Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers for the Narrow Structure near the pΛ[over ¯] Threshold in e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c

A narrow structure in the pΛ[over ¯] system near the mass threshold, named as X(2085), is observed in the process e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯] with a statistical significance greater than 20σ. Its spin and parity are determined for the first time to be J^{P}=1^{+} in an amplitude analysis, with a statistical significance greater than 5σ over other quantum numbers (0^{-},1^{-} and 2^{+}). The pole positions of X(2085) are measured to be M_{pole}=(2084_{-2}^{+4}±9)  MeV and Γ_{pole}=(58_{-3}^{+4}±25)  MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The analysis is based on the study of the process e^{+}e^{-}→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯] and uses the data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=4.008, 4.178, 4.226, 4.258, 4.416, and 4.682 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 8.35  fb^{-1}.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} Cross Sections at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV

The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1)  MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1)  MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.

[Analysis of factors affecting the quality of donor corneal endothelial cells]

Objective: To explore the factors influencing the quality of donor corneal endothelium. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Data from 568 donor corneas obtained from the Shandong Eye Bank between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021, were collected for analysis. The corneal endothelium of the donor corneas was observed using corneal endothelial microscopy to assess corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation, and hexagonal cell ratio (HEX). Relevant factors of corneal donors were collected, including gender, age, cause of death, season of death, time from death to corneal retrieval, and methods of corpse preservation, to investigate their impact on the quality of donor corneal endothelium. The age factor was divided into five age groups: 0-20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years, 61-80 years, and >80 years. The time of corneal retrieval was divided into three periods based on the time elapsed since the donor's death: <6 hours, 6-12 hours, and >12 hours. The relationship between these factors and corneal endothelial conditions was analyzed. Results: The 568 donor corneas were obtained from 288 donors, including 225 males (78.13%) and 63 females (21.87%). The mean age was 51.77±18.48 years. The causes of death among donors were as follows: cardiovascular diseases 54.58% (275 individuals), cancer 17.96% (74 individuals), organ failure 14.26% (49 individuals), and accidents 13.20% (64 individuals). The mean time of corneal retrieval after donor death was 140 (76, 400) minutes (ranging from 30 minutes to 45 hours). Among the 145 corneas (25.53%) that had their initial corneal endothelial microscopy examination, the images were not clear, and after thorough rewarming, 106 corneas (18.7%) still had unclear images and could not be analyzed. Among the 462 corneas (81.3%) with clear images, the ECD was (2 602.23±318.40) cells/mm², the coefficient of variation was 36.61%±4.81%, and the HEX was 52.73%±7.15%. The ECD of corneas from older donors was lower compared to younger donors, and the differences between age groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). Corneas from donors who died due to accidents had a higher ECD [(2 829.88±313.90) cells/mm²] compared to those who died from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and organ failure, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The ECD was highest when corneas were retrieved within 6 hours after death, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Older donors had higher coefficients of variation but lower HEX values (both P<0.05). Corneas retrieved after a longer time from death had higher coefficients of variation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in HEX (P>0.05). Organ failure, cryopreservation, and corneal retrieval time >12 hours were risk factors for unclear corneal endothelial imaging (all P<0.001). Among the 136 corneal endothelial images (23.94%), circular, oval, or band-shaped dark areas were observed, and corneas with dark areas had lower ECD (P<0.05). The longer the time elapsed from death to corneal retrieval, the more dark areas were observed (P<0.001). The presence of dark areas did not affect the coefficient of variation and HEX (P>0.05). Conclusion: Advanced donor age, death due to chronic diseases, longer time elapsed from death to corneal retrieval, and cryopreservation of the body lead to a decrease in the quality of donor corneal endothelium.

First Experimental Study of the Purely Leptonic Decay D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e}

Using 7.33  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first experimental study of the purely leptonic decay D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e}. Our data contain a signal of this decay with a statistical significance of 2.9σ. The branching fraction of D_{s}^{*+}→e^{+}ν_{e} is measured to be (2.1_{-0.9_{stat}}^{+1.2}±0.2_{syst})×10^{-5}, corresponding to an upper limit of 4.0×10^{-5} at the 90% confidence level. Taking the total width of the D_{s}^{*+} [(0.070±0.028)  keV] predicted with the radiative D_{s}^{*+} decay from the lattice QCD calculation as input, the decay constant of the D_{s}^{*+} is determined to be f_{D_{s}^{*+}}=(214_{-46_{stat}}^{+61}±44_{syst})  MeV, corresponding to an upper limit of 354 MeV at the 90% confidence level.

