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Ruhnke TR, Daniel V, Jensen K. Four New Species of Paraorygmatobothrium (Eucestoda: Phyllobothriidea) From Sharks of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, with Comments on Their Host Specificity. J Parasitol 2020; 106:133-156. [PMID: 32048913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new species of Paraorygmatobothrium are described from carcharhinid shark species from the Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. coast of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Paraorygmatobothrium bullardi n. sp. is described from Carcharhinus brevipinna as its type host, and from Carcharhinus acronotus and Carcharhinus limbatus. Paraorygmatobothrium campbelli n. sp. is described from Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. Paraorygmatobothrium deburonae n. sp. is described from Carcharhinus isodon as its type host, as well as from C. brevipinna, C. limbatus, and R. terraenovae. Paraorygmatobothrium mattisi n. sp. is described from R. terraenovae as its type host, and from C. brevipinna and C. limbatus. These 4 species differ from other species of Paraorygmatobothrium and from each other in bothridial microthrix shape, and in various combinations of features such as the total length of the worm, apical sucker size, bothridial musculature, proglottid number, testes number, and genital pore position. Difficulty in differentiating these 4 species from one another, and from other species of Paraorygmatobothrium, points to limitations in the use of morphology alone to recognize species diversity in this genus. A phylogenetic analysis of Paraorygmatobothrium and related genera, based on partial (D1-D3) 28S rDNA sequence data, confirms that the genus is not monophyletic. Genetic distances of COI revealed that sequence divergence between species of Paraorygmatobothrium is generally at least an order of magnitude larger than COI divergence within a species. Patterns of host use for 3 of the new species are consistent with previous findings that point to a lack of host specificity in Paraorygmatobothrium.
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Shinn E, Jensen K, McLaughlin J, Garden A, Fellman B, Liang L, Peterson S. Interactive website for head and neck cancer patients: Adherence and coping program to prevent dysphagia after radiation. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100289. [PMID: 31890636 PMCID: PMC6926207 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers are highly curable; however survivors are at high risk for long-term dysphagia after radiation. To address lack of access to preventive care in community settings, we developed a responsive web-based application to help patients adhere to preventive swallowing exercises and cope with radiation side effects. We conducted an interim study analysis to determine website usage characteristics and to examine the effect size for future trials. METHODS Pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients were recruited for enrollment by speech language pathologists before primary radiation and introduced to the interactive website. The program (English and Spanish) features tracking logs for preventive exercises, instructional videos, patient stories and search features. Patients' self-reported swallowing function was assessed with the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) at baseline and at 6 months. Adherence to preventive exercises was assessed during the 10 week intervention. Number of unique website visits, total duration of website exposure, and rankings of the most popular webpages were calculated. Preliminary regression models were run using adherence and MDADI as outcomes. RESULTS Of the 160 enrolled, 96 had 10-week adherence data and 61 had 6-month MDADI data. The average age was 63 (SD = 12.26), 49.4% were from rural counties, 44% had a high school education or lower, and 42% reported annual income of $30,000 or less. The average number of visits was 5.49 (SD = 9.96) and the average total time spent with the website was 41.09 min (SD =88.48). Preliminary analyses indicated that number of unique visits to the website was independently associated with increased adherence to preventive exercises (p = .001-.008). CONCLUSION Our website showed significant effects in promoting adherence to swallowing exercises. However, our return visit rate showed that the platform needs improvement in navigability and usability for this older population undergoing challenging treatment in community settings with low resources.
