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Inamura K, Konishi J, Nishitani H, Kousaka S, Matsumura Y, Takeda H, Kondoh H. Status of PACS and technology assessment in Japan. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2001; 66:5-15. [PMID: 11378216 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2607(01)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The situation of PACS installations in Japan from 1987 to 1999 has been investigated. By 1999, 751 PACS units have been installed. Of these, 613 are small-size PACS with less than four image display terminals, 96 are medium-size with 5-14 terminals and 42 are large-size with 15 up to 300 terminals. The 42 hospitals with large sized PACS have been retrospectively investigated from 1984 for PACS experiments and from 1989 for PACS operation. Most of these 42 hospitals have increased the number of PACS terminals by installing additional PACS units instead of reinforcing the existing single PACS. Some (23%) PACS installations have obviously not been successful because of low image transfer speed and inadequate image quality. The use of DICOMM interfaces has increased the number of modalities connected to PACS and influenced the spread of PACS installations in Japan. The status of HIS and RIS coupling to PACS and the use of PACS in primary diagnosis or in image referral are discussed. Assessment of PACS is now in a very early stage. Baseline studies of HIS/RIS/PACS effectiveness have been carried out to assess quantitatively the PACS merit. Radiologists' answers to the questionnaire on PACS usage do not fully support the finding that the number of PACS installations is growing in Japan.
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Iwano S, Ishigaki T, Shimamoto K, Inamura K, Maeda T, Ikeda M, Ishiguchi T, Kozuka T. Detection of subtle pulmonary disease on CR chest images: monochromatic CRT monitor vs color CRT monitor. Eur Radiol 2001; 11:59-64. [PMID: 11194919 DOI: 10.1007/s003300000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the diagnostic efficacy of color soft-copy computed radiographic (CR) images of the chest in the detection of subtle pulmonary abnormalities. Twenty observers compared 87 soft-copy CR images on four types of CRT monitor (nonmagnified monochromatic CRT, magnified monochromatic CRT, nonmagnified color CRT, and magnified color CRT). Of 87 test images, 45 (including two identical sets of 12 images to test intraobserver variability) were abnormal and 42 (including two identical sets of 12 images) were normal. Of the 45 abnormal images, 15 showed subtle abnormalities, 15 showed mild abnormalities, and 15 showed obvious abnormalities. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, there were no statistically significant differences among the four types of CRT display formats in the detection of subtle abnormalities. Color CRT monitors can replace monochromatic CRT monitors without any loss in the ability to detect subtle interstitial lung disease.
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M. Inward current responses to urinary substances in rat vomeronasal sensory neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:3529-36. [PMID: 11029622 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
No study has yet demonstrated an inward current in response to pheromonal substances in vomeronasal sensory neurons. Using female rat vomeronasal sensory neurons, we here successfully recorded inward currents in response to urine from various sources. Of the neurons that responded to urine, 77% responded to only one type of urine. Male Wistar urine induced responses preferentially in the apical layer of the sensory epithelium, whilst male Donryu and female Wistar urine induced responses mainly in the basal layer of the epithelium. The amplitude of inward currents induced by application of male Wistar urine was voltage-dependent with average amplitude of -47.1+/-6.2 pA at -74 mV. The average reversal potential for male Wistar urine was -9.3 +/-6.1 mV, which was not apparently different from the reversal potentials for urine from different species. It is likely that the urine-induced inward currents in response to different types of urine are mediated via a similar channel. The simultaneous removal of Na+ and Ca2+ from extracellular solution eliminated the response. The magnitude of the urine-induced inward current in Cl--free external solution was similar to that in normal solution, suggesting that the urine-induced current is cation selective. Removal of external Ca2+ enhanced the amplitude of the urine-induced current and prolonged the response. Application of the constant-field equation indicated a very high permeability coefficient for Ca2+. This study first demonstrated that substances contained in urine elicited inward currents, which induce an excitatory response in vomeronasal sensory neurons, through cation-selective channels.
