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Werner M, Oliveira JCA, Meiser W, Buback M, Mata RA. Critical Assessment of RAFT Equilibrium Constants: Theory Meets Experiment. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dhawa U, Tian C, Wdowik T, Oliveira JCA, Hao J, Ackermann L. Enantioselective Pallada-Electrocatalyzed C-H Activation by Transient Directing Groups: Expedient Access to Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13451-13457. [PMID: 32243685 PMCID: PMC7497116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric pallada‐electrocatalyzed C−H olefinations were achieved through the synergistic cooperation with transient directing groups. The electrochemical, atroposelective C−H activations were realized with high position‐, diastereo‐, and enantio‐control under mild reaction conditions to obtain highly enantiomerically‐enriched biaryls and fluorinated N−C axially chiral scaffolds. Our strategy provided expedient access to, among others, novel chiral BINOLs, dicarboxylic acids and helicenes of value to asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic studies by experiments and computation provided key insights into the catalyst's mode of action.
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Dhawa U, Tian C, Wdowik T, Oliveira JCA, Hao J, Ackermann L. Enantioselektive Pallada‐elektrokatalysierte C‐H‐Aktivierung durch transiente dirigierende Gruppen: Ein nützlicher Zugang zu Helicenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ang NWJ, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Elektro‐reduktive Cobalt‐katalysierte Carboxylierung: Kreuzelektrophile Elektrokupplung mit atmosphärischem CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ghorai D, Ackermann L. Mechanistische Studien zu Cobalta(III/IV/II)‐Elektrokatalyse: Oxidativ‐induzierte reduktive Eliminierung zur zweifachen C‐H‐Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ghorai D, Ackermann L. Insights into Cobalta(III/IV/II)-Electrocatalysis: Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination for Twofold C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10955-10960. [PMID: 32154625 PMCID: PMC7318662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The merger of cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation and electrosynthesis provides new avenues for resource‐economical molecular syntheses, unfortunately their reaction mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we report the identification and full characterization of electrochemically generated high‐valent cobalt(III/IV) complexes as crucial intermediates in electrochemical cobalt‐catalyzed C−H oxygenations. Detailed mechanistic studies provided support for an oxidatively‐induced reductive elimination via highly‐reactive cobalt(IV) intermediates. These key insights set the stage for unprecedented cobaltaelectro two‐fold C−H/C−H activation.
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Zhu C, Stangier M, Oliveira JCA, Massignan L, Ackermann L. Iron-Electrocatalyzed C-H Arylations: Mechanistic Insights into Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination for Ferraelectrocatalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:16382-16389. [PMID: 31658385 PMCID: PMC6972497 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, organometallic C-H transformations are dominated by precious 5d and 4d transition metals, such as iridium, palladium and rhodium. In contrast, the unique potential of less toxic Earth-abundant 3d metals has been underexplored. While iron is the most naturally abundant transition metal, its use in oxidative, organometallic C-H activation has faced major limitations due to the need for superstoichiometric amounts of corrosive, cost-intensive DCIB as the sacrificial oxidant. To fully address these restrictions, we describe herein the unprecedented merger of electrosynthesis with iron-catalyzed C-H activation through oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Thus, ferra- and manganaelectro-catalyzed C-H arylations were accomplished at mild reaction temperatures with ample scope by the action of sustainable iron catalysts, employing electricity as a benign oxidant.
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Kong WJ, Finger LH, Messinis AM, Kuniyil R, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Flow Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulations by Versatile C-H Activation: Mechanistic Support for Rhodium(III/IV). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17198-17206. [PMID: 31549815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flow-metallaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation was realized in terms of robust rhodaelectro-catalyzed alkyne annulations. To this end, a modular electro-flow cell with a porous graphite felt anode was designed to ensure efficient turnover. Thereby, a variety of C-H/N-H functionalizations proved amenable for alkyne annulations with high levels of regioselectivity and functional group tolerance, viable in both an inter- or intramolecular manner. The electro-flow C-H activation allowed easy scale up, while in-operando kinetic analysis was accomplished by online flow-NMR spectroscopy. Mechanistic studies suggest an oxidatively induced reductive elimination pathway on rhodium(III) in an electrocatalytic regime.
