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Isert B, Mengel K, Bicker U, Friedberg KD. The influence on the formation of unstable haemoglobin by the immunomodulating 2-cyanaziridines azimexone and BM 41.332 in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1985; 7:179-93. [PMID: 4031509 DOI: 10.3109/08923978509047632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Azimexone causes in mice the formation of unstable haemoglobins after a single dose of 20 mg/kg. BM 41.332, another immunomodulating drug of the 2-cyanaziridine class, induces these unstable haemoglobins only after a single oral administration of 500 mg/kg. Subsequently to the formation of unstable haemoglobins we observed a development of Heinz bodies. These effects of the 2-cyanaziridines were elicited neither by methaemoglobin formation nor by an impairment of the components protecting haemoglobin against oxidation (G6PD, catalase, glutathione). The elimination of the altered haemoglobin in the spleen could be followed by measurement of the rise in the iron content of the spleen.
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Bicker U, Friedberg KD, Isert B, Mengel K. Comparative investigations of various immunoregulatory substances in the delayed type hypersensitivity test of the mouse. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1984; 6:57-67. [PMID: 6470496 DOI: 10.3109/08923978409026458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The substances D-penicillamine, auranofin, chloroquine, levamisole, BM 41.332, azimexone, bestatin, methisoprinol (inosiplex), thymosine (fraction 5), indomethacin and cyclophosphamide were examined comparatively in the delayed type hypersensitivity test after oxazolone sensitisation in mice. It was found, that only the basal antirheumatic drugs D-penicillamine, auranofin, chloroquine and levamisole and also BM 41.332 led to a potentiation of the DTH reactions. Methisoprinol, bestatin, azimexone, thymosine fraction 5 and indomethacin had no effect on the DTH, whilst the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide led to an inhibition of the DTH reaction. It is concluded that this pharmacological model is suitable for screening of new basal drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Schlick E, Mengel K, Friedberg KD. The effect of low lead doses in vitro and in vivo on the d-ala-d activity of erythrocytes, bone marrow cells, liver and brain of the mouse. Arch Toxicol 1983; 53:193-205. [PMID: 6615233 DOI: 10.1007/bf00316503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The d-ala-d activity in erythrocytes (RBC), femur bone marrow, liver and brain of mice was determined using a modification of the method of Berlin and Schaller (1974). In vitro incubation of lead acetate (PbAc) with these tissues resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the d-ala-d activity. The lead concentration which caused a 50% inhibition of the d-ala-d activity after 10 min incubation [ED-50(10 min)] was 0.78 mg PbAc/femur bone marrow, 3.72 micrograms PbAc/ml RBC, 15.85 micrograms PbAc/g brain and 43.05 micrograms PbAc/g liver. An increase in the incubation time to 60 min reduced these ED-50 values between 44% for the erythrocytic enzyme and 67% for the brain enzyme. In vivo treatment of mice with oral lead administration (absorbed dose range: 1-100 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w.) for 1 or 3 months led to a dose-dependent and organ-specific inhibition of the d-ala-d activity. After 3 months of oral lead supply the maximum enzyme inhibition (54%) was found in the bone marrow. At the same time the lowest enzyme inhibition could be seen in the brain which retained 73% of its activity. The erythrocytic and liver enzyme activity was 71% and 72% resp. of the appropriate control. Within 3 weeks after completing the oral lead administration the brain enzyme activity was completely restored. The erythrocytic and liver enzyme activities were still significantly, but not very markedly inhibited, whereas the bone marrow d-ala-d remained seriously depressed. According to these experiments, the lead dose which causes a long term inhibition of the bone marrow and erythrocytic d-ala-d activities is assumed to range between 50 and 100 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w. and day, as an absorbed dose.
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Mengel K, Robin P, Salsac L. Nitrate Reductase Activity in Shoots and Roots of Maize Seedlings as Affected by the Form of Nitrogen Nutrition and the pH of the Nutrient Solution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1983; 71:618-22. [PMID: 16662876 PMCID: PMC1066087 DOI: 10.1104/pp.71.3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen form (NH(4)-N, NH(4)-N + NO(3) (-), NO(3) (-)) on nitrate reductase activity in roots and shoots of maize (Zea mays L. cv INRA 508) seedlings was studied. Nitrate reductase activity in leaves was consistent with the well known fact that NO(3) (-) increases, and NH(4) (+) and amide-N decrease, nitrate reductase activity. Nitrate reductase activity in the roots, however, could not be explained by the root content of NO(3) (-), NH(4)-N, and amide-N. In roots, nitrate reductase activity in vitro was correlated with the rate of nitrate reduction in vivo. Inasmuch as nitrate reduction results in the production of OH(-) and stimulates the synthesis of organic anions, it was postulated that nitrate reductase activity of roots is stimulated by the released OH(-) or by the synthesized organic anions rather than by nitrate itself. Addition of HCO(3) (-) to nutrient solution of maize seedlings resulted in a significant increase of the nitrate reductase activity in the roots. As HCO(3) (-), like OH(-), increases pH and promotes the synthesis of organic anions, this provides circumstantial evidence that alkaline conditions and/or organic anions have a more direct impact on nitrate reductase activity than do NO(3) (-), NH(4)-N, and amide-N.