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Yamaguchi T, Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M. Increases in Fos-immunoreactivity after exposure to a combination of two male urinary components in the accessory olfactory bulb of the female rat. Brain Res 2000; 876:211-4. [PMID: 10973612 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to either the dialyzed urine preparation (<500 Da) or the remaining substances (>500 Da) did not induce expression of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the mitral/tufted cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), whereas exposure to a mixture of these preparation did induce expression. These results suggest that a combination of low and high molecular weight substances is necessary for the increases in Fos-immunoreactivity in the AOB.
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Inamura K, Ohta N, Fukase S, Kasajima N, Aoyagi M. The effects of erythromycin on human peripheral neutrophil apoptosis. Rhinology 2000; 38:124-9. [PMID: 11072658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin is reported to have an anti-inflammatory action, which may account for its clinical effectiveness in treating chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and chronic sinusitis. The evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of erythromycin, we examined apoptosis of isolated neutrophils incubated with and without erythromycin. As a result, erythromycin augmented neutrophil apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal effect at 10 micrograms/ml and above. The percentage of neutrophil apoptosis at 12 h was 79.2 +/- 2.3% in medium with 10 micrograms/ml of erythromycin compared with 51.2 +/- 4.1% in control medium (p < 0.005). In a manner similar to that of erythromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, also increased neutrophil apoptosis. However, there was no effect on apoptosis induced by treatment with josamycin (macrolide antibiotic), ampicillin (beta-lactam.) and cefazolin (cephalosporin antibiotic), or gentamycin (aminoglycoside). These findings suggest that erythromycin shortens neutrophil survival by accelerating neutrophil apoptosis.
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M. Inhibition of fos-immunoreactivity in response to urinary pheromones by beta-adrenergic and serotonergic antagonists in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23:1108-10. [PMID: 10993216 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.23.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vomeronasal organs of female Wistar rats after the intraperitoneal administration of ketanserin and propranolol prior to sacrifice were exposed to sprayed urine of male Wistar rats. To explore the effects of these antagonists, we studied Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) structures, which correlate with cellular activity, in the accessory olfactory bulb of female rats after the vomeronasal organ was exposed to urine. After the administration of 3 mg/kg ketanserin, the expression of Fos-ir cells in the periglomerular cell layer in response to male Wistar urine was inhibited, while that in the mitral/tufted cell and granule cell layers was not changed. The administration of 20 mg/kg propranolol inhibited the expression of Fos-ir cells in all three layers. These results suggest that serotonin and noradrenaline are likely involved in the modulation of the expression of Fos-ir cells in response to the urine in the accessory olfactory bulb.
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Inamura K, Sakamoto H, Honda N, Kashiwayanagi M. Cluster of proliferating cells in rat vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Neuroreport 2000; 11:477-9. [PMID: 10718298 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200002280-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of small cells in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium of adult rats. The sensory neurons in the sensory epithelium were stained by antibodies to G(i2alpha) and G(oalpha) in their cell bodies and dendrites, while the small cells, which formed a cluster in the epithelium, were not stained at all. Voltage-activated inward currents were not detected by patch-clamp recordings, but outward currents were induced by the application of voltage step pulses. These results suggest that the small cells are different from the vomeronasal sensory neurons. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling indicated that dividing cells existed in the cluster of small cells.