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Mo J, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Ackermann L. Eisenkatalysierte C‐H‐Aktivierung mit Propargylacetaten: Mechanistische Einblicke in Eisen(II) durch Experiment, Kinetik, Mössbauer‐Spektroskopie und Berechnung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mo J, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Ackermann L. Iron-Catalyzed C-H Activation with Propargyl Acetates: Mechanistic Insights into Iron(II) by Experiment, Kinetics, Mössbauer Spectroscopy, and Computation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12874-12878. [PMID: 31207070 PMCID: PMC7187192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An iron‐catalyzed C−H/N−H alkyne annulation was realized by using a customizable clickable triazole amide under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. A unifying mechanistic approach combining experiment, spectroscopy, kinetics, and computation provided strong support for facile C−H activation by a ligand‐to‐ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) mechanism. Combined Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis and DFT calculations were indicative of high‐spin iron(II) species as the key intermediates in the C−H activation manifold.
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Kong WJ, Finger LH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectrocatalysis for Annulative C-H Activation: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Versatile Double Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6342-6346. [PMID: 30835907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid access to structurally diversified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a controlled manner is of key significance in materials sciences. Herein, we describe a strategy featuring two distinct electrocatalytic C-H transformations for the synthesis of novel nonplanar PAHs. The combination of rhodaelectrooxidative C-H activation/[2+2+2] alkyne annulation of easily accessible boronic acids with electrocatalytic cyclodehydrogenation provided modular access to diversely substituted PAHs with electricity as a sustainable oxidant. The unique molecular topology as well as the photophysical and electronic properties of the thus obtained PAHs were fully analyzed. The unique power of this metallaelectrocatalysis method was demonstrated by the chemoselective assembly of synthetically useful iodo-substituted PAHs.
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Kong W, Finger LH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectrocatalysis for Annulative C−H Activation: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Versatile Double Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Pesciaioli F, Dhawa U, Oliveira JCA, Yin R, John M, Ackermann L. Enantioselective Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation Enabled by Chiral Carboxylic Acid Cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Qiu Y, Stangier M, Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Iridium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative C−H Activation by Chemoselective Redox-Catalyst Cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Qiu Y, Stangier M, Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Iridium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative C-H Activation by Chemoselective Redox-Catalyst Cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14179-14183. [PMID: 30199130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed electrochemical C-H activation was accomplished within a cooperative catalysis manifold, setting the stage for electrooxidative C-H alkenylations through weak O-coordination. The iridium-electrocatalyzed C-H activation featured high functional-group tolerance through assistance of a metal-free redox mediator through indirect electrolysis. Detailed mechanistic insights provided strong support for an organometallic C-H cleavage and a synergistic iridium(III/I)/redox catalyst regime, enabling the use of sustainable electricity as the terminal oxidant with improved selectivity features.
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Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Sau SC, Ang NWJ, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Allene Annulations by Mild Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Qiu Y, Struwe J, Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Electrochemical Azole C-H Amination. Chemistry 2018; 24:12784-12789. [PMID: 29901828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst- and chemical oxidant-free electrochemical azole C-H aminations were accomplished via cross-dehydrogenative C-H/N-H functionalization. The catalyst-free electrochemical C-H amination proved feasible on azoles with high levels of efficacy and selectivity, avoiding the use of stoichiometric oxidants under ambient conditions. Likewise, the C(sp3 )-H nitrogenation proved viable under otherwise identical conditions. The dehydrogenative C-H amination featured ample scope, including cyclic and acyclic aliphatic amines as well as anilines, and employed sustainable electricity as the sole oxidant.
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Mo J, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. 1,4-Iron Migration for Expedient Allene Annulations through Iron-Catalyzed C−H/N−H/C−O/C−H Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7719-7723. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Mo J, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. 1,4-Iron Migration for Expedient Allene Annulations through Iron-Catalyzed C−H/N−H/C−O/C−H Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Mei R, Sauermann N, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Electroremovable Traceless Hydrazides for Cobalt-Catalyzed Electro-Oxidative C–H/N–H Activation with Internal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7913-7921. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Zhu C, Oliveira JCA, Shen Z, Huang H, Ackermann L. Manganese(II/III/I)-Catalyzed C–H Arylations in Continuous Flow. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Nakanowatari S, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Bifurcated Nickel-Catalyzed Functionalizations: Heteroarene C−H Activation with Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Nakanowatari S, Müller T, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Bifurcated Nickel-Catalyzed Functionalizations: Heteroarene C−H Activation with Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15891-15895. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Wang H, Pesciaioli F, Oliveira JCA, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Synergistic Manganese(I) C−H Activation Catalysis in Continuous Flow: Chemoselective Hydroarylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Wang H, Pesciaioli F, Oliveira JCA, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Synergistic Manganese(I) C−H Activation Catalysis in Continuous Flow: Chemoselective Hydroarylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15063-15067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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