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Hanks NA, Caruso JA, Zhang P. Assessing Pistia stratiotes for phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles and Ag(I) contaminated waters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 164:41-45. [PMID: 26342265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the phytoremediation capabilities of Pistia stratiotes in silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and silver ion contaminated wastewaters, individual plants were grown in media spiked with different concentrations of silver nanoparticle and silver ions (0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg L(-1)). Control experiments were carried out at the same time for comparison purposes. Visual changes in the plants were also recorded periodically during each experiment. Total silver concentrations were monitored in the media before, during, and at the termination of the experiments. In addition, analysis of total silver in plant root and leaf samples after termination were carried out to determine the effect of the different media concentrations. The results showed that P. stratiotes can survive in AgNP and ions under 0.02 mg L(-1) and contaminants are retained within the plant. The use of P. stratiotes as a phytoremediator shows potential in removing heavy metal nanoparticles and is competitive in its removal of the ion counterpart. Even higher concentrations of silver, regardless of form, can be reduced to lower levels than the World Health Organization's maximum contamination limit.
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Caruso JA, Karakas C, Zhang J, Yi M, Albarracin C, Sahin A, Bondy M, Liu J, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Elafin is downregulated during breast and ovarian tumorigenesis but its residual expression predicts recurrence. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:3417. [PMID: 25551582 PMCID: PMC4326485 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elafin is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor. The majority of breast cancer cell lines lack elafin expression compared to human mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that elafin is downregulated during breast and ovarian tumorigenesis. METHODS We examined elafin expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in specimens of normal breast tissue (n = 24), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 54), and invasive breast cancer (n = 793). IHC analysis of elafin expression was also performed in normal fallopian tube tissue (n = 20), ovarian cystadenomas (n = 9), borderline ovarian tumors (n = 21), and invasive ovarian carcinomas (n = 216). To understand the significance of elafin in luminal breast cancer cell lines, wild-type or M25G elafin (lacking the protease inhibitory function) were exogenously expressed in MCF-7 and T47D cells. RESULTS Elafin expression was downregulated in 24% of DCIS and 83% of invasive breast tumors when compared to elafin expression in the normal mammary epithelium. However, the presence of elafin-positive cells in invasive breast tumors, even at low frequency, correlated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS), reduced overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological markers of aggressive tumor behavior. Elafin-positive cells were an especially strong and independent prognostic marker of reduced RFS in IHC-defined luminal A-like tumors. Elafin was also downregulated in 33% of ovarian cystadenomas, 43% of borderline ovarian tumors, and 86% of invasive ovarian carcinomas when compared to elafin expression in the normal fallopian tube. In ovarian tumors, elafin-positive cells were correlated with reduced RFS, OS and disease-specific survival (DSS) only in stage I/II patients and not in stage III/IV patients. Notably, exogenous expression of elafin or elafin M25G in the luminal breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D significantly decreased cell proliferation in a protease inhibitory domain-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS Elafin predicts poor outcome in breast and ovarian cancer patients and delineates a subset of endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer patients susceptible to recurrence who could benefit from more aggressive intervention. Our in vitro results suggest that elafin arrests luminal breast cancer cells, perhaps suggesting a role in tumor dormancy.
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Sanders MA, Madoux F, Mladenovic L, Zhang H, Ye X, Angrish M, Mottillo EP, Caruso JA, Halvorsen G, Roush WR, Chase P, Hodder P, Granneman JG. Endogenous and Synthetic ABHD5 Ligands Regulate ABHD5-Perilipin Interactions and Lipolysis in Fat and Muscle. Cell Metab 2015; 22:851-60. [PMID: 26411340 PMCID: PMC4862007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fat and muscle lipolysis involves functional interactions of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), α-β hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), and tissue-specific perilipins 1 and 5 (PLIN1 and PLIN5). ABHD5 potently activates ATGL, but this lipase-promoting activity is suppressed when ABHD5 is bound to PLIN proteins on lipid droplets. In adipocytes, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of PLIN1 rapidly releases ABHD5 to activate ATGL, but mechanisms for rapid regulation of PLIN5-ABHD5 interaction in muscle are unknown. Here, we identify synthetic ligands that release ABHD5 from PLIN1 or PLIN5 without PKA activation and rapidly activate adipocyte and muscle lipolysis. Molecular imaging and affinity probe labeling demonstrated that ABHD5 is directly targeted by these synthetic ligands and additionally revealed that ABHD5-PLIN interactions are regulated by endogenous ligands, including long-chain acyl-CoA. Our results reveal a new locus of lipolysis control and suggest ABHD5 ligands might be developed into novel therapeutics that directly promote fat catabolism.