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Xin KQ, Lu Y, Hamajima K, Fukushima J, Yang J, Inamura K, Okuda K. Immunization of RANTES expression plasmid with a DNA vaccine enhances HIV-1-specific immunity. Clin Immunol 1999; 92:90-6. [PMID: 10413656 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1999.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play important roles in regulating immune response. This study evaluated the adjuvant effect of an expression plasmid encoding RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) chemokine on the immunity induced by a DNA vaccine. This vaccine consists of expression plasmids encoding the env and rev genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DNA vaccination with RANTES plasmid induced significantly higher titers of serum HIV-1-specific IgG and IgG2a antibodies than DNA vaccination alone on both intramuscular and intranasal immunization. This combination also increased HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Intranasal immunization induced a higher titer of fecal secretory IgA antibody than intramuscular immunization. These results demonstrate that coadministration of RANTES plasmid dominantly induced HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation
- Antibody Specificity
- Chemokine CCL5/immunology
- Female
- HIV-1/immunology
- Histiocytes/chemistry
- Histiocytes/cytology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/virology
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Lymphocytes/chemistry
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Vaccines, DNA/chemistry
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M, Kurihara K. Regionalization of Fos immunostaining in rat accessory olfactory bulb when the vomeronasal organ was exposed to urine. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11:2254-60. [PMID: 10383614 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cells in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of rats following vomeronasal organ exposure to urine was studied. Following exposure to male and female Wistar rat urine, Fos-ir cells were found in the mitral/tufted cell layer, granule cell layer and periglomerular cell layer of the AOB of female Wistar rat, with the highest number in the granule cell layer. Exposure to water or removal of the vomeronasal organ suppressed the expression of Fos-ir cells. These results suggest that female Wistar rats specifically detect urinary substances derived from male or female Wistar rats via the vomeronasal organ. Exposure of the vomeronasal organ of female Wistar rats to male Wistar urine induced the appearance of many more Fos-ir cells in all layers of the AOB than exposure to female Wistar urine. As for the mitral/tufted cell layer, the density of Fos-ir cells in the rostral portion (Gi2alpha-positive) of all regions of the AOB was about twice as high as that in the caudal portion when male urine was given. The distribution pattern of Fos-ir cells in response to female urine was not identical to that in response to male urine. That is, the density of Fos-ir cells in the caudal portion was slightly larger than that in the rostral portion in the lateral region, while in other regions the density in the rostral portion was higher than that in the caudal portion. It is likely that information from different pheromones is transmitted to the higher brain regions through the different regions of the AOB.
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Inamura K, Matsumoto Y, Kashiwayanagi M, Kurihara K. Laminar distribution of pheromone-receptive neurons in rat vomeronasal epithelium. J Physiol 1999; 517 ( Pt 3):731-9. [PMID: 10358114 PMCID: PMC2269374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0731s.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Responses of vomeronasal sensory neurons to urine excreted from rats, mice and hamsters were studied by the on-cell patch clamp method in slices of sensory epithelium from female Wistar rats. 2. The urine excreted from male and female Wistar rats, male Donryu rats and male C57BL/6 mice induced relatively large responses, while urine from male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Syrian hamsters induced small responses. 3. Of the 62 neurons responding to urine, 57 responded to only one of the urine preparations. 4. The sensory neurons that responded to the male Wistar urine were localized in the apical position of the epithelium where one type of GTP-binding protein, Gi2alpha, is selectively expressed. The neurons in the basal position of the epithelium, which express Goalpha, responded to urine from the other animals. 5. This study demonstrates that sensory neurons responsive to different urinary pheromones are localized in a segregated layer in the rat vomeronasal sensory epithelium.
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Kuroda M, Inamura K, Tahara S, Kurabayashi Y, Akagi T, Asaumi J, Togami I, Takemoto M, Honda O, Morioka Y, Kawasaki S, Hiraki Y. A new experimental system for irradiating tumors in mice using a linear accelerator under specific pathogen-free conditions. ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 1999; 53:111-8. [PMID: 10410787 DOI: 10.18926/amo/31638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We developed a reliable system for the irradiation of xenografted tumors in mice which allows for accurate local irradiation under specific pathogen-free conditions. The system presented here consists of acrylic supports for mice and an acrylic box connected to a pump through 0.22 microns pore-sized filters. Mice with xenotransplanted tumors growing on their right hind legs were set on the supports and put into the box in a laminar flow hood. The tumors of 7 mice were irradiated simultaneously with X-rays of 6 and 10 MV generated by a linear accelerator at a dose rate of 3.1-4.7 Gy/min. The air was ventilated through filters during irradiation in the closed box. Microorganism tests confirmed that no bacteria entered or left the box. One of the significant characteristics of this setup is that it allows for irradiation under conditions of acute hypoxia, which is obtained using an integrated tourniquet. The dose variation among 7 tumors was less than 1%. The rest of the mouse's body was shielded effectively by a half-field technique and a lead block. As a result, the whole body dose for the mice was 0-4% of the total dose absorbed by the tumor. Due to the high dose rate and the ability to irradiate 7 mice simultaneously under specific pathogen-free conditions, this new system can be considered a time-saving and valuable tool for radiation oncology research.