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Hansen CR, Friborg J, Jensen K, Samsøe E, Johnsen L, Zukauskaite R, Grau C, Maare C, Johansen J, Primdahl H, Bratland Å, Kristensen CA, Andersen M, Eriksen JG, Overgaard J. NTCP model validation method for DAHANCA patient selection of protons versus photons in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1410-1415. [PMID: 31432744 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1654129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prediction models using logistic regression may perform poorly in external patient cohorts. However, there is a need to standardize and validate models for clinical use. The purpose of this project was to describe a method for validation of external NTCP models used for patient selection in the randomized trial of protons versus photons in head and neck cancer radiotherapy, DAHANCA 35. Material and methods: Organs at risk of 588 patients treated primarily with IMRT in the randomized controlled DAHANCA19 trial were retrospectively contoured according to recent international recommendations. Dose metrics were extracted using MatLab and all clinical parameters were retrieved from the DAHANCA database. The model proposed by Christianen et al. to predict physician-rated dysphagia was validated through the closed testing, where change of the model intercept, slope and individual beta's were tested for significant prediction improvements. Results: Six months prevalence of dysphagia in the validation cohort was 33%. The closed testing procedure for physician-rated dysphagia showed that the Christianen et al. model needed an intercept refitting for the best match for the Danish patients. The intercept update increased the risk of dysphagia for the validation cohort by 7.9 ± 2.5% point. For the raw model performance, the Brier score (mean squared residual) was 0.467, which improved significantly with a new intercept to 0.415. Conclusions: The previously published Dutch dysphagia model needed an intercept update to match the Danish patient cohort. The implementation of a closed testing procedure on the current validation cohort allows quick and efficient validation of external NTCP models for patient selection in the future.
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Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Nebel R, Jensen K, Hackbusch M, Grilli M, Gielen S, Schwaab B, Rauch B. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:929-952. [PMID: 31177833 PMCID: PMC7272131 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319854140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background In heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF)
patients the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on top of
state-of-the-art pharmacological and device therapy on mortality,
hospitalization, exercise capacity and quality-of-life are not well
established. Design The design of this study involved a structured review and meta-analysis. Methods Evaluation of randomised controlled trials of exercise-based cardiac
rehabilitation in HFrEF-patients with left ventricular ejection fraction
≤40% of any aetiology with a follow-up of ≥6 months published in 1999 or
later. Results Out of 12,229 abstracts, 25 randomised controlled trials including 4481
HFrEF-patients were included in the final evaluation. Heterogeneity in study
population, study design and exercise-based cardiac
rehabilitation-intervention was evident. No significant difference in the
effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on mortality compared to
control-group was found (hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval
0.39–1.41, four studies; 12-months follow-up: relative risk 1.29, 95%
confidence interval 0.66–2.49, eight studies; six-months follow-up: relative
risk 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.26–3.16, seven studies). In addition
there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to
‘hospitalization-for-any-reason’ (12-months follow-up: relative risk 0.79,
95% confidence interval 0.41–1.53, four studies), or
‘hospitalization-due-to-heart-failure’ (12-months follow-up: relative risk
0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.12–2.91, four studies; six-months follow-up:
relative risk 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.07–9.71, three studies). All
studies show improvement of exercise capacity. Participation in
exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved quality-of-life
as evaluated with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: (six-months
follow-up: mean difference 1.94, 95% confidence interval 0.35–3.56, two
studies), but no significant results emerged for quality-of-life measured by
the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (nine-months or more
follow-up: mean difference –4.19, 95% confidence interval –10.51–2.12, seven
studies; six-months follow-up: mean difference –5.97, 95% confidence
interval –16.17–4.23, four studies). Conclusion No association between exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and mortality or
hospitalisation could be observed in HFrEF patients but exercise-based
cardiac rehabilitation is likely to improve exercise capacity and quality of
life.
