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Rost NS, Rahman RM, Biffi A, Smith EE, Kanakis A, Fitzpatrick K, Lima F, Worrall BB, Meschia JF, Brown RD, Brott TG, Sorensen AG, Greenberg SM, Furie KL, Rosand J. White matter hyperintensity volume is increased in small vessel stroke subtypes. Neurology 2010; 75:1670-7. [PMID: 21060091 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fc279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White matter hyperintensity (WMH) may be a marker of an underlying cerebral microangiopathy. Therefore, we hypothesized that WMH would be most severe in patients with lacunar stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 2 types of stroke in which cerebral small vessel (SV) changes are pathophysiologically relevant. METHODS We determined WMH volume (WMHV) in cohorts of prospectively ascertained patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) (Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH], n = 628, and the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study [ISGS], n = 263) and ICH (MGH, n = 122). RESULTS Median WMHV was 7.5 cm³ (interquartile range 3.4-14.7 cm³) in the MGH AIS cohort (mean age 65 ± 15 years). MGH patients with larger WMHV were more likely to have lacunar stroke compared with cardioembolic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87 per SD normally transformed WMHV), large artery (OR = 2.25), undetermined (OR = 1.87), or other (OR = 1.85) stroke subtypes (p < 0.03). These associations were replicated in the ISGS cohort (p = 0.03). In a separate analysis, greater WMHV was seen in ICH compared with lacunar stroke (OR = 1.2, p < 0.02) and in ICH compared with all ischemic stroke subtypes combined (OR = 1.34, p < 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Greater WMH burden was associated with SV stroke compared with other ischemic stroke subtypes and, even more strongly, with ICH. These data, from 2 independent samples, support the model that increasing WMHV is a marker of more severe cerebral SV disease and provide further evidence for links between the biology of WMH and SV stroke.
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Manning DD, Cioffi CL, Usyatinsky A, Fitzpatrick K, Masih L, Guo C, Zhang Z, Choo SH, Sikkander MI, Ryan KN, Naginskaya J, Hassler C, Dobritsa S, Wierschke JD, Earley WG, Butler AS, Brady CA, Barnes NM, Cohen ML, Guzzo PR. Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:58-61. [PMID: 21146988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor partial agonists are being targeted as potential new drugs for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Two new chemical series bearing indazole and indole cores have exhibited nanomolar binding affinity for the h5-HT(3)A receptor. A range of partial agonist activities in HEK cells heterologously expressing the h5-HT(3)A receptor were measured for the indazole series. Excellent 5-HT(3) receptor selectivity, favorable in vitro metabolic stability and CYP inhibition properties, and good oral in vivo potency in the murine von Bezold-Jarisch reflex model is exemplified thereby indicating the series to have potential utility as improved IBS agents.
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Yang Z, Fairfax DJ, Maeng JH, Masih L, Usyatinsky A, Hassler C, Isaacson S, Fitzpatrick K, DeOrazio RJ, Chen J, Harding JP, Isherwood M, Dobritsa S, Christensen KL, Wierschke JD, Bliss BI, Peterson LH, Beer CM, Cioffi C, Lynch M, Rennells WM, Richards JJ, Rust T, Khmelnitsky YL, Cohen ML, Manning DD. Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6538-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bai M, Carr G, DeOrazio RJ, Friedrich TD, Dobritsa S, Fitzpatrick K, Guzzo PR, Kitchen DB, Lynch MA, Peace D, Sajad M, Usyatinsky A, Wolf MA. 5-Functionalized indazoles as glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3017-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kam JWY, Dao E, Farley J, Fitzpatrick K, Smallwood J, Schooler JW, Handy TC. Slow fluctuations in attentional control of sensory cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 23:460-70. [PMID: 20146593 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Top-down control of visual sensory cortex has long been tied to the orienting of visual spatial attention on a rapid, moment-to-moment basis. Here, we examined whether sensory responses in visual cortex are also modulated by natural and comparatively slower fluctuations in whether or not one is paying attention to the task at hand. Participants performed a simple visual discrimination task at fixation as the ERPs to task-irrelevant probes in the upper visual periphery were recorded. At random intervals, participants were stopped and asked to report on their attentional state at the time of stoppage-either "on-task" or "off-task." ERPs to the probes immediately preceding these subjective reports were then examined as a function of whether attention was in an on-task versus off-task state. We found that sensory-evoked responses to the probes were significantly attenuated during off-task relative to on-task states, as measured by the visual P1 ERP component. In two additional experiments, we replicated this effect while (1) finding that off-task sensory attenuation extends to the auditory domain, as measured by the auditory N1 ERP component, and (2) eliminating state-dependent shifts in general arousal as a possible explanation for the effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that sensory gain control in cortex is yoked to the natural ebb and flow in how much attention we pay to the current task over time.