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Sasaki K, Okamoto K, Inamura K, Tokumitsu Y, Kashiwayanagi M. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation induced by urinary pheromones in female rat vomeronasal epithelium. Brain Res 1999; 823:161-8. [PMID: 10095022 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in pheromone-induced responses in the vomeronasal neurons, especially in mammals, are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of rat urine samples containing various types of pheromones regulating gonadal functions on the accumulation of cAMP and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) in a vomeronasal membrane preparation from the female Wistar rat. Stimulation of the preparation with forskolin induced cAMP accumulation, but stimulation with urine samples excreted from the male Wistar rat, the female Wistar rat, and the male Donryu rat did not change cAMP levels. These results were consistent with the electrophysiological results showing that dialysis of a high concentration of cAMP into the vomeronasal neuron does not induce currents. Stimulation with the three urine samples induced the accumulation of IP3 in the membrane preparation. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological results [K. Inamura, M. Kashiwayanagi, K. Kurihara, Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate induces responses in receptor neurons in rat vomeronasal sensory slices, Chem. Senses 22 (1997) 93-103; K. Inamura, M. Kashiwayanagi, K. Kurihara, Blockage of urinary responses by inhibitors for IP3-mediated pathway in rat vomeronasal sensory neurons, Neurosci. Lett. 233 (1997) 129-132]. After the treatment with Pertussis toxin (PTX), the male Wistar urine did not induce IP3 accumulation significantly. Application of the male Wistar urine decreased ADP-ribosylation of Gi with PTX, while that of the male Donryu urine decreased ADP-ribosylation of Go. Thus, the present results support a mechanism by which the responses of the rat vomeronasal neurons to urinary pheromones are mediated by IP3, Gi and/or Go.
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Nishino T, Teshima T, Abe M, Ikeda H, Oguchi M, Hirokawa Y, Hiraoka M, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Nishio M, Niibe H, Mori T, Masuda K, Harauchi H, Inamura K. Consistency of variables in PCS and JASTRO great area database. RADIATION MEDICINE 1998; 16:449-55. [PMID: 9929145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether the Patterns of Care Study (PCS) reflects the data for the major areas in Japan, the consistency of variables in the PCS and in the major area database of the Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (JASTRO) were compared. METHODS AND PATIENTS Patients with esophageal or uterine cervical cancer were sampled from the PCS and JASTRO databases. From the JASTRO database, 147 patients with esophageal cancer and 95 patients with uterine cervical cancer were selected according to the eligibility criteria for the PCS. From the PCS, 455 esophageal and 432 uterine cervical cancer patients were surveyed. Six items for esophageal cancer and five items for uterine cervical cancer were selected for a comparative analysis of PCS and JASTRO databases. RESULTS Esophageal cancer: Age (p=.0777), combination of radiation and surgery (p=.2136), and energy of the external beam (p=.6400) were consistent for PCS and JASTRO. However, the dose of the external beam for the non-surgery group showed inconsistency (p=.0467). Uterine cervical cancer: Age (p=.6301) and clinical stage (p=.8555) were consistent for the two sets of data. However, the energy of the external beam (p<.0001), dose rate of brachytherapy (p<.0001), and brachytherapy utilization by clinical stage (p<.0001) showed inconsistencies. CONCLUSION It appears possible that the JASTRO major area database could not account for all patients' backgrounds and factors and that both surveys might have an imbalance in the stratification of institutions including differences in equipment and staffing patterns.
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M, Kurihara K. Effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside on odor responses in turtle olfactory sensory neurons. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:C1201-6. [PMID: 9814967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.5.c1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on odor responses in isolated turtle olfactory neurons were examined. The inward current induced by dialysis of a mixture of 1 mM cAMP and 1 mM cGMP was similar to that induced by dialysis of 1 mM cAMP or 1 mM cGMP alone. After the neurons were desensitized by the application of 1 mM cGMP, 3 mM 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, a membrane-permeable cAMP analog, did not elicit any current, indicating that both cAMP and cGMP activated the same channel. Extracellular application of SNP, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, evoked inward currents in a dose-dependent manner. However, application of SNP did not induce any currents after desensitization of the cGMP-induced currents, suggesting that SNP-induced currents are mediated via the cGMP-dependent pathway. Application of the cAMP-producing odorants to the neurons induced a large inward current even after neurons were desensitized to a high concentration of cGMP or SNP. These results suggest that the transduction pathway independent of cAMP, cGMP, and NO also contributes to the generation of odor responses in addition to the cAMP-dependent pathway.
