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Andoh AB, Atindaana Francis A, Abdulkarim AA, Adesunkanmi AO, Salako AA, Soladoye A, Sheshe AA, Sani A, Lawal AO, Lawal A, Tripathi A, S A, Akinloye A, Olajumoke Balogun A, Ariyibi AL, Okunlola AI, Ojewuyi AR, Oyedele AE, Sakyi A, Oladimeji AT, Bala Muhammad A, Yahaya A, Soibi-Harry AP, Gyambibi AK, Adeniyi AA, Adeoluwa A, Olumide Osinowo A, Salawu AI, Fatuga AL, Adesiyakan A, Fakoya A, Naah A, Adeyeye AA, Talabi AO, Fasanu AO, Ayoola Orowale A, Ojajuni A, Adelaja AT, Ademuyiwa AO, Jimoh AI, Aderounmu AA, Adisa AO, Ajagbe AO, Olajide AT, Bakare A, Okunowo AA, Tchogo A, Koledade AK, Barthelemy Yevide A, Bello A, Shehu Umar A, Lawal AT, Obiesie AE, Dieudonne Hirwa A, Domingo A, Mustapha A, Abdullahi A, Hada A, Ijeoma A, Adeleke AA, Adepiti AC, Ajao AE, Sanusi AT, Houndji A, Bernal Hernández A, González Ojeda A, Serrano García AG, Ohemu AA, Arekhandia AI, Yakubu A, Hepzibah A, Bhatt A, Muhammad Tukur A, Ingabire AJC, Okechukwu Ugwu A, Karekezi A, Maalekuu A, Imanishimwe A, Bruce-Adjei A, Obbeng A, Akosua A, Jeffery-Felix A, Mohammed-Durosinlorun AA, Jimoh AO, Umar AM, Umar AM, Mahajan A, Eziyi AK, Bennin A, Dasari A, Okedare A, Mathew AE, Florencia Casado-Zarate A, Calderón-Alvarado AB, Dominguez ACG, Cortés Flores AO, Dusabimana A, Kutma A, Byaruhanga A, Houndote A, Cueto Valadez AE, Alvarez Villaseñor AS, Bhangu A, Ortega Barreiro A, Mortola Lomeli AF, Luther A, Yahya A, Eseenam Agbeko A, Thomas A, Goyal A, Mkoh Dikao AS, Appiah AB, Gaou A, Bediako-Bowan AA, Ramos De la Medina A, Seidu AS, Munyaneza A, Ahounou A, Akoto-Ampaw A, Hadonou A, Alitonou A, Sambo A, Mathew AJ, Chaturvedi A, Gautham AK, Choudhrie AV, Attri AK, Kumar A, Sukumar A, Mehraj A, Shittu A, Mukasine A, Oppon-Acquah A, Kusiwaa A, Suroy A, Ezenwa AO, Takure AO, Akinniyi A, Ogunyemi AA, Makanjuola A, Dossou Yovo BB, Alhassan BAB, Hamza BK, Awoyinka BS, Koomson B, Aminu B, Abodunde Muideen B, Osunwusi B, García Reyna B, Oppong BA, Brimpong BB, Fenu BS, Ofori BA, Guzmán Ramírez BG, Nyadu BB, Shankar B, Lawal BK, Armstrong Alia B, Roy B, Kontor BE, Kovohouande B, Cakpo B, Enriquez Barajas BV, Crocco Quiros B, Kadir B, Mohammed C, Nwachukwu CU, Colunga Tinajero C, Ruiz Velasco CB, Zuloaga Fernández del Valle CJ, Noufuentes C, Solomi CV, Okunlola CK, Seneza C, Okafor CI, Nuño Escobar C, Banka C, Barimah CG, Chetana C, Nyatsambo C, Okeke CJ, Jeffrey Ede C, Nwosu CD, Victoria Mgbemena C, Onyeka CU, Gold CS, Faith Uche C, Chigoze Makwe C, Urimubabo CJ, Coompson CL, Ashley-Osuzoka C, Gbenga-Oke C, Bidemi Oyegbola C, Mukakomite C, Mpirimbanyi C, Asare C, Bode CO, Ugwunne C, Onyejiaka CC, Okoro C, Okereke CE, Mukangabo C, Sie-Broni C, Ballu C, Fuentes Orozco C, Kyeremeh C, Adumah CC, Ruelas Bravo C, Bokossa Kandokponou CM, Guerrero Ramírez CS, Teye-Topey C, Kpangon C, Chinyio D, Orozco Ramirez D, Mora Santana D, Nyirasebura D, Hérnandez Alva DA, Acquah DK, Prakash DD, Sale D, Olulana DI, Oruade D, Jayne D, Morales Iriarte DGI, Ogudi DKD, Olatola DO, Akinboyewa DO, Irabor DO, Nuwam D, Mukantibaziyaremye