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Friedberg KD, Mengel K, Schlick E. The action of azimexone on the cells of the hemopoietic system in mice, especially after damage with X-rays. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 1983; 22:117-131. [PMID: 6611846 DOI: 10.1007/bf01338890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice were exposed to single doses of whole body X-irradiation (1 - 2 - 4 Gy) or were treated with sulphur mustard (15 mg/kg body weight i.p.). This treatment caused a reduction of the pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow, of the total count of nucleated bone marrow cells in the femora and of the WBC in the peripheral blood. The size distribution of the bone marrow cells showed three separate peaks. From the histological examination of the bone marrow of X-irradiated mice it was deduced that the first peak represents erythrocytes, the second lymphocytes and the third peak the precursors of red and white blood cells. Multiple doses (25 - 50 - 100 mg/kg body weight) of azimexone, an immunomodulating substance, led after moderate doses of X-rays (2 Gy) or sulphur mustard to a more rapid recovery of the various parameters. In particular a stimulant action of azimexone on the pluripotent stem cells of mice not subjected to the injurious agents could also be demonstrated.
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Mengel K, Bübl W. Verteilung von Eisen in Blättern von Weinreben mit HCO3− induzierter Fe-Chlorose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19831460504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mengel K, Steffens D. Beziehung zwischen Kationen/Anionen-Aufnahme von Rotklee und Protonenabscheidung der Wurzeln. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19821450303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mengel K, Malissiovas N. Light dependent proton excretion by roots of entire vine plants (Vitis vinifera L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19821450306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scherer HW, Schubert S, Mengel K. Einfluß der Kaliumernährung auf die Wachstumsrate, den Gehalt an Kohlenhydraten und die Wasserretention von jungen Weizenpflanzen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19821450304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Obigbesan GO, Mengel K. Use of electroultrafiltration (EUF) method for investigating the behaviour of phosphate fertilizers in tropical soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01834810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Behari JR, Mengel K, Friedberg KD. Zinc, copper and manganese in the organs of rats after sublethal cyanide intoxication. Arch Toxicol 1981; 48:41-50. [PMID: 7283747 DOI: 10.1007/bf00297074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Single doses of sodium cyanide (60 mumol/kg body weight s.c.) were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of this poison on the content of the trace elements zinc, copper and manganese was investigated in various organs after 30 min, 2 h, 24 h, 48 h and 1 week. The zinc content in the liver was elevated 24 h after this sublethal cyanide dose (by approximately 20%). In contrast, the copper content in the kidneys was lowered (by approximately 15%) at the same time. Almost similar changes were observed in the same organs after daily administration of the poison for 5 days. For comparison, another group of rats was allowed to respire for 30 min the air that contained only 10% oxygen. The above changes in the trace element concentrations were not observed under these conditions. After sublethal cyanide poisoning there seemed be slight but specific alterations in the trace element concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats. On the other hand, there were no alterations in serum, heart, lung, brain, muscle, bone or testes. Up to now there is no clearcut explanation for the development and the possible biochemical importance of these results.
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Helal HM, Mengel K. Interaction between Light Intensity and NaCl Salinity and Their Effects on Growth, CO(2) Assimilation, and Photosynthate Conversion in Young Broad Beans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 67:999-1002. [PMID: 16661809 PMCID: PMC425817 DOI: 10.1104/pp.67.5.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Seedings of Vicia faba were grown for four weeks at two different light intensities (55 and 105 watts per square meter) in a saline (50 millimolar NaCl) and nonsaline nutrient solution. NaCl salinity depressed growth and restricted protein formation, CO(2) assimilation, and especially the incorporation of photosynthates into the lipid fraction. Conversion of photosynthates in leaves was much more affected by salinity than was photosynthate turnover in roots. The detrimental effect of NaCl salinity on growth, protein formation, and CO(2) assimilation was greater under low than under high light conditions. Plants of the high light intensity treatment were more capable of excluding Na(+) and Cl(-) and accumulating nutrient cation species (Ca(2+), K(+), Mg(2+)) than plants grown under low light intensity. It is suggested that the improved ionic status provided better conditions for protein synthesis, CO(2) assimilation, and especially for the conversion of photosynthates into lipids.
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Bicker U, Friedberg KD, Hebold G, Mengel K. Reduction of acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide and X-rays by the new immunomodulating compound BM 12.531. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:1361-3. [PMID: 499423 DOI: 10.1007/bf01964009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BM 12.531, the 2-[2-cyanaziridinyl-(1)]-2-[2-carbamoylaziridinyl-(1)]-propane, (prop. INN Azimexon), reduces significantly the acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide and X-rays in rats and mice, respectively. The leucopenia induced by X-rays was partially compensated by BM 12.531 in rats.
