facet joint injections vary. Recent studies base their results solely on the patient's subjective opinion and suggest a need for more objective, concrete, and reliable measurements. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with a degenerative low back disorder (49 women and 38 men; mean age, 48 years; range, 22-79) who had facet joint injections as a part of preoperative evaluation participated. The mean duration of symptoms was 12.3 years (range, 1-45). The patients underwent isokinetic trunk flexor and extensor muscle strength testing at angular velocities of 60 deg/sec and 120 deg/sec. They performed two tests before the facet joint injections (to eliminate learning effect). All patients had bilateral facet joint injections at L5-S1. Those who did not report pain relief had additional injections at L4-L5. The flexion-extension test was repeated 15 minutes after each injection. Pain and fear were registered on visual analog scales. RESULTS All 87 patients could perform the isokinetic tests. For extension at 60 deg/sec, a significant improvement was found between the two pretests (P < 0.05). Pain increased significantly from the first to the second pretest (P = 0.02), and a significant decrease in pain was found after the first injection (P = 0.0001). Fear decreased between each test, with a significant decrease after the first injection. No significant change was found for the muscle strength measurements after facet joint anesthesia. There were only weak correlations between decrease in pain and alteration in muscle performance, ranging from 0.06 to 0.37. CONCLUSION Pain reduction after facet joint injections did not influence isokinetic muscle performance in patients with degenerative low back disorders.
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Moosmayer S, Odinsson A, Holm I. Distal biceps tendon rupture operated on with the Boyd-Anderson technique: follow-up of 9 patients with isokinetic examination after 1 year. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2000; 71:399-402. [PMID: 11028890 DOI: 10.1080/000164700317393411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We operated on 9 patients for distal biceps tendon rupture using the Boyd-Anderson technique. All patients were re-examined after at least 1 year using a questionnaire, radiographs, motion measurements and isokinetic testing. 2 patients had temporary radial nerve dysfunction and 7 patients had diminished forearm rotation. Elbow flexion strength was reduced by median 13% and supination strength by 19%. We think the Boyd-Anderson technique can be recommended, but slightly reduced strength and forearm rotation must be expected.
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Holm I, Mikhailov A, Jillson T, Rose B. Dynamics of gap junctions observed in living cells with connexin43-GFP chimeric protein. Eur J Cell Biol 1999; 78:856-66. [PMID: 10669104 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(99)80087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the aggregation of cell-to-cell channels into gap junctions at individual cell-cell contacts, we transfected cells with an expression vector for a chimeric protein composed of the cell-to-cell channel protein connexin43 and a green fluorescent protein. The chimeric channel protein was visualized in the fluorescence microscope and was found to form gap junctions at the cell-cell contacts just like wild-type connexin43. Cells expressing the chimeric protein had functional cell-to-cell channels. Using timelapse videomicroscopy on live cells we observed individual gap junctions over long periods and recorded the time course of aggregation of the chimeric channel protein into gap junctions at newly formed cell-cell contacts. We found that individual small gap junctions were very dynamic, moving about or becoming assembled and disassembled in the course of minutes. Larger gap junctions were more stable than small punctate ones. In control condition, stable new gap junctions were not formed during observation times of 30 min or longer. But at elevated levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the chimeric channel protein began aggregating at new junctions 5-10 minutes after cell-cell contact and continued to concentrate there for at least one hour. Also already established junctions grew in size. The fluorescent chimeric channel protein will be an excellent tool to investigate the regulation of trafficking of connexin from and to the membrane and the mechanism of connexin channel aggregation into gap junctions.
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Bergström K, Bárány P, Holm I. An educational programme for persistent life-style changes in patients with chronic renal disease. EDTNA/ERCA JOURNAL (ENGLISH ED.) 1999; 25:42-4. [PMID: 10827600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce positive life-style changes in patients with chronic renal disease through a residential education programme about the medical aspects of chronic renal failure and the various treatment options in order to increase their physical capacity, emotional stability and general well-being. The programme was available to all categories of patients with chronic renal disease irrespective of treatment modality. Comparison of data pre and post course demonstrated improvements in physical activity, mental well-being and nutritional awareness.