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Argota Perez R, Sharma M, Jensen K, Vestergaard A, Petersen J, Korreman S. EP-1999 Robustness of IMPT plans towards anatomical variations for nasopharyngeal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaplan L, Holm A, Elstrøm U, Eriksen J, Jensen K, Primdahl H, Andreassen C, Korreman S. OC-0520 Inter-observer variations in plan evaluation. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Stanford N, McAllister J, Addonizio L, Richmond M, Law S, Lee T, Farr M, Gibbons M, Jensen K, Lee H, Rothkopf A, Jackson R, Zuckerman W. Lifetime Achievement and Quality of Life in Adult Survivors of Pediatric Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Eudy E, Caira JN, Jensen K. A New Species of Pentaloculum (Cestoda: "Tetraphyllidea") from the Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum (Orectolobiformes: Parascylliidae). J Parasitol 2019; 105:303-312. [PMID: 30990771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collection of cestodes from the Taiwan saddled carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum, for the first time led to the discovery of Pentaloculum hoi n. sp. This species provided important insights into the identity of the heretofore monotypic Pentaloculum-known previously only from the blind electric ray, Typhlonarke aysoni, in New Zealand. The new species differs from Pentaloculum macrocephalum in testis number, vitelline follicle and cirrus sac configuration, and in that it is hyperapolytic rather than euapolytic. Maximum-likelihood analysis of sequence data generated for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene not only confirmed this generic placement but also confirmed the close affinities between both species of Pentaloculum and specimens previously referred to in the literature as new genus 7 n. sp. 1. Examination of limited material of the latter, including that of a second specimen from which partial 28S rDNA sequence data were generated here, led to the realization that new genus 7 n. sp. 1 represents an undescribed species of Pentaloculum, referred to here as Pentaloculum n. sp. 2. All 3 species share bothridia divided into 1 anterior and 2 consecutive pairs of loculi. Given that Pentaloculum n. sp. 2 parasitizes a member of the second and only other genus of parascylliid sharks (i.e., Parascyllium), we predict that the 4 other species of Parascyllium and the 2 other species of Cirrhoscyllium are likely to host other species of Pentaloculum. The factors that might account for the eclectic host associations of Pentaloculum, which include a torpediniform ray and 2 species of orectilobiform sharks, are currently unclear. The compilation of diet data for these elasmobranchs and determination of the final intermediate hosts for these cestodes would be interesting avenues of further investigation given that cestodes are trophically transmitted between their intermediate and definitive hosts. The phylogenetic affinities of Pentaloculum among elasmobranch cestodes remain unresolved.
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Saksoe M, Jensen K, Andersen M, Eriksen J, Overgaard J. OC-041 DAHANCA 28a: Phase I/II study of acc. hyperfractionated RT, cisplatin and nimorazole in P16-LAHNSCC. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jensen K, Rasmussen R, Vitting-Seerup K, Gromova I, Gromov P, Skjøth-Rasmussen J, Petersen JK, Kristensen BW, Rich JN, Hamerlik P. CBMT-47. THE ROLE OF PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1 IN GLIOBLASTOMA MAINTENANCE AND MOTILITY. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Andreassen C, Eriksen J, Jensen K, Hansen C, Sørensen B, Lassen P, Alsner J, Schack L, Overgaard J, Grau C. IMRT – Biomarkers for dose escalation, dose de-escalation and personalized medicine in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Tugrul OF, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Proctor T, Ehlermann PH, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. P4729Spectrum of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in 5310 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hvid C, Elstrøm U, Jensen K, Grau C. PV-0427: CBCT based estimation of delivered dose is not more predictive for NTCP than planned dose. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Samsøe E, Grau C, Johansen J, Andersen E, Petersen J, Jensen K, Smulders B, Friborg J, Sand H, Andersen M, Logadóttir A, Ujmajuridze Z, Hansen C. PO-0922: Implementation of swallowing organs in national radiotherapy guidelines for H&N cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mäkitie A, Ruuskanen M, Bentzen J, Brun E, Gebre-Medhin M, Friesland S, Marsk E, Hammarstedt-Nordenvall L, Gille E, Reizenstein J, Adell G, Farnebo L, Rzepecki J, Haugen H, Söderström K, Zackrisson B, Bergström S, Lödén B, Cederblad L, Laurell G, Smeland E, Folkvard Evensen J, Lund JÅ, Tøndel H, Karlsdottir Å, Jóhannsson J, Johansen J, Kristensen CA, Jensen K, Andersen LJ, Koivunen P, Korpela M, Voutilainen L, Wigren T, Minn H, Joensuu H, Overgaard J, Saarilahti K. The management and survival outcomes of nasopharyngeal cancer in the Nordic countries<sup/>. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:557-560. [PMID: 29202641 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1408961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Caira JN, Jensen K, Fyler CA. A New Genus of Tapeworm (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from Sawfish (Elasmobranchii: Pristidae). J Parasitol 2018; 104:133-144. [PMID: 29334823 DOI: 10.1645/17-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Collections from the dwarf sawfish, Pristis clavata, near Darwin, Australia, in 1997 led to the discovery of the new onchoproteocephalidean genus Matticestus n. gen.-a taxon that has been referred to in molecular phylogenetic analyses in which it has been included as "New genus 8." Its type species, Matticestus anneae n. gen., n. sp., and a second species, Matticestus kathleenae n. sp., are described. Placement of this taxon in the Onchoproteocephalidea is supported morphologically in that both species bear a scolex with 4 bothridia each with a pair of bi-pronged hooks and spinitriches that extend throughout the length of the body. Sequence data for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene also place the genus solidly among the other elasmobranch-hosted members of the order. The new genus differs from the other elasmobranch-hosted genera in the order in that its members possess a combination of biloculated bothridia with lateral lappets on the posterior margin of the anterior loculus and a pair of bi-pronged hooks with a distinctive configuration of tubercles and internal channels. Its members are also extremely small. In summary, Matticestus n. gen. is an unusually tiny, "spiny," genus of cestode that seems to exclusively parasitize sawfish of the genus Pristis.
