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Varndell W, Mackenzie J, Sands MB. CPR: STAT! OR STOP! THE END-OF-LIFE CARE ELECTRONIC RECORD (ELCER). BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000491.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shaw MR, Klausmeyer K, Cameron DR, Mackenzie J, Roehrdanz P. Economic costs of achieving current conservation goals in the future as climate changes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:385-396. [PMID: 22497365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of biologically diverse regions has thus far been accomplished largely through the establishment and maintenance of protected areas. Climate change is expected to shift climate space of many species outside existing reserve boundaries. We used climate-envelope models to examine shifts in climate space of 11 species that are representative of the Mount Hamilton Project area (MHPA) (California, U.S.A.), which includes areas within Alameda, Santa Clara, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, and San Benito counties and is in the state's Central Coast ecoregion. We used Marxan site-selection software to determine the minimum area required as climate changes to achieve a baseline conservation goal equal to 80% of existing climate space for all species in the MHPA through 2050 and 2100. Additionally, we assessed the costs associated with use of existing conservation strategies (land acquisition and management actions such as species translocation, monitoring, and captive breeding) necessary to meet current species-conservation goals as climate changes. Meeting conservation goals as climate changes through 2050 required an additional 256,000 ha (332%) of protected area, primarily to the south and west of the MHPA. Through 2050 the total cost of land acquisition and management was estimated at US$1.67-1.79 billion, or 139-149% of the cost of achieving the same conservation goals with no climate change. To maintain 80% of climate space through 2100 required nearly 380,000 additional hectares that would cost $2.46-2.62 billion, or 209-219% of the cost of achieving the same conservation goals with no climate change. Furthermore, maintaining 80% of existing climate space within California for 27% of the focal species was not possible by 2100 because climate space for these species did not exist in the state. The high costs of conserving species as the climate changes-that we found in an assessment of one conservation project-highlights the need for tools that will aid in iterative goal setting given the uncertainty of the effects of climate change and adaptive management that includes new conservation strategies and consideration of the long-term economic costs of conservation.
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Wong SS, Haqshenas G, Gowans EJ, Mackenzie J. The dengue virus M protein localises to the endoplasmic reticulum and forms oligomers. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1032-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mackenzie J, Law A, Kerr G, Higgins G, Howard G, Malik J, McLaren D. 7036 POSTER Improved Outcomes With Dose Escalated Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mackenzie J. A Defence of the Thesis THAT "THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF DISEASE AND THE PROGRESS OF MEDICINE.". BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:797-804. [PMID: 20770319 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3153.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mackenzie J. THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HEART SYMPTOMS. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:505-9. [PMID: 20770657 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3196.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. Observations ON THE PROCESS WHICH RESULTS IN AURICULAR FIBRILLATION. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 2:71-3. [PMID: 20770800 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3211.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mackenzie J. A Lecture ON THE SOLDIER'S HEART AND WAR NEUROSIS: A STUDY IN SYMPTOMATOLOGY: Delivered at the Clinical Institute, St. Andrews. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:491-4. [PMID: 20769853 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3093.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. THE THEORY OF DISTURBED REFLEXES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:147-53. [PMID: 20770150 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3135.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. Remarks ON THE MEANING AND MECHANISM OF VISCERAL PAIN: AS SHOWN BY THE STUDY OF VISCERAL AND OTHER SYMPATHETIC (AUTONOMIC) REFLEXES. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:1449-54. [PMID: 20762739 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2373.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. Observations on the Inception of the Rhythm of the Heart by the Ventricle: As the cause of Continuous Irregularity of the Heart. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:529-36. [PMID: 20761393 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2253.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. SOME MANIFESTATIONS OF A HEALTHY HEART IN THE YOUNG FREQUENTLY TAKEN AS INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 2:1697-700. [PMID: 20766441 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2712.