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Inamura K, Umeda T, Sukenobu Y, Matsuki T, Kondo H, Takeda H, Inoue M, Nakamura H, Kozuka T. HIS/RIS contribution to image diagnosis and maximization of efficacy of PACS when coupled with HIS/RIS. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 1998; 57:41-49. [PMID: 9803997 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2607(98)00043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the efficacy of the PACS coupled with the HIS/RIS and to clarify the effectiveness of the PACS itself, the amount of contribution of the HIS/NS to image diagnosis was measured beforehand. Video-tape recorders were used to record the CRT display of the HIS/RIS terminals and the simultaneous conversation between a patient and his physician in the clinics of our hospital. Consultation time and entry time for image examination order were measured for each case by replay of the tape. Consultation time was approximately 10 min, while order time was 2-3.5 min depending on whether the physician was an internist or an orthopedist. Detailed description on an order was closely related to detailed reports. The HIS/RIS contributed to image diagnosis even before the PACS was coupled. Concrete methods of efficacy maximization of the PACS were pointed out by internists and orthopedists in terms of modalities, outpatient clinics and wards.
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Kondoh H, Washiashi T, Sasagaki M, Arisawa J, Nakamura H, Inamura K. Development and evaluation of PC-based HIS-RIS-modality-PACS coupling: the results of evaluation of initial stage with personal computer application. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 1998; 57:63-68. [PMID: 9804000 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2607(98)00046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A PC-based HIS/RIS/Modality/PACS coupling was developed and operated where hospital-wide PACS was closely cooperated with the HIS and RIS. Three workstations with a magneto-optical disk (MOD) juke-box for each one were used as PACS servers to collect images from eight computed radiography systems and three CT scanners. An implementation of JPEG compression reduced network load and storage volume. Twenty PACS-terminals can be connected to the PACS servers and get images from them. Functions of the terminals are magnification, tone scale modification and mensuration. The physicians can also get images on HIS-terminals employing improved HIS-terminal functions. This system has many advantages: (1) inexpensive; (2) close cooperation with the HIS and RIS which makes them easy to manage and retrieve images automatically; and (3) it is an open system, which enables us to apply new technologies. As a matter of fact the introduction of a new PC and a new OS made it possible to decrease displaying response time.
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Inamura K, Inoue T. [Selection of clinical evaluation criterion and method of measurement]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1998; 25:7-12. [PMID: 9464323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The criterion for clinical evaluation of radiotherapy is defined by the authors as follows: Cost-effectiveness = Quality adjusted life year of a patient divided by the expenditure for the patient. Here, quality adjusted life year is calculated by estimating transition probabilities employing the Malkov process model. An expression model for estimation of radiotherapy effectiveness of the patient was proposed and applied. The actual cost of radiotherapy for the patient was calculated by carrying out a Care Map Study in a radiotherapy facility. The time study measures, the hours spent treating the patient by the kind of medical staff. Then, cost-effectiveness was calculated using these two variables in 2,926 patients from 147 radiotherapy facilities collected from a multi-institutional radiation oncology database developed and operated for the five years. A worksheet composed of 55 items of radiotherapy record for one site of a patient. Another worksheet for patient follow-up was composed of 14 items. Six retrospective and prospective data collections and three follow-up investigations were carried out. This study intended to determine the cost-effectiveness of radiotherapy in terms of cancer sites, diseases and treatment modalities. A further target is to expand this method to evaluate new technologies of health care at large as well as radiation oncology.