How Does Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Gene Expression in Fejervarya kawamurai (Anura: Dicroglossidae) Respond to Extreme Temperatures?

Unusual climates can lead to extreme temperatures. Fejervarya kawamurai, one of the most prevalent anurans in the paddy fields of tropical and subtropical regions in Asia, is sensitive to climate change. The present study focuses primarily on a single question: how do the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) respond to extreme temperature change compared with 25 °C controls? Thirty-eight genes including an extra tRNA-Met gene were identified and sequenced from the mitochondrial genome of F. kawamurai. Evolutionary relationships were assessed within the Dicroglossidae and showed that Dicroglossinae is monophyletic and F. kawamurai is a sister group to the clade of (F. multistriata + F. limnocharis). Transcript levels of mitochondrial genes in liver were also evaluated to assess responses to 24 h exposure to low (2 °C and 4 °C) or high (40 °C) temperatures. Under 2 °C, seven genes showed significant changes in liver transcript levels, among which transcript levels of ATP8, ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, and Cytb increased, respectively, and ND5 decreased. However, exposure to 4 °C for 24 h was very different in that the expressions of ten mitochondrial protein-coding genes, except ND1, ND3, and Cytb, were significantly downregulated. Among them, the transcript level of ND5 was most significantly downregulated, decreasing by 0.28-fold. Exposure to a hot environment at 40 °C for 24 h resulted in a marked difference in transcript responses with strong upregulation of eight genes, ranging from a 1.52-fold increase in ND4L to a 2.18-fold rise in Cytb transcript levels, although COI and ND5 were reduced to 0.56 and 0.67, respectively, compared with the controls. Overall, these results suggest that at 4 °C, F. kawamurai appears to have entered a hypometabolic state of hibernation, whereas its mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was affected at both 2 °C and 40 °C. The majority of mitochondrial PCGs exhibited substantial changes at all three temperatures, indicating that frogs such as F. kawamurai that inhabit tropical or subtropical regions are susceptible to ambient temperature changes and can quickly employ compensating adjustments to proteins involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Search for Λ[over ¯]-Λ Baryon-Number-Violating Oscillations in the Decay J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c

We report on the first search for Λ[over ¯]-Λ oscillations in the decay J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c. by analyzing 1.31×10^{9}  J/ψ events accumulated with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The J/ψ events are produced using e^{+}e^{-} collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt[s]=3.097  GeV. No evidence for hyperon oscillations is observed. The upper limit for the oscillation rate of Λ[over ¯] to Λ hyperons is determined to be P(Λ)=[B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ+c.c.)/B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c.)]<4.4×10^{-6} corresponding to an oscillation parameter δm_{ΛΛ[over ¯]} of less than 3.8×10^{-18}  GeV at the 90% confidence level.

Two-Fold ND5 Genes, Three-Fold Control Regions, lncRNA, and the "Missing" ATP8 Found in the Mitogenomes of Polypedates megacephalus (Rhacophridae: Polypedates)

In prior research on the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Polypedates megacephalus, the one copy of ND5 gene was translocated to the control region (CR) and the ATP8 gene was not found. Gene loss is uncommon among vertebrates. However, in this study, we resequenced the mitogenomes of P. megacephalus from different regions using a "primer bridging" approach with Sanger sequencing technologies, which revealed the "missing" ATP8 gene in P. megacephalus as well as three other previously published Polypedates. The mitogenome of this species was found to contain two copies of the ND5 genes and three copies of the control regions. Furthermore, multiple tandem repeats were identified in the control regions. Notably, we observed that there was no correlation between genetic divergence and geographic distance. However, using the mitogenome, gene expression analysis was performed via RT-qPCR of liver samples and it was thus determined that COIII, ND2, ND4, and ND6 were reduced to 0.64 ± 0.24, 0.55 ± 0.34, 0.44 ± 0.21 and 0.65 ± 0.17, respectively, under low-temperature stress (8 °C) as compared with controls (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the transcript of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) between positions 8029 and 8612 decreased significantly with exposure to low-temperature stress (8 °C). Antisense ND6 gene expression showed a downward trend, but this was not significant. These results reveal that modulations of protein-coding mitochondrial genes and lncRNAs of P. megacephalus play a crucial role in the molecular response to cold stress.