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Caruso JA, Campana R, Wei C, Su CH, Hanks AM, Bornmann WG, Keyomarsi K. Indole-3-carbinol and its N-alkoxy derivatives preferentially target ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2587-99. [PMID: 25486199 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2015.942210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a natural anti-carcinogenic compound found at high concentrations in Brassica vegetables. I3C was recently reported to inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, while consequently limiting the proteolytic processing of full length cyclin E into pro-tumorigenic low molecular weight cyclin E (LMW-E). In this study, we hypothesized that inhibition of NE activity and resultant LMW-E generation is critical to the anti-tumor effects of I3C. LMW-E was predominately expressed by ERα-negative breast cancer cell lines. However, ERα-positive cell lines demonstrated the greatest sensitivity to the anti-tumor effects of I3C and its more potent N-alkoxy derivatives. We found that I3C was incapable of inhibiting NE activity or the generation of LMW-E. Therefore, this pathway did not contribute to the anti-tumor activity of I3C. Gene expression analyzes identified ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which mediated sensitivity to the anti-tumor effects of I3C in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells. In this model system, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced upregulation of ATF-3 and pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins (e.g. NOXA) contributed to the sensitivity of ERα-positive breast cancer cells to the anti-tumor effects of I3C. Overexpression of ERα in MDA-MB-231 cells, which normally lack ERα expression, increased sensitivity to the anti-tumor effects of I3C, demonstrating a direct role for ERα in mediating the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to I3C. Our results suggest that ERα signaling amplified the pro-apoptotic effect of I3C-induced AhR signaling in luminal breast cancer cell lines, which was mediated in part through oxidative stress induced upregulation of ATF-3 and downstream BH3-only proteins.
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Key Words
- AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- CYP, cytochrome p450 oxidases
- DIM, 3,3-diindoylmethane
- ERα, estrogen receptor α
- HMECs, human mammary epithelial cells
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- LMW-E, low molecular weight cyclin E
- NE, neutrophil elastase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPPA, reverse phase protein array
- TNBC, triple-receptor negative breast cancer
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- estrogen receptor α
- indole-3-carbinol
- neutrophil elastase
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Kovacevic L, Lu H, Goldfarb DS, Lakshmanan Y, Caruso JA. Urine proteomic analysis in cystinuric children with renal stones. J Pediatr Urol 2015; 11:217.e1-6. [PMID: 26076823 PMCID: PMC4540695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gene mutations responsible for cystinuria do not fully explain kidney stone activity, suggesting that specific proteins may serve as promoters of cystine precipitation, aggregation or epithelial adherence. In this study we assessed (1) the differences in the urinary proteins between children with cystinuria and kidney stones (CYS) and healthy controls (HC), with particular attention to the fibrosis-related proteins, and (2) the presence of diagnostic biomarkers for CYS. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a pilot study comparing individual urinary proteomes of 2 newly diagnosed children with CYS and 2 age- and gender-matched HC, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relative protein abundance was estimated using spectral counting. Proteins of interest in both CYS and HC were selected using the following criteria: i) ≥5 spectral counts; ii) ≥2-fold difference in spectral counts; and iii) ≤0.05 p-value for the Fisher's Exact Test. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates a different urinary polypeptide profile in two children with CYS compared to two HC. Of the 623 proteins identified by proteomic analysis, 180 exhibited at least a 2-fold increased relative abundance in CYS compared to HC. Of these, 39 were involved in response to stress, 26 in response to wounding, 21 in inflammatory response, 18 in immune response, and 4 in cellular response to oxidative stress. 133 proteins were found only in children with CYS, 33 of which met the selection criteria. Of these 33 unique proteins, six are known to be associated with fibrosis pathways (Table). The major limitation of this study is the small number of samples that were analyzed. Validation using highly specific methods such as ELISA is needed. CONCLUSION We provide proteomic evidence of oxidative injury, inflammation, wound healing and fibrosis in two children with CYS. We speculate that oxidative stress and inflammation may cause remodeling via actin and vimentin pathways, leading to fibrosis. Additionally, we identified ITIH and MMP-9 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in CYS. These proteins merit further investigation.