D, Jain D, Singla D, Garnaik DK, Singh DS, Gakpetor DA, Esssien D, Rubanguka D, Poonia DR, Ghosh D, Ahogni D, Morton D, Umuhoza D, Morel Seto D, Nepogodiev D, Enti D, Smith D, Osei-Poku D, Acheampong DO, Mellado DH, Ofosuhene D, Cortes Torres EJ, Efren Lozada E, Gómez Sánchez E, González Espinoza E, Osei E, Mensah E, Rwagahirima E, Quartson EM, Li E, Kurien EN, Bonilla Ahumada E, Kabanda E, Odame E, Izabiriza E, Hatangimana E, Osariemen E, Reyes Elizalde EA, Agbowada EA, Usam E, Sylvester Inyang E, Owie E, Ojo Williams E, Munyaneza E, Mutabazi E, Kojo Acquah E, Obiri EL, Ofori EO, Runigamugabo E, Yhoshu E, Malade E, Cervantes Perez E, Kobby E, Okwudiri Ohazurike E, Jerry Bara E, Agyemang E, Akoto E, Villanueva-Martínez EE, Mwungura E, Cueva Martinez E, Asabre E, Adjei-Acquah E, Abunimye E, Daluk EB, Daniel ER, Ike Okorie E, Ailunia EE, Abraham ES, Romo Ascencio EV, Harrison E, Kpatchassou E, Bakari F, González Ponce FY, Huda F, Abubakari F, Ntirenganya F, Ingabire F, Parray FQ, Brant F, Alakaloko FM, Diaz Samano F, Duque Zepeda F, Bello-Tukur F, Basirwa Musengo F, Dedey F, Adegoke F, Amponsah-Manu F, Mukaneza F, Chinonso Ezenwankwo F, Sanwo F, Dossou FM, Nwaenyi FC, Ibanez Ortiz F, Barbosa Camacho FJ, León-Frutos FJ, Plascencia Posada FJ, Nirere F, Owusu F, Gyamfi FE, Wuraola FO, Cervantes Guevara G, Ntwari G, Ambriz-González G, Hyman G, Umar GI, Thami G, Adeleye GTC, Limann G, Ajibola G, Ida G, Ihediwa GC, Brown GD, Bucyibaruta G, Gallardo Banuelos G, Lopez Arroyo G, Ndegamiye G, Naah G, Morgan Villela G, Edet G, Attepor GS, Akaba GO, Aziz G, Yeboah G, Mary G, Eke G, Castillo Cardiel G, Yanowsky Reyes G, Sanchez Villaseñor G, Cervantes Cardona GA, Singh G, Boateng GC, Kola H, Abdullahi HI, Olaide Raji H, Ahmed HI, Umaru-Sule H, Kaur H, Malechi H, Sunday H, Abiyere HO, Butana H, Agossou H, Samkelisiwe Nxumalo H, Maniraguha HL, Dewamon H, Yome H, Behanzin H, Ekwuazi HO, Oweredaba IT, Mohammed I, Sufyan I, Saidu IA, Abdul-Aziz IIA, Eseile IS, Ogolekwu IP, Adebara IO, Usman Takai I, Fidelis Okafor I, Kene IA, Enyinnaya Iweha I, Mutimamwiza I, Mantoo I, Duruewuru IO, Akpo I, Niyongombwa I, Brancaccio Pérez IV, Esparza Estrada I, Gundu I, Morkor Opandoh IN, Ncogoza I, Sibomana I, Bansal I, Cabrera-Lozano I, Ishola Aremu I, Gandaho I, Lawani I, Ochoa Rodríguez I, Alasi IO, Alhassan J, Mends-Odro J, Osuna Rubio J, Orozco Perez J, González Bojorquez JL, Rodriguez Ramirez JA, Glasbey J, Emeka JJ, Lawal J, Acquaye J, Alfred J, Rugendabanga J, Mizero J, Ingabire JCA, Aimable Habiyakare J, Claude Uwimana J, de Dieu Haragirimana J, Yves Shyirakera J, Utumatwishima JN, Niyomuremyi JP, Majyabere JP, Masengesho JP, Nyirahabimana J, Vishnoi JR, Kalyanapu JA, Joseph JN, Makama JG, Pizarro Lozano J, Aguilar Mata JA, Morales JFM, Vega Gastelum JO, Oyekunle Bello J, Okechukwu Ugwu J, Amoako JK, Simoes J, Zirikana J, Nzuwa Nsilu J, Adze JA, Enaholo JE, Obateru JA, Chinda JY, Akunyam J, Boakye-Yiadom J, Cook J, Quansah JIK, Chejfec Ciociano JM, Jiménez Tornero J, Herrera-Esquivel J, Flores Cardoza JA, Sánchez Martínez JA, Guzmán