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Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Martín MT, Bernal JL, Ares AM. Trace analysis of flubendiamide in bee pollen using enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent clean-up and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pico J, Antolín B, Román L, Bernal J, Gómez M. Selection of the most suitable mixture of flours and starches for the improvement of gluten-free breads through their volatile profiles. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pico J, Reguilón MP, Bernal J, Gómez M. Effect of rice, pea, egg white and whey proteins on crust quality of rice flour-corn starch based gluten-free breads. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pico J, Tapia J, Bernal J, Gómez M. Comparison of different extraction methodologies for the analysis of volatile compounds in gluten-free flours and corn starch by GC/QTOF. Food Chem 2018; 267:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Valverde S, Ibáñez M, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Hernández F, Bernal J. Development and validation of ultra high performance-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based methods for the determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey. Food Chem 2018; 266:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Toribio L, Arranz S, Ares AM, Bernal J. Polymeric stationary phases based on poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(4-vinylpirydine) in the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography. Application to bee pollen. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:128-136. [PMID: 30150114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new polymer-based stationary phases; DCpak PBT (poly(butylene terephthalate)) and DCpak P4VP (poly(4-vinylpirydine)) were evaluated for the analysis of polyphenols using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The compounds studied included phenolic acids and flavonoids. The different variables that influence the chromatographic separation, such as type and percentage of organic modifier, additive, pressure and temperature were examined. Using the DCpak P4VP column the retention was exceptionally high, obtaining better results with the DCpak PBT column. The separation of nine polyphenols was achieved using a gradient of modifier (methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) from 5 to 50%, a pressure of 150 bar, a temperature of 35 °C and a flow-rate of 2 mL/min. The use of additives was necessary in order to obtain good peak shapes and efficiencies, achieving the best results with trifluoroacetic acid. LODs and LOQs values were lower than 5 μg/mL in all the cases; meanwhile, the %RSD values for method repeatability and inter-day reproducibility were lower than 3% and 10% respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of polyphenols in commercial bee pollen; four compounds, namely cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin and quercetin were identified and quantified.
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Pico J, Oduber F, Gómez M, Bernal J. Analytical feasibility of a solvent-assisted flavour evaporation method for aroma analyses in bread crumb. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3902-3909. [PMID: 30182518 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of bread aroma is essential in order to evaluate its quality as well as to improve it. The use of different methodologies for the analysis of volatile compounds lead to varying results. In the present study, the matrix effect, extraction efficiency, limits of detection and quantification as well as the precision of a proposed solvent-assisted flavour evaporation methodology were evaluated for the first time and compared with a reference method, both differing in the distillation step. The repeatability (<8%) and matrix effect (present in 15 of the 31 compounds) were improved with the proposed method but the extraction efficiencies (average of 52%) and the intermediate precision (>15%) were not as required. However, the applicability of the reference method was limited to breads with fat levels <2%. For breads higher in fat, the proposed method represents an alternative for aroma analysis.
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Pico J, Khomenko I, Capozzi V, Navarini L, Bernal J, Gómez M, Biasioli F. Analysis of volatile organic compounds in crumb and crust of different baked and toasted gluten-free breads by direct PTR-ToF-MS and fast-GC-PTR-ToF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:893-902. [PMID: 30019512 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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34
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Valverde S, Ares AM, Arribas M, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Development and validation of UHPLC–MS/MS methods for determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in royal jelly-based products. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pico J, Antolín B, Román L, Gómez M, Bernal J. Analysis of volatile compounds in gluten-free bread crusts with an optimised and validated SPME-GC/QTOF methodology. Food Res Int 2018; 106:686-695. [PMID: 29579975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aroma of bread crust, as one of the first characteristics perceived, is essential for bread acceptance. However, gluten-free bread crusts exhibit weak aroma. A SPME-GC/QTOF methodology was optimised with PCA and RSM and validated for the quantification of 44 volatile compounds in bread crust, extracting 0.75 g of crust at 60 °C for 51 min. LODs ranged between 3.60 and 1760 μg Kg-1, all the R2 were higher than 0.99 and %RSD for precision and %Er for accuracy were lower than 9% and 12%, respectively. A commercial wheat bread crust was quantified, and furfural was the most abundant compound. Bread crusts of wheat starch and of japonica rice, basmati rice and teff flours were also quantified. Teff flour and wheat starch crusts were very suitable for improving gluten-free bread crust aroma, due to their similar content in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone compared to wheat flour crust and also for their high content in pyrazines.
