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Hutchings MT, Als-Nielsen J, Lindgard PA, Walker PJ. Neutron scattering investigation of the temperature dependence of long-wavelength spin waves in ferromagnetic Rb2CrCl4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/14/34/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Lederer K, Godt A, Howes PB, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Lahav M, Wegner G, Leiserowitz L, Weissbuch I. Crystalline self-assembly into monolayers of folded oligomers at the air-water interface. Chemistry 2000; 6:2173-83. [PMID: 10926223 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20000616)6:12<2173::aid-chem2173>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of the 1,3-bis(ethynylene)benzene unit as a rigid spacer into a linear alkyl chain, thus separating the two resulting stems by 9 A. induces chain folding at the air-water interface. These folded molecules self-assemble into crystalline monolayers at this interface, with the plane of the folding unit almost perpendicular to the water surface, as determined by synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. Three distinct molecular shapes, of the types U, inverted U, and M, were obtained in the two-dimensional crystalline state, depending upon the number of spacer units, and the number and position of the hydrophilic groups in the molecule. The molecules form ribbons with a higher crystal coherence in the direction of stacking between the molecular ribbons, and a lower coherence along the ribbon direction. A similar molecule, but with a spacer unit that imposes a 5 A separation between alkyl chains, yields the conventional herringbone arrangement.
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Weissbuch I, Baxter PN, Kuzmenko I, Cohen H, Cohen S, Kjaer K, Howes PB, Als-Nielsen J, Lehn JM, Leiserowitz L, Lahav M. Oriented crystalline monolayers and bilayers of 2 x 2 silver(I) grid architectures at the air-solution interface: their assembly and crystal structure elucidation. Chemistry 2000; 6:725-34. [PMID: 10807183 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000218)6:4<725::aid-chem725>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oriented crystalline monolayers, approximately 14 A thick, of a 2 x 2 Ag+ grid complex, self-assembled at the air-solution interface starting from an water-insoluble ligand 3,6-bis[2-(6-phenylpyridine)]pyridazine spread on silver-ion-containing solutions, were examined by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and specular X-ray reflectivity using synchrotron radiation. The monolayer structure was refined, including a determination of the positions of the counter-ions, with the SHELX-97 computer program. The monolayers were transferred from the interface onto various solid supports and visualized by scanning force microscopy, and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in terms of molecular structure. On surface compression, the initial self-assembled monolayer undergoes a transition to a crystalline bilayer in which the two layers, almost retaining the original arrangement, are in registry. Such a phase transition is of relevance to the understanding of crystal nucleation.
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Popovitz-Biro R, Edgar R, Weissbuch I, Lavie R, Cohen S, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Wassermann E, Leiserowitz L, Lahav M. Structural studies on Langmuir films of C50H102, nylon-6,6 polymer and its oligomeric analogue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4044(199810)49:10/11<626::aid-apol626>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Majewski J, Kuhl TL, Kjaer K, Gerstenberg MC, Als-Nielsen J, Israelachvili JN, Smith GS. X-ray Synchrotron Study of Packing and Protrusions of Polymer−Lipid Monolayers at the Air−Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973024n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Kuzmenko I, Buller R, Bouwman WG, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L. Formation of Chiral Interdigitated Multilayers at the Air-Liquid Interface Through Acid-Base Interactions. Science 1996; 274:2046-9. [PMID: 8953028 DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5295.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thin interdigitated films composed of a long-chain, water-insoluble chiral acid (p-pentadecylmandelic acid of absolute configuration R) and a water-soluble chiral base (phenylethylamine, R') were constructed at the air-solution interface. The (R, R') structure was characterized to near-atomic resolution by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The two diastereomeric systems, (R, R') and (R, S'), demonstrate similar surface pressure-molecular area isotherms, but their structures are completely different on the molecular level, as monitored by GIXD. Complementary data on these two architectures were provided by atomic force microscopy.
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Kuzmenko I, Buller R, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J. Interdigitated chiral architectures at air/liquid interface. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396079007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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33
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Robinson IK, Pindak R, Fleming RM, Dierker SB, Ploog K, Grübel G, Abernathy DL, Als-Nielsen J. Observation and explanation of one-dimensional x-ray speckle patterns from synthetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:9917-9924. [PMID: 9980036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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34
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Bley F, Livet F, Leroux JC, Simon JP, Abernathy D, Als-Nielsen J, Gruebel G, Vignaud G, Dolino G, Legrand JF, Camel D, Menguy N, Papoular M. High-Q-resolution X-ray diffraction of ordered Fe–Al single crystals. Acta Crystallogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767395006805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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35
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Shapiro L, Fannon AM, Kwong PD, Thompson A, Lehmann MS, Grübel G, Legrand JF, Als-Nielsen J, Colman DR, Hendrickson WA. Structural basis of cell-cell adhesion by cadherins. Nature 1995; 374:327-37. [PMID: 7885471 DOI: 10.1038/374327a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the amino-terminal domain of N-cadherin provide a picture at the atomic level of a specific adhesive contact between cells. A repeated set of dimer interfaces is common to the structure in three lattices. These interactions combine to form a linear zipper of molecules that mirrors the linear structure of the intracellular filaments with which cadherins associate. This cell-adhesion zipper may provide a mechanism to marshal individual molecular adhesive interactions into strong bonds between cells.