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Caruso JA, Karakas C, Zhang J, Yi M, Albarracin C, Sahin A, Bondy M, Liu J, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Erratum to: Elafin is downregulated during breast and ovarian tumorigenesis but its residual expression predicts recurrence. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:87. [PMID: 26108797 PMCID: PMC4480452 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kovacevic L, Lu H, Caruso JA, Lakshmanan Y. MP40-15 RENAL TUBULAR INJURY IN PEDIATRIC NEPHROLITHIASIS: PROTEOMIC EVIDENCE. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gong J, Solivio MJ, Merino EJ, Caruso JA, Landero-Figueroa JA. Developing ICP-MS/MS for the detection and determination of synthetic DNA-protein crosslink models via phosphorus and sulfur detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2433-7. [PMID: 25651903 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Various endogenous and exogenous agents drive the un-directed formation of covalent bonds between proteins and DNA. These complex molecules are of great biological relevance, as can derive in mutations, but are difficult to study because of their heterogeneous chemical properties. New analytical approaches with sufficient detection capabilities to detect and quantify these compounds can help to standardize study models based on synthesized standards. The use of atomic spectrometry can provide quantitative information on the DNA-protein cross-link reaction yield along with basic stoichiometry of the products, based on internal elemental tags, sulfur from Cys and Met amino acids, and phosphorus from the DNA. A new instrumental approach to remove isobaric and polyatomic interferences from (31)P(+) and (32)S(+) was developed recently, with state-of-the-art for interference removal that captures (31)P(+) in Q1; it reacts with O2 in an octopole collision-reaction cell generating (47)PO(+), therefore allowing detection in Q3 without (31)NOH(+)/(48)Ca/(47)Ti interferences. Similarly, (32)S(+) is reacted to (48)SO(+), eliminating the polyatomic interferences at m/z = 32. In conjunction with the high resolving power of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this newer technology was applied by to the product purification of a DNA-protein cross link model and some preliminary structural studies.
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Ahmadov TO, Joshi P, Zhang J, Nahan K, Caruso JA, Zhang P. Paramagnetic relaxation based biosensor for selective dopamine detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11425-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a new NMR relaxation time-based method for sensitive and selective dopamine detection using paramagnetic nanoparticles.
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Kovacevic L, Lu H, Caruso JA, Lakshmanan Y. MP26-16 HYPERCALCIURIC RENAL STONES LINKED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS: PROTEOMICS-BASED EVIDENCE. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Caruthers NJ, Stemmer PM, Shin N, Dombkowski A, Caruso JA, Gill R, Rosenspire A. Mercury alters B-cell protein phosphorylation profiles. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:496-505. [PMID: 24224561 PMCID: PMC4167842 DOI: 10.1021/pr400657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to mercury is suggested to contribute to human immune dysfunction. To shed light on the mechanism, we identified changes in the phosphoproteomic profile of the WEHI-231 B cell line after intoxication with Hg(2+). These changes were compared to changes in the phosphoproteome that were induced by pervanadate or okadaic acid exposure. Both 250 μM HgCl2 and pervanadate, a known phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, caused an increase in the number of proteins identified after TiO2 affinity selection and LC-MS/MS analysis. Pervanadate treatment had a larger effect than Hg(2+) on the number of Scansite motifs that were tyrosine-phosphorylated, 17, and Ingenuity canonical signaling pathways activated, 4, with score >5.0. However, Hg(2+) had a more focused effect, primarily causing tyrosine-phosphorylation in src homology 2 domains in proteins that are in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. The finding that many of the changes induced by Hg(2+) overlap with those of pervanadate, indicates that at high concentrations Hg(2+) inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases.