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Risberg MA, Holm I, Steen H, Beynnon BD. Sensitivity to changes over time for the IKDC form, the Lysholm score, and the Cincinnati knee score. A prospective study of 120 ACL reconstructed patients with a 2-year follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1999; 7:152-9. [PMID: 10401651 DOI: 10.1007/s001670050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the sensitivity to changes over time for the IKDC form, the Lysholm score, and the Cincinnati knee score, (2) the relationship between the IKDC form, the Lysholm score and the Cincinnati knee score, (3) the criterion validity of each graded variable included in the IKDC form, and (4) if a functional knee test should be included as a graded variable and part of the final result of the IKDC form. We included in this prospective study 120 subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction with follow-up times of 3 and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Outcome measurements were the graded variables of the IKDC form (IKDC1-4 and IKDC-final), the Lysholm score, the Cincinnati knee score, a visual analogue scale for patient's satisfaction, knee joint laxity measurement (KT-1000 knee arthrometer), and two functional knee tests (the triple jump and stairs hopple tests). The IKDC1, IKDC2, IKDC-final, and the Lysholm score were not sensitive to changes over time. The Cincinnati knee score was highly sensitive to changes over time and showed significantly improved outcome between each follow-up. IKDC1-4 showed high criterion validity, indicating that the IKDC1-4 is a good means of documenting clinical examination at one follow-up, but not of detecting changes over time. The functional knee tests were significant outcome measurements after ACL reconstruction, and should be reported separately.
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Risberg MA, Holm I, Tjomsland O, Ljunggren E, Ekeland A. Prospective study of changes in impairments and disabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999; 29:400-12. [PMID: 10416180 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1999.29.7.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Single-group, repeated-measures prospective study. OBJECTIVES To analyze changes in impairments and disabilities among patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to assess the relationships between the impairment and disability outcome measures from 3 months to 2 years following ACL reconstruction. BACKGROUND Outcomes after ACL reconstruction can be categorized as impairments or disabilities. The relationship between impairments and disabilities may be crucial to understanding physical therapy interventions and predicting long-term outcome. METHODS AND MEASURES Sixty patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction participated in the study. Impairment measures were range of motion, pain, knee-joint laxity, and muscle performance using isokinetic muscle tests. Disability measures were the Cincinnati knee score and lower limb performance using the triple-jump and stair-hop tests. Follow-up times were 3 and 6 months and 1 and 2 years after surgery. RESULTS The Cincinnati knee score results show significant improvement 1 year after surgery (84.2 +/- 13.6) compared with 6 months (76.8 +/- 13.7) and 3 months (67.4 +/- 16.3) after surgery. Quadriceps total work (percentage of normal leg) significantly improved 2 years after surgery (92.6 +/- 14.1%) compared with 1 year after surgery (81.6 +/- 16.8%). Between 37 and 75% of the variability in the Cincinnati knee score could be explained by variation in the impairment variables, and quadriceps muscle performance and pain were the most significant predictors of disability. Extension deficit and pain at 3 months were significantly related to the Cincinnati knee score at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Up to 2 years may be needed to regain normal quadriceps muscle performance following ACL reconstruction. Pain and quadriceps muscle performance explained most of the variability in the Cincinnati knee score.
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Garraud O, Diouf A, Holm I, Perraut R, Longacre S. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum-merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) antigen, II. Induction of parasite-specific immunoglobulin G in unsensitized human B cells after in vitro T-cell priming with MSP119. Immunology 1999; 97:497-505. [PMID: 10447773 PMCID: PMC2326866 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A baculovirus recombinant antigen corresponding to the C-terminal 19 000 MW fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119), has been used to prime T cells from individuals with no previous exposure to malaria, to provide help for the induction of a parasite specific antibody response in vitro. Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. No antibody was secreted in the absence of primed T cells in this B-cell culture assay. These data show that recombinant MSP119, a leading malaria vaccine candidate, can prime non-immune human lymphocytes under defined in vitro experimental conditions, which include regulatory cytokines and/or other costimulatory molecules. This is a complementary approach for exploring immunogenic mechanisms of potential vaccine candidates such as P. falciparum antigens in humans.