[The efficacy and safety of standardized dust mite allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis during treatment]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standardized dust mite allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) during treatment. Methods: A total of 283 children with AR diagnosed with definite dust mite allergy and completed 2 to 3 years of SCIT who attended the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from August 2019 to October 2021 were included, including 205 males and 78 females, with a mean age of 10.8 years. The total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), symptom medication score (SMS), rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after 2 to 3 years' treatment were recorded, and the differences before and after treatment were compared. Adverse reactions during SCIT were recorded to evaluate its safety. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall effectiveness rate during SCIT in 283 children with AR was 89.4% (253/283). Compared with baseline, all symptom scores, medication scores and quality of life scores were significantly lower after 2 to 3 years of SCIT (all P<0.05). Further group comparisons showed positive efficacy in patients with different clinical characteristics, including age, gender, smoking status, family history of AR, symptom severity, mono-or poly-allergy, and second immunization, with no statistically significant differences between groups (all P>0.05). A total of 12 735 injections were administered during the SCIT, and a total of 213 (1.67%) injections of local adverse reactions occurred, mainly in the initial treatment phase, and the diameter of the local air mass was mostly 5 to 20 mm; 71 (0.56%) injections of systemic adverse reactions occurred, mainly in the initial treatment phase, and most of them were grade 1 reactions with no serious systemic adverse reaction such as shock. Conclusion: Standardized dust mite SCIT has a good safety profile and definite efficacy in treating AR children with different clinical characteristics. It can significantly improve all symptoms, reduce the use of symptomatic drugs and improve their quality of life.

[Analysis of distribution characteristics of specific immunoglobulin E in 8 092 children with eczema and urticaria in a hospital of pediatric in Tianjin City]

To investigate the common specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE) in children with eczema and urticaria, compare the allergies in children with different diseases, genders and ages, and provide the scientific basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of eczema and urticaria and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children's Hospital from December 2019 to August 2021. A total of 8 092 serum samples were tested for ten food allergens and ten inhaled allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children's characteristics and factors such as different sexes and ages and by the mass data. The results showed that the positive rate of eczema was 64.42%(5 213/8 092), and the urticaria was 35.58%(2 879/8 092). The positive rate of specific IgE was 66.65%(5 393/8 092), the food allergens was 61.74%(4 996/8 092), and the inhaled allergens was 34.85%(2 820/8 092). The top three positive rates of food allergens were egg 46.65%(3 775/8 092), milk 32.64%(2 641/8 092) and wheat flour 15.08%(1 220/8 092). The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were house dust 21.40%(1 732/8 092), Alternaria 11.78%(953/8 092) and Dermatophagoides farinae 7.33%(593/8 092). The positivity of food allergens and inhaled allergens was significantly different in different age groups. The positive rates of food allergens in different age groups were 48.92%(947/1 936) in<1 year old, 72.28%(2 680/3 708) in 1-3 years old, 64.58%(919/1 423) in 4-6 years old and 43.90%(450/1 025) in>6 years old. The positive rates of inhaled allergens in different age groups were 17.67%(342/1 936) in<1 year old, 36.35%(1 348/3 708) in 1-3 years old, 46.38%(660/1 423) in 4-6 years old and 45.85%(470/1 025) in>6 years old. The top six positive rates of allergens of eczema were the same with urticaria, which were egg, milk, house dust, wheat flour, Alternaria and Dermatophagoides farinae. The allergens (greater than or equal to grade 4) differed in children with eczema and urticaria. Moreover, there were significant differences in the positive rates of Alternaria, egg, wheat flour, crab and shrimp. In conclusion, this study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergens in children with eczema and urticaria to a certain extent. There were significant differences in the positive rates of allergens between different age groups. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.