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Pico J, Martínez MM, Bernal J, Gómez M. Impact of frozen storage time on the volatile profile of wheat bread crumb. Food Chem 2017; 232:185-190. [PMID: 28490062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The freezing of wheat bread before aroma analyses is a common practice in order to preserve loss of the volatile profile. However, the impact of the frozen storage time on the aroma profile has not been studied. For this purpose, the volatile profiles of wheat bread frozen for 1, 2 and 4weeks were analysed employing solvent extraction and static headspace methoologies with GC/MS. The results revealed that the freezing was effective to prevent the loss of volatiles during the first week. However, after two weeks, there was an increase of volatile compounds, probably generated by chemical reactions. Thus, a maximum of one week of frozen storage was recommended when using the solvent extraction methodology. When using the static headspace method, the samples should be analysed on the same day as preparation, since the extraction was surprisingly increased due to the starch retrogradation that occurred during freezing.
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Pico J, Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Gómez M. Inhibition of fermentation evolution in bread doughs for aroma analyses. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Extraction and determination of bioactive compounds from bee pollen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:110-124. [PMID: 28851545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times bee pollen has been considered a good source of bioactive substances and energy. Taking into account the current demand for healthy and natural foods, it is not surprising that bee pollen has been attracting commercial interest in recent years, making it one of the most widely consumed food supplements. It has been extensively reported that bee pollen contains several health-promoting compounds, such as proteins, amino acids, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins or minerals. Thus, this study aims to give an overview of the extraction and determination techniques of several of the above-mentioned compounds which have been published in the last few years (2011-2017). The design of the study is in accordance with the different families of bioactive compounds, and the extraction procedures together with the analytical techniques employed and their determination are discussed. A list of some of the most relevant applications is provided for each category, including a brief summary of the experimental conditions. The references included will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of and insight into the analysis of bioactive compounds from bee pollen.
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Pico J, Martínez MM, Bernal J, Gómez M. Evolution of volatile compounds in gluten-free bread: From dough to crumb. Food Chem 2017; 227:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Valverde S, Ares AM, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and metazachlor residues in soil by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Esparza-González SC, Sánchez-Valdés S, Ramírez-Barrón SN, Loera-Arias MJ, Bernal J, Meléndez-Ortiz HI, Betancourt-Galindo R. Effects of different surface modifying agents on the cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:134-141. [PMID: 27666655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention in the medical field because of their antibacterial properties, primarily for killing and reducing the activity of numerous microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surface-modified ZnO NPs exhibit different properties compared with unmodified ZnO. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of modified ZnO NPs as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokine production were evaluated. ZnO NPs were prepared using a wet chemical method. Then, the surfaces of these NPs were modified using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as modifying agents via a chemical hydrolysis method. According to infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), the structure of the ZnO remained unchanged after modification. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that APTES modification is more effective at inducing an antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Cytotoxicity studies showed that cell viability was dose-dependent; moreover, pristine and APTES-modified ZnO exhibited low cytotoxicity, whereas DMSO-modified ZnO exhibited toxicity even at a low NP concentration. An investigation of inflammatory cytokine production demonstrated that the extent of stimulation was related to the ZnO NP concentration but not to the surface modification, except for IFN-γ and IL-10, which were not detected even at high NP concentrations.
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Rubio E, Nuño J, Brandariz L, Domínguez I, Bernal J, Vivas A, Alonso O, González S, Pelaez P, Perea J, Garcia Borda J, Ferrero E. 465. Surgical aggressive treatment of primary and liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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43
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Valverde S, Bernal JL, Martín MT, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Fast determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in bee pollen using QuEChERS and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2470-2477. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Nozal MJ, Bernal JL, Bernal J. Development and validation of a specific method to quantify intact glucosinolates in honey by LC–MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Ares AM, Ayuso I, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Trace analysis of sulforaphane in bee pollen and royal jelly by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arnáiz E, Bernal J, Martín MT, Diego JC, Bernal JL, Recio LT. Optimisation of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Antioxidants from Broccoli Leaves. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Pico J, Gómez M, Bernal J, Bernal JL. Analytical methods for volatile compounds in wheat bread. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:55-71. [PMID: 26452307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bread aroma is one of the main requirements for its acceptance by consumers, since it is one of the first attributes perceived. Sensory analysis, crucial to be correlated with human perception, presents limitations and needs to be complemented with instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is usually selected as the technique to determine bread volatile compounds, although proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry begins also to be used to monitor aroma processes. Solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and headspace analysis are the main options for the sample treatment. The present review focuses on the different sample treatments and instrumental alternatives reported in the literature to analyse volatile compounds in wheat bread, providing advantages and limitations. Usual parameters employed in these analytical methods are also described.
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Ares AM, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine intact glucosinolates in bee pollen. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Pico J, Bernal J, Gómez M. Wheat bread aroma compounds in crumb and crust: A review. Food Res Int 2015; 75:200-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method to determine sulforaphane in honey. Food Chem 2015; 181:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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