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Garraud O, Diouf A, Holm I, Nguer CM, Spiegel A, Perraut R, Longacre S. Secretion of parasite-specific immunoglobulin G by purified blood B lymphocytes from immune individuals after in vitro stimulation with recombinant Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-119 antigen. Immunology 1999; 97:204-10. [PMID: 10447733 PMCID: PMC2326825 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal 19 000 MW fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP119) is one of the most promising candidate antigens for a malaria vaccine. Baculovirus recombinant Plasmodium falciparum MSP119 has been used to define conditions for the in vitro production of specific antibodies by purified human blood B cells in a culture system where T-cell signals were provided by the engagement of CD40 molecules and exogenous cytokines. MSP119 preferentially induced surface immunoglobulin G (IgG) -positive (sgamma+) B lymphocytes from P. falciparum-immune donors to differentiate and produce antigen-specific IgG. In contrast, naïve B cells or cells from non-immune donors could not be induced to secrete parasite-specific IgG in vitro. Although IgG secretion was obtained in the absence of exogenous cytokines, it was dependent on B-cell-derived interleukin-10 (IL-10) and/or B-cell factor(s) under the control of IL-10, since IgG levels were significantly decreased in the presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies. These results demonstrate at the cellular level that a single malaria vaccine candidate polypeptide can direct parasite-specific antibody production mediated by the secretion of potentiating factors.
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Brox JI, Friis A, Holm I, Grundnes O, Sørensen R, Lange JE, Reikerås O, Indahl A. [Patients with chronic degenerative spinal disease--can conservative treatment reduce the waiting list for surgery?]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 1999; 119:1784-7. [PMID: 10380596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with a degenerative lumbar disorder selected for spinal fusion surgery by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, were invited to participate in an exercise and behavioural modification programme. The goal was to let the patients experience that it is safe to move. 50 patients; mean age 49 years (19-76 years), mean duration of complaints ten years (2-39 years), agreed to participate. 26 patients had undergone back surgery. 80% were on sick leave or disability pension; 85% had either previously diagnosed psychiatric disorder or high scores for somatization or abnormal illness behaviour. At follow-up, 21 (42%) patients wanted surgery, 8 (16%) were uncertain, and 18 (36%) did not want surgery, 17 patients reported improved main symptoms, 18 were unchanged, and 12 had deteriorated. Previous surgery, illness behaviour and weak trunk muscles were associated with poor improvement and desire for surgery. Age, gender, emotional distress, intensity of pain, neurological or radiological signs or the number of exercise sessions taken did not influence results.
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Chitarra V, Holm I, Bentley GA, Pêtres S, Longacre S. The crystal structure of C-terminal merozoite surface protein 1 at 1.8 A resolution, a highly protective malaria vaccine candidate. Mol Cell 1999; 3:457-64. [PMID: 10230398 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal proteolytic processing product of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) appears essential for successful erythrocyte invasion by the malarial parasite, Plasmodium. We have determined the crystal structure at 1.8 A resolution of a soluble baculovirus-recombinant form of the protein from P. cynomolgi, which confers excellent protective efficacy in primate vaccination trials. The structure comprises two EGF-like domains, and sequence comparisons strongly suggest that the same conformation is present in all species of Plasmodium, including P. falciparum and P. vivax, which are pathogenic in man. In particular, conserved interdomain contacts between the two EGF modules should preserve the compact form of the molecule in all species. Implications of the crystal structure for anti-malarial vaccine development are discussed.
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Risberg MA, Holm I, Steen H, Eriksson J, Ekeland A. The effect of knee bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective, randomized study with two years' follow-up. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27:76-83. [PMID: 9934423 DOI: 10.1177/03635465990270012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective, randomized, clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of knee bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sixty patients were randomized into one of two groups: Patients in the braced group wore rehabilitative braces for 2 weeks, followed by functional braces for 10 weeks, and patients in the nonbraced group did not wear braces. Data were recorded preoperatively, and postoperatively after 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years. The following outcome measures were used: KT-1000 arthrometry, the Cincinnati knee score, goniometry to record range of motion, computed tomography to determine thigh atrophy, Cybex 6000 isokinetic testing to evaluate muscle strength, three functional knee tests, and a visual analog scale to evaluate pain. At all follow-up times there were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to knee joint laxity, range of motion, muscle strength, functional knee tests, or pain. However, the Cincinnati knee score showed that patients in the braced group had significantly improved knee function compared with patients in the nonbraced group at the 3-month follow-up, even though the braced group showed significantly increased thigh atrophy compared with the nonbraced group at 3 months.
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