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Caruso JA, Stemmer PM, Dombkowski A, Caruthers NJ, Gill R, Rosenspire AJ. A systems toxicology approach identifies Lyn as a key signaling phosphoprotein modulated by mercury in a B lymphocyte cell model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 276:47-54. [PMID: 24440445 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Network and protein-protein interaction analyses of proteins undergoing Hg²⁺-induced phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in Hg²⁺-intoxicated mouse WEHI-231 B cells identified Lyn as the most interconnected node. Lyn is a Src family protein tyrosine kinase known to be intimately involved in the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Under normal signaling conditions the tyrosine kinase activity of Lyn is controlled by phosphorylation, primarily of two well known canonical regulatory tyrosine sites, Y-397 and Y-508. However, Lyn has several tyrosine residues that have not yet been determined to play a major role under normal signaling conditions, but are potentially important sites for phosphorylation following mercury exposure. In order to determine how Hg²⁺ exposure modulates the phosphorylation of additional residues in Lyn, a targeted MS assay was developed. Initial mass spectrometric surveys of purified Lyn identified 7 phosphorylated tyrosine residues. A quantitative assay was developed from these results using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) strategy. WEHI-231 cells were treated with Hg²⁺, pervanadate (a phosphatase inhibitor), or anti-Ig antibody (to stimulate the BCR). Results from these studies showed that the phosphoproteomic profile of Lyn after exposure of the WEHI-231 cells to a low concentration of Hg²⁺ closely resembled that of anti-Ig antibody stimulation, whereas exposure to higher concentrations of Hg²⁺ led to increases in the phosphorylation of Y-193/Y-194, Y-501 and Y-508 residues. These data indicate that mercury can disrupt a key regulatory signal transduction pathway in B cells and point to phospho-Lyn as a potential biomarker for mercury exposure.
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Vignesh KS, Landero Figueroa JA, Porollo A, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. Zinc sequestration: arming phagocyte defense against fungal attack. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003815. [PMID: 24385902 PMCID: PMC3873440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Subramanian Vignesh K, Landero Figueroa JA, Porollo A, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor induced Zn sequestration enhances macrophage superoxide and limits intracellular pathogen survival. Immunity 2013; 39:697-710. [PMID: 24138881 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages possess numerous mechanisms to combat microbial invasion, including sequestration of essential nutrients, like zinc (Zn). The pleiotropic cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances antimicrobial defenses against intracellular pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum, but its mode of action remains elusive. We have found that GM-CSF-activated infected macrophages sequestered labile Zn by inducing binding to metallothioneins (MTs) in a STAT3 and STAT5 transcription-factor-dependent manner. GM-CSF upregulated expression of Zn exporters, Slc30a4 and Slc30a7; the metal was shuttled away from phagosomes and into the Golgi apparatus. This distinctive Zn sequestration strategy elevated phagosomal H⁺ channel function and triggered reactive oxygen species generation by NADPH oxidase. Consequently, H. capsulatum was selectively deprived of Zn, thereby halting replication and fostering fungal clearance. GM-CSF mediated Zn sequestration via MTs in vitro and in vivo in mice and in human macrophages. These findings illuminate a GM-CSF-induced Zn-sequestration network that drives phagocyte antimicrobial effector function.
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Chitta KR, Landero-Figueroa JA, Kodali P, Caruso JA, Merino EJ. Identification of selenium-containing proteins in HEK 293 kidney cells using multiple chromatographies, LC–ICPMS and nano-LC–ESIMS. Talanta 2013; 114:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Deranieh RM, He Q, Caruso JA, Greenberg ML. Phosphorylation regulates myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase: a novel regulatory mechanism of inositol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26822-33. [PMID: 23902760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
myo-Inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) plays a crucial role in inositol homeostasis. Transcription of the coding gene INO1 is highly regulated. However, regulation of the enzyme is not well defined. We previously showed that MIPS is indirectly inhibited by valproate, suggesting that the enzyme is post-translationally regulated. Using (32)Pi labeling and phosphoamino acid analysis, we show that yeast MIPS is a phosphoprotein. Mass spectrometry analysis identified five phosphosites, three of which are conserved in the human MIPS. Analysis of phosphorylation-deficient and phosphomimetic site mutants indicated that the three conserved sites in yeast (Ser-184, Ser-296, and Ser-374) and humans (Ser-177, Ser-279, and Ser-357) affect MIPS activity. Both S296A and S296D yeast mutants and S177A and S177D human mutants exhibited decreased enzymatic activity, suggesting that a serine residue is critical at that location. The phosphomimetic mutations S184D (human S279D) and S374D (human S357D) but not the phosphodeficient mutations decreased activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of these two sites is inhibitory. The double mutation S184A/S374A caused an increase in MIPS activity, conferred a growth advantage, and partially rescued sensitivity to valproate. Our findings identify a novel mechanism of regulation of inositol synthesis by phosphorylation of MIPS.