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M, Kurihara K. Blockage of urinary responses by inhibitors for IP3-mediated pathway in rat vomeronasal sensory neurons. Neurosci Lett 1997; 233:129-32. [PMID: 9350849 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian vomeronasal system is involved in the effects of urinary chemicals on gonadal functions and sexual behaviors. For example, exposure to urine affects the timing of oestrous cycles in rats. Rat vomeronasal sensory neurons in slice preparation were studied under on-cell patch clamp conditions. We found that urine excreted from male Wistar rats increased impulse frequency in vomeronasal sensory neurons of female Wistar rats. The urinary responses were blocked by an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-channel inhibitor (10 microM ruthenium red) or phospholipase C inhibitors (10 microM U-73122 and 1 mM neomycin), suggesting that pheromone-like substances in the urine induce the response in the rat vomeronasal sensory neurons via the IP3-dependent transduction pathway.
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Inamura K, Kimura M, Ito A, Umeda T, Kozuka T. [Cost effectiveness of image diagnosis]. RINSHO BYORI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 1997; 45:350-6. [PMID: 9136600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
First, annual cost of electronic filing of medical images were calculated and compared with that of film storage in two hospitals under different conditions. Storage of medical images using a pixel size of 100 microns x 100 microns and 2-byte depth on the 130 mm, 650 MB magneto-optical disks costs with four times as much as the cost for film storage. However, 175 microns x 175 microns 12 bits combined with implementation of lossless compression would reduce the cost to a level equal to that for films storage. Doubled or tripled densities of MOD will improve the cost ever further. Second, the effectiveness of Hospital Information System/Radiological Information System (HIS/RIS) was evaluated. Examination time, film delivery time and the total turn-around time was markedly shortened by more than 23 hours on average. Our measurement method employing IC cards in pre-post HIS/RIS/PACS procedures is generally applicable to other hospitals. Third, to determine the optimal method of maximizing the efficacy of diagnostic imaging, 260 questionnaires were sent to the staff of 13 university hospitals. Every situation was described by both a radiologist and the physician who ordered the examination and received the reports and images. The level of technical efficacy and diagnostic accuracy of radiology strongly influenced the diagnostic thought processes of the physician.
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Kashiwayanagi M, Inamura K, Nagasawa F, Kurihara K. Odor discrimination of 'cAMP-' and 'IP3-increasing' odorants at high temperature and at high NaCl concentration in turtle olfactory system. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PARIS 1997; 91:1-6. [PMID: 9210095 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)80160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the turtle olfactory system to discriminate between various cAMP- and IP3-increasing odorants at high temperature and at high NaCl concentration in the olfactory bulb was examined by the cross-adaptation technique. The degrees of discrimination in high [Na+] solution were similar to those in normal Ringer's solution, suggesting that selectivities of receptors coupled with cAMP- and IP3-dependent pathways are similar to those coupled with both cAMP- and IP3-independent pathways. The mean values of the degree of discrimination among the IP3-increasing odorants were higher than those among the cAMP-increasing odorants at high temperature and at high [Na+] concentration. The degrees of discrimination among the IP3-increasing odorants at 40 degrees C were greater than those at 25 degrees C, while those among the cAMP-increasing odorants at 40 degrees C were similar to those at 25 degrees C, suggesting that the features of the receptors of cAMP-increasing odorants are different from those which respond to IP3-increasing odorants.
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Inamura K, Kashiwayanagi M, Kurihara K. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate induces responses in receptor neurons in rat vomeronasal sensory slices. Chem Senses 1997; 22:93-103. [PMID: 9056089 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/22.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique, we recorded action potentials, voltage-activated cationic currents and putative second messenger-activated currents in receptor neurons in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium of female rats. The resting membrane potential and input resistance were -45.5 +/- 2.5 mV (mean +/- SEM, n = 39) and 1.5 +/- 0.2 G omega (mean +/- SEM, n = 37). Current injection of 1-3 pA induced overshooting action potentials. The firing frequency increased with increasing current injections linearly from 1 to 10 pA and reached a plateau at 30 pA, suggesting that rat vomeronasal receptor neurons sensitively elicit action potentials in response to a small receptor potential. Under voltage clamp, voltage-dependent Na+ inward current, inward Ca2+ current, sustained outward K+ current and Ca-(2+)-activated K(+)-current were identified. Dialysis of D-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (D-IP3) induced inward currents with an increase in membrane conductance in approximately 54% of the cells and inward current fluctuations in 15% of the cell. L-IP3 also induced inward currents and current fluctuations in 53 and 13% of the cells respectively. The mean amplitude of inward currents induced by 100 microM D-IP3 and L-IP3 were 84.6 +/- 14.0 pA (SEM, n = 82) and 66.1 +/- 9.4 pA (SEM, n = 100) respectively. The IP3-induced responses were blocked by elimination of Na+ and Ca2+ in the external solution or application of 10 microM ruthenium red. The present study suggested that IP3-mediated transduction pathways exist in rat vomeronasal receptor neurons.