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Mengel K, Wiechens B. Die Bedeutung der nicht austauschbaren Kaliumfraktion des Bodens für die Ertragsbildung von Weidelgras. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19791420609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mengel K, Haeder HE. Effect of Potassium Supply on the Rate of Phloem Sap Exudation and the Composition of Phloem Sap of Ricinus communis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1977; 59:282-4. [PMID: 16659834 PMCID: PMC542382 DOI: 10.1104/pp.59.2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The composition of phloem sap has been investigated in Ricinus communis var. gibsonii, grown for 2 weeks on nutrient solution of low and high potassium content (K(1) and K(2)). Diagonal cuts were made in the bark of the stem resulting in the exudation of clear droplets which mainly consisted of phloem sap. Although the plants at low K (0.4 mm) and high K (1 mm) did not differ in growth, leaf area, height, or stem circumference, the rate of exudation of the high K plants was about twice as high as that of the plants with the lower K supply. This promoting effect of K on exudation did not result in a dilution of organic (sucrose, UDP-glucose, ATP, UTP) and inorganic constituents of the phloem sap. For the following compounds, even significantly higher concentrations in the exudate were observed in the K(2) plants: potassium, raffinose, glucose 6-phosphate, and fructose 6-phosphate. Also, the osmotic pressure of the phloem sap was substantially increased in the higher K treatment. Experiments in which labeled (14)CO(2) was applied to one leaf showed that K had a favorable effect on the assimilation of CO(2), and in particular promoted the export of photosynthates from the leaf. It is suggested that the higher rate of phloem-loading in the plants with the better K supply is due to the higher CO(2) assimilation rate and especially to a better provision of ATP required for phloem loading. Higher phloem-loading rates result in higher osmotic pressure in the sieve tubes which probably gave rise to the higher flow rates observed in the plants with improved K supply.
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Haeder HE, Beringer H, Mengel K. Assimilateinlagerung in das Korn bei zwei Sommerweizensorten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19771400312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Haeder HE, Mengel K. Einfluß der Lichtintensität bei variierter Kaliumernährung auf CO2-Assimilation und Ertragsbildung bei Sommerweizen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19751380605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mengel K, Haghparast MR, Koch K. The Effect of Potassium on the Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen by Root Nodules of Vicia faba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1974; 54:535-8. [PMID: 16658923 PMCID: PMC367448 DOI: 10.1104/pp.54.4.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of potassium supply of Vicia faba on the fixation of molecular nitrogen by root nodules was studied by using (15)N-labeled molecular nitrogen. Plants well supplied with potassium showed higher contents of (15)N in the soluble amino fraction and in the protein fraction of various plant organs as compared with plants of a lower potassium status. This effect was evident particularly in the root nodules. Assimilation experiments, carried out with (14)CO(2), revealed that the content of radioactivity in the sugars and amino acids of the root nodules was increased by the potassium supply of the host plants. In particular, the content of (14)C amino acids in the root nodules was influenced beneficially by potassium, which means that potassium favored the provision of reduced nitrogen (NH(3)). It is postulated that the better carbohydrate supply of nodules, by plants well supplied with potassium, results in a higher carbohydrate turnover in the nodules and thus the provision of ATP and reducing electrons required by the nitrogenase is enhanced.
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Grimme H, Braunschweig LCV, Mengel K. Interaction of K concentration in the soil solution and soil water content on K diffusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19741370209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Németh K, Grimme H, Mengel K. Einfluß einer Düngung auf die Aufnahme nicht gedüngter Nährstoffe im Gefäßversuch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19741370304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mengel K, Forster H. Der Einfluß der Kaliumkonzentration der ‘Bodenlösung’ auf den Ertrag, den Wasserverbrauch und die K-Aufnahmearten von Zuckerrüben (Beta vulgaris ssp. esculenta var. altissima). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19731340207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mengel K, Pflüger R. The Release of Potassium and Sodium from Young Excised Roots of Zea mays under Various Efflux Conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1972; 49:16-9. [PMID: 16657889 PMCID: PMC365893 DOI: 10.1104/pp.49.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of potassium and sodium from excised roots of Zea mays having similar contents of potassium and sodium was studied. At low temperature (2 C) the efflux rates of both cations were very similar, but at higher temperature (20 C) the potassium release was reduced considerably, whereas the sodium release was hardly affected. Also, under anaerobic conditions the potassium efflux rate was nearly as high as the sodium efflux rate, but with normal O(2) supply the potassium release was reduced to about one-fifth. Since a changing efflux medium compared with a constant efflux medium had no great influence upon the sodium release but influenced the potassium release very much, it is assumed that the low potassium release under normal metabolic conditions is due to a reabsorption of effluxed potassium from free space. For sodium this reabsorption is of minor significance, as the uptake potential of maize roots for sodium is very poor. It is concluded that the release of potassium and sodium is a diffusion process and that the cell membranes have rather similar diffusivities for these two cations.
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Mengel K, Meyer PB, Ebert R, Schwabe U. A comparison of the antilipolytic effects of nicotinic acid, methylisoxazole carboxylic acid, methylpyrazole carboxylic acid and insulin in isolated fat cells. Pharmacology 1972; 8:280-90. [PMID: 4348671 DOI: 10.1159/000136344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Haeder HE, Mengel K. Translocation and respiration of assimilates in tomato plants as influenced by K nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19721310206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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