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. NEW METHODS OF STUDYING AFFECTIONS OF THE HEART. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:702-5. [PMID: 20762023 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2309.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mackenzie J. NEW METHODS OF STUDYING AFFECTIONS OF THE HEART. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:519-22. [PMID: 20761978 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2306.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mackenzie J. NEW METHODS OF STUDYING AFFECTIONS OF THE HEART. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:587-9. [PMID: 20761997 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2307.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mackenzie J. NEW METHODS OF STUDYING AFFECTIONS OF THE HEART. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:812-5. [PMID: 20762052 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2311.812-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mackenzie J. Remarks on the Meaning and Mechanism of Visceral Pain as Shown by the Study of Visceral and other Sympathetic (Autonomic) Reflexes. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:1523-8. [PMID: 20762752 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.2374.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lee AW, Farnquist B, Islam O, Mackenzie J, Taylor SAM, Pang SC, Reifel CW. Noninvasive investigation of asymmetrically conjoined tripus twins with features of rachipagus, parapagus dicephalus, and cephalopagus. Clin Anat 2011; 25:1023-9. [PMID: 21433086 DOI: 10.1002/ca.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A hypothetical mechanism for conjoined twinning postulated by Spencer ([2003] Developmental Malformations and Clinical Implications, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p 1-476) suggests that, after separation, monovular twins fuse in one of eight predictable homologous sites. The tripus fetal specimen under study embodies characteristics of three types therefore preventing it from classification into a simple variant of any one of the eight twin types described by Spencer. The aim of this study was to reveal internal structural anomalies of the fetal specimen by using magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. Dorsally appended to the primary twin is a secondary head mass (brain tissue and ocular globe) and two spinal columns converging at T4/T5, suggesting rachipagus twinning. The ventral orientation of the secondary twin's (right lateral) lower limb suggests parapagus twinning. The caudal divergence of the spinal columns and the presence of a secondary hemipelvis, separate from the primary pelvis, suggest cephalopagus twinning. Measurements of the long bones indicate a gestational age of ∼20-23 weeks. Secondary malformations of the primary fetal body include anencephaly, cleft palate, renal agenesis, decreased left ventricular outflow, and a prematurely terminating descending aorta. This study demonstrates the possibility of using current imaging techniques to study very old, formalin-preserved human material for documentation and scientific discussion without destroying the specimen, thus keeping it intact for posterity.
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Srinivasan J, Hand S, Lidstone S, Vafai N, Mackenzie J, Gavinio J, Mak E, Schulzer M, Stoessl A. P1.214 Uncertainty vs. likelihood of reward: implications for the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Szvetko AL, Jones A, Mackenzie J, Tajouri L, Csurhes PA, Greer JM, Pender MP, Griffiths LR. An investigation of the C77G and C772T variations within the human protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C gene for association with multiple sclerosis in an Australian population. Brain Res 2009; 1255:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Muhle H, Bellmann B, Creutzenberg O, Fuhst R, Koch W, Mohr U, Takenaka S, Morrow P, Kilpper R, Mackenzie J, Mermelstein R. Subchronic Inhalation Study of Toner in Rats. Inhal Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08958379009145262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tong S, Mackenzie J, Pitman AJ, FitzGerald G, Nicholls N, Selvey L. Global climate change: time to mainstream health risks and their prevention on the medical research and policy agenda. Intern Med J 2008; 38:445-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brem MH, Schlechtweg PM, Mackenzie J, Winalski CS, Lang P. [Molecular imaging: future uses in arthritides]. Radiologe 2007; 46:394-402. [PMID: 16715224 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-006-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an upcoming field in radiology as a result of great advances in imaging technology, genetics, and biochemistry in the recent past. Early-stage imaging of molecular pathological changes in cells opens the gates to new methods in medical treatment of diseases that otherwise would only be detected in advanced stages. Methods of imaging biochemical pathways with molecular agents are currently an issue of intensive research. This article reviews current modalities of molecular imaging in arthritis that should offer future perspective on early disease detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment efficiency and how they can pave the way to optimized therapy.
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