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Inamura K, Umeda T, Harauchi H, Kondoh H, Hasegawa T, Kozuka T, Takeda H, Inoue M. Time and flow study results before and after installation of a hospital information system and radiology information system and before clinical use of a picture archiving and communication system. J Digit Imaging 1997; 10:1-9. [PMID: 9147521 PMCID: PMC3453186 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of a hospital information system (HIS) and a radiological information system (RIS) was evaluated to optimize preparation for the planned full clinical operation of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS), which is now linked experimentally to the HIS and the RIS. One thousand IC (integrated circuit) cards were used for time studies and flow studies in the hospital. Measurements were performed on image examination order entry, image examination, reporting, and image delivery times. Even though after the HIS and the RIS operation only a small amount of time savings were realized in each time fraction component, such as in the patient movement time, examination time, and film delivery time, the total turn-around time was shortened markedly, by more than 23 hours on average. It was verified that the HIS and the RIS was beneficial in the outpatient clinics of the orthopedic department. Our method of measurement employing IC cards before and after HIS and RIS operations can be applied in other hospitals.
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Usuda K, Inamura K, Katayama Y, Terashi A. [Ischemic neuronal damage in early recovery. A morphological study on evolution of damage in hyperglycemia and normoglycemia]. NIHON IKA DAIGAKU ZASSHI 1996; 63:460-72. [PMID: 8987364 DOI: 10.1272/jnms1923.63.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of neuronal damage in various regions during ischemia and in early recovery was investigated morphologically using hyperglycemic and normoglycemic Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia (20-35 mu mol/ml plasma) was achieved with the infusion of glucose (i.v.) prior to ischemia. Forebrain ischemia (10 minutes) was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypotension. Normoglycemic rats were fasted prior to ishcemia. Ischemic changes of neurons were quantified by a five-point scale in the caudoputamen (CPu), globus pallidus (GP), hippocampus CA 1 (CA 1), parietal cortex (Par), and substantia nigra reticulata (SNR) during ishcemia and for 90 minutes after recirculation. In the hyperglycemic group, (1), CPu, CA 1 and Par; severely damaged neurons were seen at 60-90 minutes after recirculation. (2) GP; there was little neuronal damage. (3) SNR; immediately after recirculation damaged neurons were observed, and more damage was observed at 90 minutes post recirculation. In the normoglycemic group, no prominent neuronal damage was observed in any region. Hyperglycemia exacerbated ischemic neuronal damage after reperfusion. The evolution of neuronal damage was similar in the CPu and Par regions, but was different in the GP and SNR regions.
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Inamura K, Mano T, Iwase S, Amagishi Y, Inamura S. One-minute wave in body fluid volume change enhanced by postural sway during upright standing. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 81:459-69. [PMID: 8828698 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze how the 1-min oscillation in postural sway and 1-min wave in body fluid volume change contribute to human circulatory homeostasis, several levels of body circumference, foot pressure center, electromyograms, and volumes of the leg, abdomen, and thorax were measured during upright standing for 40 min in 20 healthy young men. Spectral analyses of these parameters revealed that a 1-min rhythm is found in all parameters and that the 1-min wave in body fluid volume changes in the lower leg, which occur in fluid pooling caused by gravity, propagate upward. Muscle pumping in the lower leg triggered by the postural sway was found to increase the power of this 1-min wave. A quantitative analysis of body circumferences disclosed that the 1-min wave in body fluid volume change compensates for gravitational downward fluid shift, with the volume of 6.3 +/- 5.0 ml/cycle at the heart level. We concluded that a coupling mechanism between the 1-min oscillation in postural sway and the upward propagation of 1-min wave in body fluid volume change contributes to maintain systemic blood pressure during upright standing in humans.
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