[The application value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI based radiomics in the differential diagnosis of iso-or hyperintensity HCC and focal nodular hyperplasia in hepatobiliary phase]

Objective: To investigate the application value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI based radiomics model in the differential diagnosis of iso-or hyperintensity HCC and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in hepatobiliary phase. Methods: A total of 88 patients with HCC or FNH confirmed by surgical or puncture pathology who underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI (all lesions showed iso-or hyperintensity in hepatobiliary phase) between January 2015 and February 2023 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Nantong No.3 People's Hospital were retrospectively evaluated, which including 58 males and 30 females, aged [M(Q1, Q3)]56 (40, 67) years, including 61 patients with HCC and 27 patients with FNH. The included cases were divided into training (43 cases of HCC, 19 cases of FNH) and validation cohort (18 cases of HCC, 8 cases of FNH) in the ratio of 7∶3 using the random seeding method. A total of 1 781 radiomics features were extracted from Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI in the arterial, portal and hepatobiliary phases, respectively. The independent three phase models, combined three phases model and combined clinical-radiomics model was established using Auto-Encoder (AE) and Native Bayes (NB) classifier, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these models. DeLong test was used to compare the areas under curve (AUC). Results: In the validation cohort, the combined clinical-radiomics model had the highest AUC (AUC=0.938, 95%CI: 0.828-1.000). The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the clinical-radiomics combined model using AE classifier in the validation cohort were 0.896 (95%CI: 0.760-1.000), 88.5%, 88.9%, 87.5%. The AUC of the clinical-radiomics combined model using NB classifier in the validation cohort were 0.938 (95%CI: 0.828-1.000), 92.3%, 88.9%, 100.0%. Conclusion: Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI combined clinical-radiomics model has certain value in preoperative differentiation of iso-or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase HCC and FNH, with a high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

[Chronic hepatitis B virus infection-related osteoporosis]

Clinically, osteoporosis is often observed in combination with different disease states in patients with hepatitis B virus infection, but because of its complex pathogenesis, non-specific early clinical manifestations, and inadequate clinical attention, the patient's prognosis is frequently affected. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection-related osteoporosis in order to raise awareness of the disease.

Novel Gene Rearrangements in Mitochondrial Genomes of four families of Praying Mantises (Insecta, Mantodea) and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mantodea

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) plays an important role in phylogenetic studies of many species. The mitogenomes of many praying mantis groups have been well-studied, but mitogenomes of special mimic praying mantises, especially Acanthopoidea and Galinthiadoidea species, are still sorely lacking in the NCBI database. The present study analyzes five mitogenomes from four species of Acanthopoidea (Angela sp., Callibia diana, Coptopteryx sp., Raptrix fusca) and one of Galinthiadoidea (Galinthias amoena) that were sequenced by the primer-walking method. Among Angela sp. and Coptopteryx sp., three gene rearrangements were detected in ND3-A-R-N-S-E-F and COX1-L2-COX2 gene regions, two of which were novel. In addition, individual tandem repeats were found in control regions of four mitogenomes (Angela sp., C. diana, Coptopteryx sp., G. amoena). For those, plausible explanations were derived from the tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model and the slipped-strand mispairing model. One potential motif was found in Acanthopidae that was seen as a synapomorphy. Several conserved block sequences (CBSs) were detected within Acanthopoidea that paved the way for the design of specific primers. Via BI and ML analysis, based on four datasets (PCG12, PCG12R, PCG123, PCG123R), the merged phylogenetic tree within Mantodea was reconstructed. This showed that the monophyly of Acanthopoidea was supported and that the PCG12R dataset was the most suitable for reconstructing the phylogenetic tree within Mantodea.

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical C(sp3)-N Cross-Coupling of Activated Racemic Alkyl Halides with (Hetero)aromatic Amines under Ambient Conditions

The enantioconvergent C(sp³)-N cross-coupling of racemic alkyl halides with (hetero)aromatic amines represents an ideal means to afford enantioenriched N-alkyl (hetero)aromatic amines yet has remained unexplored due to the catalyst poisoning specifically for strong-coordinating heteroaromatic amines. Here, we demonstrate a copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical C(sp³)-N cross-coupling of activated racemic alkyl halides with (hetero)aromatic amines under ambient conditions. The key to success is the judicious selection of appropriate multidentate anionic ligands through readily fine-tuning both electronic and steric properties for the formation of a stable and rigid chelating Cu complex. Thus, this kind of ligand could not only enhance the reducing capability of a copper catalyst to provide an enantioconvergent radical pathway but also avoid the coordination with other coordinating heteroatoms, thereby overcoming catalyst poisoning and/or chiral ligand displacement. This protocol covers a wide range of coupling partners (89 examples for activated racemic secondary/tertiary alkyl bromides/chlorides and (hetero)aromatic amines) with high functional group compatibility. When allied with follow-up transformations, it provides a highly flexible platform to access synthetically useful enantioenriched amine building blocks.