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Brauer S, Stephenson GB, Sutton M, Brüning R, Dufresne E, Mochrie SG, Grübel G, Als-Nielsen J, Abernathy DL. X-ray intensity fluctuation spectroscopy observations of critical dynamics in Fe3Al. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:2010-2013. [PMID: 10057819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Berge B, Konovalov O, Lajzerowicz J, Renault A, Rieu JP, Vallade M, Als-Nielsen J, Grübel G, Legrand JF. Melting of short 1-alcohol monolayers on water: Thermodynamics and x-ray scattering studies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1652-1655. [PMID: 10056849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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39
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Weinbach SP, Kjaer K, Bouwman WG, Grübel G, Legrand JF, Als-Nielsen J, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L. Control of Structure and Growth of Polymorphic Crystalline Thin Films of Amphiphilic Molecules on Liquid Surfaces. Science 1994; 264:1566-70. [PMID: 17769599 DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5165.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous formation and coexistence of crystalline polymorphic trilayer domains in amphiphilic films at air-liquid interfaces is demonstrated by grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction. These polymorphic crystallites may serve as models for the early stages of crystal nucleation and growth, helping to elucidate the manner in which additives influence the progress of crystal nucleation, growth, and polymorphism and suggesting ways of selectively generating and controlling multilayers on liquid surfaces. Auxiliary molecules have been designed to selectively inhibit development of the polymorphs, leading primarily to a single phase monolayer.
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Garnaes J, Larsen NB, Bjørnholm T, Jørgensen M, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Jørgensen JF, Zasadzinski JA. Langmuir-Blodgett Films of a Functionalized Molecule with Cross-Sectional Mismatch Between Head and Tail. Science 1994; 264:1301-4. [PMID: 17780847 DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5163.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A functionalized surfactant has been investigated as floating monolayers by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and as bilayers transferred to solid supports by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique through atomic force microscopy. The transfer process is accompanied by an increase of the unit cell area (about 17 percent) and by an increase of the average domain diameter of nanometer-scale domains (about three times). The unit cell area of the floating monolayer corresponds to close packing of the head groups and a noncharacteristic packing of the tifted alkyl chains. The larger unit cell area of the bilayer film is consistent with a particular ordered packing of the alkyl chains, leaving free space for the head groups.
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Belrhali H, Yaremchuk A, Tukalo M, Larsen K, Berthet-Colominas C, Leberman R, Beijer B, Sproat B, Als-Nielsen J, Grübel G. Crystal structures at 2.5 angstrom resolution of seryl-tRNA synthetase complexed with two analogs of seryl adenylate. Science 1994; 263:1432-6. [PMID: 8128224 DOI: 10.1126/science.8128224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures of seryl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus complexed with two different analogs of seryl adenylate have been determined at 2.5 A resolution. The first complex is between the enzyme and seryl-hydroxamate-AMP (adenosine monophosphate), produced enzymatically in the crystal from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and serine hydroxamate, and the second is with a synthetic analog of seryl adenylate (5'-O-[N-(L-seryl)-sulfamoyl]adenosine), which is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme. Both molecules are bound in a similar fashion by a network of hydrogen bond interactions in a deep hydrophilic cleft formed by the antiparallel beta sheet and surrounding loops of the synthetase catalytic domain. Four regions in the primary sequence are involved in the interactions, including the motif 2 and 3 regions of class 2 synthetases. Apart from the specific recognition of the serine side chain, the interactions are likely to be similar in all class 2 synthetases.