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Lyhne Christensen N, Dahl J, Carter-Storch R, Bakkestroem R, Jensen K, Pecini R, Steffensen F, Soendergaard E, Videbaek L, Moeller J. P1639Association between left ventricular diastolic function and RV function and morphology in asymptomatic aortic stenosis at rest and during exercise. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cameron L, Wen K, Chappell J, Jensen K, Bell D, Kelwick R, Kopniczky M, Davies J, Filloux A, Freemont P. 90 Using cell-free biosensors to monitor Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis sputum. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ronellenfitsch U, Schwarzbach M, Hofheinz R, Kienle P, Nowak K, Kieser M, Slanger TE, Burmeister B, Kelsen D, Niedzwiecki D, Schuhmacher C, Urba S, van de Velde C, Walsh TN, Ychou M, Jensen K. Predictors of overall and recurrence-free survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: Pooled analysis of individual patient data (IPD) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43:1550-1558. [PMID: 28551325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for postoperative survival following neoadjuvant therapy. These could be useful in deciding about postoperative continuation of chemotherapy. METHODS This meta-analysis used IPD from RCTs comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgery alone for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Trials providing IPD on age, sex, performance status, pT/N stage, resection status, overall and recurrence-free survival were included. Survival was calculated in the entire study population and subgroups stratified by supposed predictors and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox models were used to identify independent survival predictors. RESULTS Four RCTs providing IPD from 553 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. (y)pT and (y)pN stage and resection status strongly predicted postoperative survival both after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery alone. Patients with R1 resection after neoadjuvant therapy survived longer than those with R1 resection after surgery alone. Patients with stage pN0 after surgery alone had better prognosis than those with ypN0 after neoadjuvant therapy. Patients with stage ypT3/4 after neoadjuvant therapy survived longer than those with stage pT3/4 after surgery alone. Multivariable regression identified resection status and (y)pN stage as predictors of survival in both groups. (y)pT stage predicted survival only after surgery alone. CONCLUSION After neoadjuvant therapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, survival is determined by the same factors as after surgery alone. However, ypT stage is not an independent predictor. These results can facilitate the decision about postoperative continuation of chemotherapy in pretreated patients.