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Chitta KR, Landero Figueroa JA, Caruso JA, Merino EJ. Selenium mediated arsenic toxicity modifies cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species and phosphorylated proteins. Metallomics 2013; 5:673-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Qin Z, Lai B, Landero J, Caruso JA. Coupling transmission electron microscopy with synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microscopy to image vascular copper. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:1043-1049. [PMID: 23093768 DOI: 10.1107/s090904951203405x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SRXRF), the copper accumulation in rat aortic elastin and copper topography in human THP-1 cell monolayer have been described. However, it is necessary to locate more accurately cellular copper in the vascular cells and tissues. In the current study, SRXRF coupling with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image copper in sections of human THP-1 cells and mouse aorta. The results showed that sections of 1 µm thickness are required for SRXRF producing a correlative image with TEM between copper topography and cellular ultrastructure. As compared with SRXRF alone, coupling TEM with SRXRF can clearly identify the location of copper in the nucleus and nucleolus in non-dividing THP-1 cell sections, and can differentiate the copper location at elastic laminae from collagen in mouse aortic sections. Thus, these results revealed new information about the copper topography in vascular cells and tissues and highlighted the potential of TEM-SRXRF to investigate the role of copper in macrophage and aortic homeostasis.
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Kodali P, Chitta KR, Landero Figueroa JA, Caruso JA, Adeoye O. Detection of metals and metalloproteins in the plasma of stroke patients by mass spectrometry methods. Metallomics 2012; 4:1077-87. [PMID: 22983496 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, worldwide. Metalloproteins and metals play key roles in epigenetic events in living organisms, including hypertension, the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Thus, metalloproteins may be important target biomarkers for disease diagnosis. The primary goal of this study was to assess metal containing proteins in blood plasma, detected by ICP-MS, followed by ESIMS for peptide/protein identification. We then compared the relative concentration differences between samples from patients with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and stroke mimics. In 29 plasma samples (10 stroke mimics, 10 ischemic stroke and 9 hemorrhagic stroke patients) previously collected from patients who presented to the University of Cincinnati Emergency Department within 12 hours of symptom onset for a plasma banking project. For the metal associated protein study, Mg, Mn, Cu, Se concentrations were statistically different when compared between stroke mimics vs. ischemic stroke patients and ischemic stroke patients vs. hemorrhagic stroke patients. Pb concentrations were statistically different when compared between stroke mimics vs. ischemic stroke patients and Mo levels were statistically the same among the three groups. In addition, we also report concentration levels and preliminary correlation studies for total elemental analysis among the three sets of patients. This pilot study demonstrates that mass spectrometry methods may be highly valuable in detecting novel stroke biomarkers in blood plasma. Expanded studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Trenary HR, Creed PA, Young AR, Mantha M, Schwegel CA, Xue J, Kohan MJ, Herbin-Davis K, Thomas DJ, Caruso JA, Creed JT. An in vitro assessment of bioaccessibility of arsenicals in rice and the use of this estimate within a probabilistic exposure model. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:369-75. [PMID: 22549721 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an in vitro synthetic gastrointestinal extraction protocol was used to estimate bioaccessibility of different arsenicals present in 17 rice samples of various grain types that were collected across the United States. The across matrix average for total arsenic was 209 ng/g±153 (\[xmacr]±2σ). The bioaccessibility estimate produced an across matrix average of 61%±19 (\[xmacr]±2σ). The across matrix average concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were 81 ng/g±67.7 and 41 ng/g±58.1 (\[xmacr]±2σ), respectively. This distribution of iAs concentrations in rice was combined with the distribution of consumption patterns (from WWEIA) in a Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulator model to estimate population-based exposures. The mean consumption rate for the population as a whole was 15.7 g per day resulting in a 0.98 μg iAs per day exposure. The mean consumption rate for children 1-2 years old was 7 g per day resulting in a 0.48 μg iAs per day exposure. Presystemic biotransformation of DMA in rice was examined using an in vitro assay containing the anaerobic microbiota of mouse cecum. This assay indicated that DMA extracted from the rice was converted to dimethylthioarsinic acid, although a second oxygen-sulfur exchange to produce DMDTA was not observed.