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Böhm C, Möhwald H, Leiserowitz L, Als-Nielsen J, Kjaer K. Influence of chirality on the structure of phospholipid monolayers. Biophys J 1993; 64:553-9. [PMID: 8457679 PMCID: PMC1262360 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Vaknin D, Als-Nielsen J, Piepenstock M, Lösche M. Recognition processes at a functionalized lipid surface observed with molecular resolution. Biophys J 1991; 60:1545-52. [PMID: 1777572 PMCID: PMC1260212 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(91)82189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific binding of proteins to functionalized lipid monolayers on aqueous subphases was characterized by neutron reflectivity and fluorescence microscopy measurements. Due to the high affinity and high specificity of their noncovalent interaction, streptavidin (SA) and biotin (vitamin H) were chosen as a model system to investigate the structural characteristics of a recognition process on a molecular length scale. Changes in the neutron reflection from the surfaces of NaCl aqueous (H2O or D2O) protein solutions (10(-8) M SA) were used to monitor the interaction of the protein with a monolayer of a biotinylated lipid in situ. Refinement of the reflectivity data and independent fluorescence microscopic observation of the interface using FITC-labeled SA showed that the protein forms macroscopically homogeneous (and presumably crystalline) domains covering a large portion of the surface. Moreover, the neutron reflection experiments clearly showed the formation of a monomolecular protein layer with an effective thickness, dp = 43.7 +/- 2 A. The area per protein molecule occupied in the film was A0 = 2860 +/- 200 A2 and nw = 260 +/- 100 water molecules were associated with each protein molecule. Quantitative binding was found to occur at biotin surface concentrations as low as 1 molecule/1,250 A2 (compared with approximately 1 molecule/40 A2 for dense packing). This study demonstrates the application of a promising new tool for the systematic investigation of molecular recognition processes in protein/lipid model systems.
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Helm CA, Tippmann-Krayer P, Möhwald H, Als-Nielsen J, Kjaer K. Phases of phosphatidyl ethanolamine monolayers studied by synchrotron x-ray scattering. Biophys J 1991; 60:1457-76. [PMID: 1777568 PMCID: PMC1260205 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(91)82182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, phospholid monolayers at the air/water interface have been studied by x-ray diffraction and reflection all along the isotherm from the laterally isotropic fluid (the so-called LE phase) to the ordered phases. The model used to analyze the data, and the accuracy of the parameters deduced, were tested by comparing the results obtained with two lipids having the same head group but different chain lengths. Compression of the fluid phase leads predominantly to a change of thickness of the hydrophobic moiety, much less of its density, with the head group extension remaining constant. The main transition involves a considerable increase (approximately 10%) of the electron density in the hydrophobic region, a dehydration of the head group and a positional ordering of the aliphatic tails, albeit with low coherence lengths (approximately 10 spacings). On further compression of the film, the ordered phase undergoes a continuous transition. This is characterized by an increase in positional ordering, a discontinuous decrease in lateral compressibility, a decrease in chain tilt angle with respect to the surface normal towards zero and probably also a head group dehydration and ordering.
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Shirane G, Als-Nielsen J, Nielsen M, Tranquada JM, Chou H, Shamoto S, Sato M. Magnetic correlations in YBa2Cu3O6+x at superconducting concentrations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:6547-6552. [PMID: 9992901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Wolf SG, Landau EM, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L, Deutsch M, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J. A Synchrotron X-ray Study of a Solid-Solid Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Crystal. Science 1988; 242:1286-90. [PMID: 17817076 DOI: 10.1126/science.242.4883.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A measurement and interpretation on a molecular level of a phase transition in an ordered Langmuir monolayer is reported. The diagram of surface pressure (pi) versus molecular area of a monolayer of chiral (S)-[CF(3)-(CF(2))(9)-(CH(2))(2)-OCO-CH(2)-CH (NH(3)(+))CO(2)(-)] over water shows a change in slope at about pi(s)= 25 millinewtons per meter. Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and specular reflectivity measurements indicate a solid-solid phase transition at pi(s). The diffraction pattren at low pressures reveals two diffraction peaks of equal intensities, with lattice spacings d of 5.11 and 5.00 angstroms; these coalesce for pi >/=pi(s). Structural models that fit the diffraction data show that at pi> pi(s) the molecules pack in a two-dimensional crystal with the molecules aligned vertically. At pi < pi(s) there is a molecular tilt of 16 degrees +/- 7 degrees . Independent x-ray reflectivity data yield a tilt of 26 degrees +/- 7 degrees . Concomitant with the tilt, the diffraction data indicate a transition from a hexagonal to a distorted-hexagonal lattice. The hexagonal arrangement is favored because the -(CF(2))(9)CF(3) moiety adopts a helical conformation. Compression to 70 millinewtons per meter yields a unit cell with increased crystallinity and a coherence length exceeding 1000 angstroms.
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Schwartz DK, Braslau A, Ocko B, Pershan PS, Als-Nielsen J, Huang JS. X-ray reflectivity studies of a microemulsion surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:5817-5824. [PMID: 9900322 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Braslau A, Pershan PS, Swislow G, Ocko BM, Als-Nielsen J. Capillary waves on the surface of simple liquids measured by x-ray reflectivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:2457-2470. [PMID: 9900655 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Zhu XM, Feidenhans'l R, Zabel H, Als-Nielsen J, Du R, Flynn CP, Grey F. Grazing-incidence x-ray scattering on the Cu3Au(111) phase transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:7157-7160. [PMID: 9944002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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50
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Gramsbergen EF, Als-Nielsen J. Smectic-A1-to-nematic phase transition: X-ray diffraction of the bulk and comparison with surface structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:1335-1340. [PMID: 9899793 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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