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Hansen C, Johansen J, Samsøe E, Andersen E, Petersen J, Jensen K, Sand H, Andersen L, Grau C. PO-0613: Effect of geometric GTV-CTV margins in national contouring guidelines. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Taasti V, Muren L, Jensen K, Petersen J, Thygesen J, Tietze A, Grau C, Hansen D. EP-1672: Dual energy CT for improved proton stopping power estimation in head and neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rasmussen R, Gajjar M, Tuckova L, Jensen K, Maya-Mendoza A, Bartek J, Hamerlik P. P08.18 Replication stress as a driver of genomic instability in malignant gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kjeldsen CL, Hansen MS, Jensen K, Holm A, Haahr A, Dreyer P. Patients' experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit. Nurs Crit Care 2017; 23:75-81. [PMID: 28124464 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of changes in sedation strategies, more patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are conscious. Therefore, new and challenging tasks in nursing practice have emerged, which require a focus on the problems that patients experience. Thirst is one such major problem, arising because the mechanical ventilator prevents the patients from drinking when they have the urge to do so. To gain a deeper understanding of the patients' experiences and to contribute new knowledge in nursing care, this study focuses on the patients' experiences of thirst during mechanical ventilation (MV) while being conscious. AIMS To explore patients' experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated. DESIGN This hermeneutic study used qualitative interviews of 12 patients. METHOD Data were analyzed based on content analysis. Interviews were conducted between September and October 2014 in two large ICUs in Denmark. RESULT Four themes relating to the patients' experiences of thirst during MV were identified: a paramount thirst, a different sense in the mouth, deprivation of the opportunity to quench thirst and difficulties associated with thirst. CONCLUSION Patients associate feelings of desperation, anxiety and powerlessness with the experience of thirst. These feelings have a negative impact on their psychological well-being. A strategy in the ICU that includes no sedation for critically ill patients in need of MV introduces new demands on the nurses who must care for patients who are struggling with thirst. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study shows that despite several practical attempts to relieve thirst, it remains a paramount problem for the patients. ICU nurses need to increase their focus on issues of thirst and dry mouth, which are two closely related issues for the patients. Communication may be a way to involve the patients, recognize and draw attention to their problem.
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Rapkin J, Jensen K, House CM, Sakaluk SK, Sakaluk JK, Hunt J. The complex interplay between macronutrient intake, cuticular hydrocarbon expression and mating success in male decorated crickets. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:711-727. [PMID: 28029711 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The condition dependence of male sexual traits plays a central role in sexual selection theory. Relatively little, however, is known about the condition dependence of chemical signals used in mate choice and their subsequent effects on male mating success. Furthermore, few studies have isolated the specific nutrients responsible for condition-dependent variation in male sexual traits. Here, we used nutritional geometry to determine the effect of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on male cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) expression and mating success in male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus). We show that both traits are maximized at a moderate-to-high intake of nutrients in a P:C ratio of 1 : 1.5. We also show that female precopulatory mate choice exerts a complex pattern of linear and quadratic sexual selection on this condition-dependent variation in male CHC expression. Structural equation modelling revealed that although the effect of nutrient intake on mating success is mediated through condition-dependent CHC expression, it is not exclusively so, suggesting that other traits must also play an important role. Collectively, our results suggest that the complex interplay between nutrient intake, CHC expression and mating success plays an important role in the operation of sexual selection in G. sigillatus.
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Glerup S, Bolcho U, Mølgaard S, Bøggild S, Vaegter CB, Smith AH, Nieto-Gonzalez JL, Ovesen PL, Pedersen LF, Fjorback AN, Kjolby M, Login H, Holm MM, Andersen OM, Nyengaard JR, Willnow TE, Jensen K, Nykjaer A. SorCS2 is required for BDNF-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1740-1751. [PMID: 27457814 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SorCS2 is a member of the Vps10p-domain receptor gene family receptors with critical roles in the control of neuronal viability and function. Several genetic studies have suggested SORCS2 to confer risk of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Here we report that hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity is eliminated in SorCS2-deficient mice. This defect was traced to the ability of SorCS2 to form complexes with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, required for pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to induce long-term depression, and with the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB to elicit long-term potentiation. Although the interaction with p75NTR was static, SorCS2 bound to TrkB in an activity-dependent manner to facilitate its translocation to postsynaptic densities for synaptic tagging and maintenance of synaptic potentiation. Neurons lacking SorCS2 failed to respond to BDNF by TrkB autophosphorylation, and activation of downstream signaling cascades, impacting neurite outgrowth and spine formation. Accordingly, Sorcs2-/- mice displayed impaired formation of long-term memory, increased risk taking and stimulus seeking behavior, enhanced susceptibility to stress and impaired prepulse inhibition. Our results identify SorCS2 as an indispensable coreceptor for p75NTR and TrkB in hippocampal neurons and suggest SORCS2 as the link between proBDNF/BDNF signaling and mental disorders.
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