First Study of Reaction Ξ^{0}n→Ξ^{-}p Using Ξ^{0}-Nucleus Scattering at an Electron-Positron Collider

Using (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ^{0}n→Ξ^{-}p is studied, where the Ξ^{0} baryon is produced in the process J/ψ→Ξ^{0}Ξ[over ¯]^{0} and the neutron is a component of the ^{9}Be, ^{12}C, and ^{197}Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1σ. The cross section of the reaction Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be is determined to be σ(Ξ^{0}+^{9}Be→Ξ^{-}+p+^{8}Be)=(22.1±5.3_{stat}±4.5_{sys})  mb at the Ξ^{0} momentum of 0.818  GeV/c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξ^{-}p final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.

Measurements of Normalized Differential Cross Sections of Inclusive π^{0} and K_{S}^{0} Production in e^{+}e^{-} Annihilation at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV

Based on electron positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage rings, the differential cross sections of inclusive π^{0} and K_{S}^{0} production as a function of hadron momentum, normalized by the total cross section of the e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons process, are measured at six center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. Our results, which cover a relative hadron energy range from 0.1 to 0.9, significantly deviate from several theoretical calculations based on existing fragmentation functions.

Precision Measurement of the Decay Σ^{+}→pγ in the Process J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-}

Using (10 087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the radiative hyperon decay Σ^{+}→pγ is studied at an electron-positron collider experiment for the first time. The absolute branching fraction is measured to be (0.996±0.021_{stat}±0.018_{syst})×10^{-3}, which is lower than its world average value by 4.2 standard deviations. Its decay asymmetry parameter is determined to be -0.652±0.056_{stat}±0.020_{syst}. The branching fraction and decay asymmetry parameter are the most precise to date, and the accuracies are improved by 78% and 34%, respectively.

Characterization of Two Mitogenomes of Hyla sanchiangensis (Anura: Hylidae), with Phylogenetic Relationships and Selection Pressure Analyses of Hylidae

Hyla sanchiangensis (Anura: Hylidae) is endemic to China and is distributed across Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. The mitogenomes of H. sanchiangensis from two different sites (Jinxiu, Guangxi, and Wencheng, Zhejiang) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted, including 38 mitogenomes of Hylidae from the NCBI database, and assessed the phylogenetic relationship of H. sanchiangensis within the analyzed dataset. Two mitogenomes of H. sanchiangensis showed the typical mitochondrial gene arrangement with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). The lengths of the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from both samples (Jinxiu and Wencheng) were 933 bp and 1604 bp, respectively. The genetic distance (p-distance transformed into percent) on the basis of the mitogenomes (excluding the control region) of the two samples was calculated as 4.4%. Hyla sanchiangensis showed a close phylogenetic relationship with the clade of (H. annectans + H. tsinlingensis), which was supported by ML and BI analyses. In the branch-site model, five positive selection sites were found in the clade of Hyla and Dryophytes: Cytb protein (at position 316), ND3 protein (at position 85), and ND5 protein (at position 400) have one site, respectively, and two sites in ND4 protein (at positions 47 and 200). Based on the results, we hypothesized that the positive selection of Hyla and Dryophytes was due to their experience of cold stress in historical events, but more evidence is needed to support this conclusion.

[Structural characteristics of lower respiratory tract microflora in patients with pneumoconiosis]

Objective: To explore the composition of bacteria in lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and to compare and analyze the difference and correlation between them. Methods: From May 2020 to January 2021, a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to select patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage treatment at the Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Department of the 920th Hospital of the Joint Support Force and the Respiratory Department of Tongren Hospital in Kunming, as well as the population of dust recipients. A total of 24 patients with pneumoconiosis (pneumoconiosis group) were included, and 16 dust exposed individuals (dust exposed group) were used as controls. Two groups of patients' alveolar lavage fluid were collected. The 16SrRNA gene V3-V4 sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis platform were used to measure and analyze the differences in microbial structure composition and associations between bacterial communities. Results: Compared with the dust exposed group, the top 5 bacterial phyla in the alveolar lavage fluid level of patients with pneumoconiosis were the same, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Compared with the dust exposure group, the pneumoconiosis group patients belong to the top 5 genera of horizontal flora abundance, which are different. The dust exposure group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Proctor, Streptococcus, Achromobacter, and Neisseria. The pneumoconiosis group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, and Proctor. The Alpha diversity analysis results showed that compared with the dust exposed group, the level of bacterial diversity in the pneumoconiosis group was difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial evenness (P>0.05) ; Beta diversity showed differences in microbial community structure between the two groups (P<0.05 ). Single factor microbial association network analysis showed that there was a high correlation between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the pneumoconiosis and dust exposed groups and other species, showing a positive correlation; The correlation between Proteobacteria and other species is high, showing a negative correlation. Conclusion: The structure and relative abundance of bacteria in lower respiratory tract were different between patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and the diversity of bacteria in lower respiratory tract increased in patients with pneumoconiosis, which may be related to disease status.