Barba JA, Pesquera JAA, Orozco Navarro JE, Sandoval Pulido JI, Pérez Navarro JV, Igiraneza J, Ejimogu J, Awindaogo JK, Ugboajah JO, Ashong J, Nsaful J, Arthur J, Yakubu J, Mutuyimana J, Umuhoza J, Thomas J, Ibarrola Peña JC, Tijerina Ávila JJ, Oladayo Kuku J, Gyamfi JE, Brown J, Appiah J, Attinon J, Jacob J, Gimba J, Seyi-Olajide JO, Ngaguene J, Jyoti J, Leshiini K, Boukari KA, Kumar K, Mumuni K, Quarchey KND, Sanni K, Bozada-Gutierrez K, Mandrelle K, Atobatele KM, Awodele K, Bawa KG, Duromola KM, Egbuchulem KI, Ngaaso K, Onyekachi K, Ugwuanyi K, Okoduwa KO, Ado KA, Rathod KK, Nunoo-Ghartey K, Rautela K, Kennedy KK, Ascencio Díaz KV, Boakye-Yiadom K, Onahi Iji L, Magill L, Martinez Perez Maldonado L, Pena Baolboa LG, Montano Angeles LO, Barau Abdullahi L, Ismail L, Awere-Kyere LKB, Uzikwambara L, Adam-Zakariah L, Larbi-Siaw LA, Chukwuemeka Anyanwu LJ, Etchisse L, Abdulrasheed L, Agbanda L, García González LA, Suárez Carreón LO, Cifuentes Andrade LR, Pacheco Vallejo LR, Ramirez Gonzalez LR, Aniakwo LA, Olajide Abdur-Rahman L, Abdur-Rahman LO, Namur LDCM, Mukamazera L, Airede LR, Nontonwanou MB, Amoako-Boateng MP, Rodha MS, Kawu Magashi M, Abubakar M, Yigah M, Dayie MSCJK, Victorin Agbangla M, Pathak M, Aggarwal M, Lokavarapu MJ, Talla Timo M, Isikhuemen ME, Gbassi M, Uwizeye M, Akpla M, Adjei MNM, Picciochi M, Chávez M, Fourtounas M, Quirarte Hernández MA, Zarate Casas MF, Gloriose Nabada M, Kouroumta MC, De Cristo Gonzalez Calvillo M, Trejo-Avila M, Guzmán Ruvalcaba MJ, Monahan M, Jesudason MR, Zume M, Totin M, Djeto M, Awe M, Islas Torres M, Morna MT, Oluwadamilola Adebisi M, Adams MA, Oluwatobi Busari M, Lazo Ramirez M, Taingson MC, Ruhosha M, Dery MK, Batangana M, Mellado Tellez MP, Vicencio Ramirez ML, Agyapong MM, Nortey M, Amao M, Bahrami-Hessari M, Calderón Llamas MA, Calderon Vanegas MA, Azanlerigu M, Becerra Moscoso MR, Sethoana ME, Oludara MA, Moussa Alidou M, Mohammad MA, Bashir M, Usman M, Adnan M, Alhassan MS, Aliyu MS, Singh M, Muhindo M, Dusabeyezu M, Kichu M, Castillo MN, Gureh M, Hans MA, Hollo M, Hodonou MA, Sivakumar MV, Edena ME, Abdulsalam MA, Adebisi Ogunjimi M, Dusabe M, Dokurugu MA, Galadima MC, Agbulu MV, Agbadebo M, Eunice ME, Nosipho Mathe M, Moreno-Portillo M, Awaisu M, Daniyan M, Duke George M, Malik MA, Amadu M, Pai MV, Adetola Tolani M, Abdullahi M, Moussa N, Guessou NO, Saqib N, Christian NA, Essel N, Tabuanu NO, Olagunju N, Sam NB, Akhtar N, Oyelowo N, Bisimwa Mitima N, Adewole ND, Sharma N, Anthea Nhlabathi N, Mbajiekwe N, Mishra N, Pundir N, Winkles N, Smart N, Agboadoh N, Ndukwe NO, Aperkor NT, Adu-Aryee NA, Chowdri NA, Singh N, Peters NJ, Sharma N, Agrawal N, Syam N, Duru NJ, Sentholang N, Okoi N, Anyanwu N, Rene Hounsou N, Aliyu NU, Abiola Adeleke N, Egwuonwu OA, Okoye OA, Hyginus Ekwunife O, Olanrewaju O, Osagie OO, Adeyemo OT, Oshodi OA, Olaolu Ogundoyin O, Ogundoyin OO, Babalola OF, Olasehinde O, Ajai OT, Balogun OS, Lawal OO, Olayioye O, Sayomi O, Samuel O, Mwenedata O, Oluwaseyi Bakare O, Sowande OA, Ojewuyi OO, Omisanjo OA, Akintunde OP, Abiola OP, Abiola OP, Akande