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Catron B, Caruso JA, Limbach PA. Selective detection of peptide-oligonucleotide heteroconjugates utilizing capillary HPLC-ICPMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1053-1061. [PMID: 22451333 PMCID: PMC3348256 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A method for the selective detection and quantification of peptide:oligonucleotide heteroconjugates, such as those generated by protein:nucleic acid cross-links, using capillary reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (cap-RPHPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection (ICPMS) is described. The selective detection of phosphorus as (31)P(+), the only natural isotope, in peptide-oligonucleotide heteroconjugates is enabled by the elemental detection capabilities of the ICPMS. Mobile phase conditions that allow separation of heteroconjugates while maintaining ICPMS compatibility were investigated. We found that trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) mobile phases, used in conventional peptide separations, and hexafluoroisopropanol/triethylamine (HFIP/TEA) mobile phases, used in conventional oligonucleotide separations, both are compatible with ICPMS and enable heteroconjugate separation. The TFA-based separations yielded limits of detection (LOD) of ~40 ppb phosphorus, which is nearly seven times lower than the LOD for HFIP/TEA-based separations. Using the TFA mobile phase, 1-2 pmol of a model heteroconjugate were routinely separated and detected by this optimized capLC-ICPMS method.
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Chan Q, Caruso JA. A metallomics approach discovers selenium-containing proteins in selenium-enriched soybean. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1311-21. [PMID: 22456899 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study found that high-molecular-weight selenium (Se) species make up 82% of the total Se in the bean of Se-enriched soybean plants (Chan et al. 2010, Metallomics, 2(2): p. 147-153). The Se species have been commonly seen in other plants in addition to soybean, but their identities remain unresolved. The present study employs a multi-technique metallomics approach to characterize the proteins containing Se in the beans of Se-enriched soybean plants. Two main categories of proteins, maturation proteins and protease inhibitors, were found in Se-containing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions. The proteins were screened by two-dimensional HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and anion-exchange chromatography, and the Se-containing fractions were then identified by peptide mapping using HPLC-Chip-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Based on the belief that Se goes into proteins through non-specific incorporation, a new method was designed and applied for the Se-containing peptide identification. The Se-containing peptide KSDQSSSYDDDEYSKPCCDLCMCTRS, part of the sequence of protein Bowman-Birk proteinase isoinhibitor (Glycine max), was found in one of the Se-containing fractions. The nutritional value of the Se-containing proteins in Se-enriched soybeans will be an interesting topic for the future studies.
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Caruso JA, Karakas C, Hunt K, Keyomarsi K. Abstract 2466: Elafin, a serine protease inhibitor, is deregulated during breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Deregulated protease activity promotes diverse aspects of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Elafin is an endogenous inhibitor of the serine protease, Neutrophil Elastase (NE). Imbalance between NE and its inhibitors is implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases. We hypothesize that elafin is deregulated during breast cancer progression, resulting in increased NE activity, accelerated tumor progression, and overall poor patient outcome. To test this hypothesis, we examined elafin expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal breast tissue from reduction mammoplasty, pre-malignant Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS), and invasive breast carcinoma (n>1000, using Tissue Microarray [TMA]). We observed that elafin is intracellularly (predominate nuclear localization) expressed in normal breast tissue. In the majority (>80%) of DCIS cases, intracellular elafin is expressed in a manner consistent with normal breast tissue. However, in cases of invasive breast cancer, intracellular elafin is largely downregulated (>80% of cases) suggesting elafin loss may have a role in progression to invasive carcinoma. Interestingly, examination of elafin expression in invasive breast cancer also revealed a subset (10-20%) of tumors with robust cytoplasmic overexpression of elafin, correlating with poor outcome. Similar results were seen in TMAs of high-grade ovarian carcinoma (n>200). Examination of publically available microarray data (TCGA) demonstrates that elafin measured at the mRNA level is correlates with poor outcome in ovarian cancer, consistent with our IHC results, and good outcome in breast cancer, incompatible with our IHC results. To further investigate the expression of elafin in breast cancer we examined by IHC a patient cohort (>200 patients) for whom full sections (not TMA) were available. Using these patient samples we found a unique subset of breast cancer patients that demonstrate high-level secretion of elafin into the tumor stroma, significantly correlating with increased survival especially in ER negative patients. Collectively, these data suggest that the prognostic role of extracellular elafin is related to the well-characterized ability of elafin to modulate inflammation and immunity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2466. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2466
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Easter RN, Barry CG, Pyne-Geithman G, Caruso JA. Significant proteins affecting cerebral vasospasm using complementary ICPMS and MALDI-MS. Metallomics 2012; 4:48-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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