Measurements of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Neutron for Timelike Momentum Transfer

We present the first measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron in the timelike (positive q^{2}) region as function of four-momentum transfer. We explored the differential cross sections of the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→n[over ¯]n with data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 354.6  pb^{-1} in total at twelve center-of-mass energies between sqrt[s]=2.0-2.95  GeV. A relative uncertainty of 18% and 12% for the electric and magnetic form factors, respectively, is achieved at sqrt[s]=2.3935  GeV. Our results are comparable in accuracy to those from electron scattering in the comparable spacelike region of four-momentum transfer. The electromagnetic form factor ratio R_{em}≡|G_{E}|/|G_{M}| is within the uncertainties close to unity. We compare our result on |G_{E}| and |G_{M}| to recent model predictions, and the measurements in the spacelike region to test the analyticity of electromagnetic form factors.

Observation of a New X(3872) Production Process e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872)

Using 4.7  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data at center-of-mass energies from 4.661 to 4.951 GeV collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we observe the X(3872) production process e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872) for the first time. The significance is 7.8σ, including both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The e^{+}e^{-}→ωX(3872) Born cross section and the corresponding upper limit at 90% confidence level at each energy point are reported. The line shape of the cross section indicates that the ωX(3872) signals may be from the decays of some nontrivial structures.

[A long-term follow-up study of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome]

Objective: To investigate the effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome(OVS) through long-term follow-up. Methods: A total of 187 OVS patients were divided into the NIPPV group(n=92) and the non-NIPPV group(n=95). Of these, 85 males and 7 females were in the NIPPV group with an average age of (66.5±8.5) years(range 47-80 years); 89 males and 6 females were in the non-NIPPV group with an average age of (67.4±7.8) years(range 44-79 years). Follow-up was performed from enrolment with an average duration of 39(20, 51) months. The all-cause mortality was compared between the two groups. Result: There were no significant differences in their baseline clinical characteristics(all P>0.05), indicating that the data from the two groups were comparable. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed no difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups(log rank P=0.229). However, deaths from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were higher in the non-NIPPV than in the NIPPV group(15.8% vs. 6.5%,P=0.045). Age, BMI, neck circumference, PaCO_2, FEV₁, FEV₁%, moderate to severe OSA(AHI>15 events/h), mMRC, CAT, number of acute exacerbations of COPD and number of hospitalizations were associated with all-cause death in OVS patients; among which, age(HR 1.067, 95%CI 1.017-1.119, P=0.008), FEV₁(HR 0.378, 95%CI 0.176-0.811, P=0.013), and number of COPD exacerbations(HR 1.298, 95%CI 1.102-1.530, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients. Conclusions: The combination of NIPPV and conventional treatment may reduce cardio-cerebrovascular disease-related mortality in OVS patients. The deceased OVS patients had severe airflow limitation and mild to moderate OSA. Old age, low FEV₁ and COPD exacerbations were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients.

[Advancements in corneal sensory reconstruction for the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy]

Neurotrophic corneal disease is a degenerative eye condition that occurs due to damage to the trigeminal nerve. This condition presents as a persistent corneal epithelial defect, corneal ulceration, or even perforation, and the main cause is a loss of corneal nerve function. While traditional treatments mainly focus on supportive measures to repair corneal damage, they cannot cure the condition completely. A new surgical treatment option called corneal sensory reconstruction surgery can rebuild the corneal nerve, slow down the progression of the corneal disease, promote corneal epithelial repair, and improve vision. This article reviews the surgical techniques used in corneal sensory reconstruction, including direct nerve repositioning and indirect nerve transplantation, and discusses their treatment outcomes and future prospects.