O, Elebute OA, Adewara OE, Ayankunle OM, Odesanya OJ, Alatise OI, Ajenifuja OK, Ogunsua OO, Banjo OO, Ojediran O, Oladele OO, Fatudimu OS, Ajagbe OA, Idowu OC, Ladipo-Ajayi OA, Taiwo OA, Olaleye OH, Oluseye OO, Ige O, Odutola OR, Atoyebi OA, Omar O, Ayandipo OO, Omotola O, Faboya OM, Williams OM, Irowa OO, Salami OS, Onu OA, Asafa OQ, Akinajo OR, Osemwegie O, Osagie OT, Olvera Flores O, Iribhogbe OI, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach O, Gbehade O, Ojo OD, Olubayo OO, Prabhu PS, Flores Becerril P, Kumar P, Yanto P, Mukherjee P, Haque PD, Koggoh P, Igwe PO, Trinity P, Aderemi Adegoke P, Wondoh P, Domínguez Barradas P, Ogouyemi P, Boakye P, Brocklehurst P, Elemile P, Egharevba PA, Agbonrofo PI, Okoro PE, Kumassah PK, Mensah P, Munda P, Mshelbwala PM, Alexander PV, Nyirangeri P, Muroruhirwe P, Hardy P, Kwabena PW, Zechariah P, Nayak P, Dummala P, Singh P, Solanki P, Yeboah Owusu P, Mary P, Chowdhury P, Luri PT, Pareek P, Prakash P, Kumari P, Lillywhite R, Moore R, Tinuola Afolabi R, Williams R, Alpheus RA, Sharma R, Seenivasagam RK, Vakil R, Armah R, Samujh R, Chaudhary R, John RE, Gunny RJ, Wani RA, Verma R, Thind RS, Dar RA, Eghonghon RA, Acquah R, Rajappa R, Kpankpari R, Ofosu-Akromah R, Romaric Soton R, Jain R, Guinnou R, Munyaneza R, Mares País R, Delano-Alonso R, Miranda Ackerman RC, Bello R, Kour R, Guadalupe Cano Arias RG, Uwayezu R, Nájar Hinojosa R, Mittal R, Ranjan R, Goudou R, Cethorth Fonseca RK, Hussey R, Tubasiime R, Dukuzimana R, Varghese R, Boateng RA, Pswarayi R, Ojewola RW, Abdus-Salam RA, Abdus-Salam RA, Sarfo Kantanka R, Manu R, Abdul-Hafiz S, Oyewale S, Yussif S, Abolade Lawal S, Kanyarukiko S, Abeku Yusuf S, Suleiman S, Tabara S, Mbonimpaye S, Kanyesigye S, Joshua S, Tamou SB, Gupta S, Muhammad SS, Abdulai S, Olori S, Mensah S, Asirifi SA, Sani SA, Ajekwu SC, Nwokocha SU, Quaicoo S, Tsatsu SE, Philips S, Gupta S, Misra S, Kaur S, Omorogbe SO, Eniola SB, Kwarteng SM, Tobome SR, Emmanuel Hedefoun S, Adams SM, Singh S, Duniya SAN, Yahaya S, Mohammed S, Rajan S, Adekola Adebayo S, Ibarra Camargo SA, Cousens S, Hinvo S, Kapoor S, Singh S, Nindopa S, Jacob SE, Laurberg S, Chakrabortee S, Chowdhury S, Mathai S, Prasad S, Tchati SV, Habumuremyi S, Habumuremyi S, Hamadou S, Lawani S, Veetil SK, D S, D S, Sharma S, Doe S, Mathew S, Emeka Nwabuoku S, Ideh SN, Laurent Loupeda S, Tabiri S, Olutola S, Kache SA, Bature SB, Garba SE, Gana SG, Soni SC, Raul S, Kanchodu S, Daneji SM, Sallau SB, P T S, Saluja SS, Goyal S, Surendran S, Joseph S, John S, Obiechina SO, Hounsa S, Lawal TA, Badmus TA, Bakare TIB, Mohammed TO, Cueto Valadez TA, Dhar T, Agida TE, Arkorful TE, Atim T, Orewole TO, Wordui T, Okonoboh TO, Mavoha T, Hessou TK, Agyen T, Pinkney T, Olajide TO, Odunafolabi TA, Sholadoye TT, Kumar U, Kingsley Oriji V, Varsheney VK, Samuel VM, Agyekum-Gyimah VO, Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe V, Ojo V, Abhulimen V, Pérez Bocanegra VH, Avalos Herrera VJ, Etwire VK, Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye V, Kumar V, Ismavel VA, John V, Sehrawat V, Kudoh V, Kanna V, Mukanyange V, Michael V, Adobea V, Sam VD, Ghansah WW, Asman WK, Bhatti W, Kagomi WY, Mehounou Y, Mustapha Y, Oyewole Y, Edwin Y, Oshodi YA, Adofo-Asamoah Y, Ally Z, Imam ZO, Shah ZA, Lara Pérez ZM, Robertson Z. Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2022; 400:1767-1776. [PMID: 36328045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) remains the most common complication of surgery around the world. WHO does not make recommendations for changing gloves and instruments before wound closure owing to a lack of evidence. This study aimed to test whether a routine change of gloves and instruments before wound closure reduced abdominal SSI. METHODS ChEETAh was a multicentre, cluster randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries (Benin, Ghana, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa). Any hospitals (clusters) doing abdominal surgery in participating countries were eligible. Clusters were randomly assigned to current practice (42) versus intervention (39; routine change of gloves and instruments before wound closure for the whole scrub team). Consecutive adults and children undergoing emergency or elective abdominal surgery (excluding caesarean section) for a clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty operation within each cluster were identified and included. It was not possible to mask the site investigators, nor the outcome assessors, but patients were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was SSI within 30 days after surgery (participant-level), assessed by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and on the basis of the intention-to-treat principle. The trial has 90% power to detect a minimum reduction in the primary outcome from 16% to 12%, requiring 12 800 participants from at least 64 clusters. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03700749. FINDINGS Between June 24, 2020 and March 31, 2022, 81 clusters were randomly assigned, which included a total of 13 301 consecutive patients (7157 to current practice and 6144 to intervention group). Overall, 11 825 (88·9%) of 13 301 patients were adults, 6125 (46·0%) of 13 301 underwent elective surgery, and 8086 (60·8%) of 13 301 underwent surgery that was clean-contaminated or 5215 (39·2%) of 13 301 underwent surgery that was contaminated-dirty. Glove and instrument change took place in 58 (0·8%) of 7157 patients in the current practice group and 6044 (98·3%) of 6144 patients in the intervention group. The SSI rate was 1280 (18·9%) of 6768 in the current practice group versus 931 (16·0%) of 5789 in the intervention group (adjusted risk ratio: 0·87, 95% CI 0·79-0·95; p=0·0032). There was no evidence to suggest heterogeneity of effect across any of the prespecified subgroup analyses. We did not anticipate or collect any specific data on serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION This trial showed a robust benefit to routinely changing gloves and instruments before abdominal wound closure. We suggest that it should be widely implemented into surgical practice around the world. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist Award, NIHR Global Health Research Unit Grant, Mölnlycke Healthcare.
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Kouli O, Murray V, Bhatia S, Cambridge WA, Kawka M, Shafi S, Knight SR, Kamarajah SK, McLean KA, Glasbey JC, Khaw RA, Ahmed W, Akhbari M, Baker D, Borakati A, Mills E, Thavayogan R, Yasin I, Raubenheimer K, Ridley W, Sarrami M, Zhang G, Egoroff N, Pockney P, Richards T, Bhangu A, Creagh-Brown B, Edwards M, Harrison EM, Lee M, Nepogodiev D, Pinkney T, Pearse R, Smart N, Vohra R, Sohrabi C, Jamieson A, Nguyen M, Rahman A, English C, Tincknell L, Kakodkar P, Kwek I, Punjabi N, Burns J, Varghese S, Erotocritou M, McGuckin S, Vayalapra S, Dominguez E, Moneim J, Salehi M, Tan HL, Yoong A, Zhu L, Seale B, Nowinka Z, Patel N, Chrisp B, Harris J, Maleyko I, Muneeb F, Gough M, James CE, Skan O, Chowdhury A, Rebuffa N, Khan H, Down B, Fatimah Hussain Q, Adams M, Bailey A, Cullen G, Fu YXJ, McClement B, Taylor A, Aitken S, Bachelet B, Brousse de Gersigny J, Chang C, Khehra B, Lahoud N, Lee Solano M, Louca M, Rozenbroek P, Rozitis E, Agbinya N, Anderson E, Arwi G, Barry I, Batchelor C, Chong T, Choo LY, Clark L, Daniels M, Goh J, Handa A, Hanna J, Huynh L, Jeon A, Kanbour A, Lee A, Lee J, Lee T, Leigh J, Ly D, McGregor F, Moss J, Nejatian M, O'Loughlin E, Ramos I, Sanchez B, Shrivathsa A, Sincari A, Sobhi S, Swart R, Trimboli J, Wignall P, Bourke E, Chong A, Clayton S, Dawson A, Hardy E, Iqbal R, Le L, Mao S, Marinelli I, Metcalfe H, Panicker D, R HH, Ridgway S, Tan HH, Thong S, Van M, Woon S, Woon-Shoo-Tong XS, Yu S, Ali K, Chee J, Chiu C, Chow YW, Duller A, Nagappan P, Ng S, Selvanathan M, Sheridan C, Temple M, Do JE, Dudi-Venkata NN, Humphries E, Li L, Mansour LT, Massy-Westropp C, Fang B, Farbood K, Hong H, Huang Y, Joan M, Koh C, Liu YHA, Mahajan T, Muller E, Park R, Tanudisastro M, Wu JJG, Chopra P, Giang S, Radcliffe S, Thach P, Wallace D, Wilkes A, Chinta SH, Li J, Phan J, Rahman F, Segaran A, Shannon J, Zhang M, Adams N, Bonte A, Choudhry A, Colterjohn N, Croyle JA, Donohue J, Feighery A, Keane A, McNamara D, Munir K, Roche D, Sabnani R, Seligman D, Sharma S, 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H, Sandberg C, Smith H, Al Bakry M, Ashwell W, Bajaj S, Bandyopadhyay D, Browlee O, Burway S, Chand CP, Elsayeh K, Elsharkawi A, Evans E, Ferrin S, Fort-Schaale A, Iacob M, I K, Impelliziere Licastro G, Mankoo AS, Olaniyan T, Otun J, Pereira R, Reddy R, Saeed D, Simmonds O, Singhal G, Tron K, Wickstone C, Williams R, Bradshaw E, De Kock Jewell V, Houlden C, Knight C, Metezai H, Mirza-Davies A, Seymour Z, Spink D, Wischhusen S. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e520-e531. [PMID: 35750401 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). FINDINGS In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]). INTERPRETATION In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. FUNDING British Journal of Surgery Society.
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