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Mullaney L, Keaveney M, Baker R, Fitzpatrick K, Ryan L, Cronin S, Morgan I, Clayton-Lea A, O'Shea E. RECTAL PREPARATION FOR PROSTATE PATIENTS: A SOLUTION TO ADDRESS RECTAL VOLUME VARIATION. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Irwin J, Lagory M, Ritchey F, Fitzpatrick K. Social assets and mental distress among the homeless: exploring the roles of social support and other forms of social capital on depression. Soc Sci Med 2008; 67:1935-43. [PMID: 18930571 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the role of social capital in mediating the effects of stressors on depression among a disadvantaged population. Utilizing a survey of 155 homeless people in a mid-sized southern U.S. city, the authors address the relevance of social capital for quality of life. The paper provides a critical test of whether social support and other forms of social capital matter when monetary and human capital is extremely limited. Under these resource-restricted circumstances does social capital add to our understanding of the distress process or does it merely restate the well established relationship between social support and quality of life outcomes? Various forms of social capital are measured: religious social capital, group participation, social trust, and bridging social capital along with a commonly used measure of social support -- perceived strong tie support. Findings suggest that social capital matters for even the most resource poor populations. In addition, social capital variables add significantly to the variance explained in depressive symptomatology over and above that traditionally explained by perceived social support.
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Midgley I, Fitzpatrick K, Wright SJ, John BA, Peard AJ, Major RM, Holding JD, McBurney A, Anacardio R, Novellini R, Ferrari MP. Species differences in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of reparixin in rat and dog. Xenobiotica 2008; 36:419-40. [PMID: 16854780 DOI: 10.1080/00498250600646517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of reparixin (formerly repertaxin), a potent and specific inhibitor of the chemokine CXCL8, were investigated in rats and dogs after intravenous administration of [14C]-reparixin L-lysine salt. Protein binding of reparixin was investigated in vitro in rat, dog, rabbit, cynomolgus monkey and human plasma. Plasma protein binding of reparixin was >99% in the laboratory animals and humans up to 50 microg ml-1, but lower at higher concentrations. Although radioactivity was rapidly distributed into rat tissues, Vss was low (about 0.15 l kg-1) in both rat and dog. Nevertheless, reparixin was more rapidly eliminated in rats (t1/2 approximately 0.5 h) than in dogs (t1/2 approximately 10 h). Systemic exposure in dog was due primarily to parent drug, but metabolites played a more prominent role in rat. Oxidation of the isobutyl side-chain was the major metabolic pathway in rat, whereas hydrolysis of the amide bond predominated in dog. Urinary excretion, which accounted for 80-82% of the radioactive dose, was the major route of elimination in both species, and biotransformation of reparixin was complete before excretion.
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Alstermark C, Amin K, Dinn SR, Elebring T, Fjellström O, Fitzpatrick K, Geiss WB, Gottfries J, Guzzo PR, Harding JP, Holmén A, Kothare M, Lehmann A, Mattsson JP, Nilsson K, Sundén G, Swanson M, von Unge S, Woo AM, Wyle MJ, Zheng X. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonists as gastroesophageal reflux inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4315-20. [PMID: 18578471 DOI: 10.1021/jm701425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the prototypical GABA B receptor agonist baclofen inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs), the most important mechanism for gastroesophageal reflux. Thus, GABA B agonists could be exploited for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, baclofen, which is used as an antispastic agent, and other previously known GABA B agonists can produce CNS side effects such as sedation, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting at higher doses. We now report the discovery of atypical GABA B agonists devoid of classical GABA B agonist related CNS side effects at therapeutic doses and the optimization of this type of compound for inhibition of TLESRs, which has resulted in a candidate drug ( R)- 7 (AZD3355) that is presently being evaluated in man.
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Cuthill JA, Fitzpatrick K, Glen J. Anaesthesia - a sedentary specialty? Accelerometer assessment of the activity level of anaesthetists while at work. Anaesthesia 2008; 63:279-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lehmann A, Holmberg AA, Bhatt U, Bremner-Danielsen M, Brändén L, Elg S, Elebring T, Fitzpatrick K, Geiss WB, Guzzo P, Jensen J, Jerndal G, Mattsson JP, Nilsson K, Olsson BM. Effects of (2R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs and mechanism of hypothermic effects in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:89-97. [PMID: 15980875 PMCID: PMC1576248 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the novel GABA analogue (2R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) were studied in the dog. In addition, the GABA(A)/GABA(B) selectivity was determined in vitro and in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics and the metabolism of the compound were studied in the dog and rat. TLOSRs were reduced by 55 +/- 8% after intragastric administration of AFPSiA at 14 mumol kg(-1) and did not decrease further at higher doses. When evaluated 2 and 4 h after administration, the effect declined to 37 +/- 6 and 16 +/- 9%, respectively. Spontaneous swallowing was only significantly inhibited at 100 micromol kg(-1). The oral availability of AFPSiA was 52 +/- 17 and 71 +/- 4% in the dog and rat, respectively. A fraction of AFPSiA was oxidised to the corresponding sulphonate, (2R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)sulphonic acid (AFPSoA) after oral administration to the rat and dog. In rat brain membranes, AFPSiA was found to have ten times higher affinity for rat brain GABA(B) (K(i) =47 +/- 4.4 nM) compared to GABA(A) (K(i) = 430 +/- 46 nM) binding sites. The compound was a full agonist at human recombinant GABA(B(1a,2)) receptors (EC(50) = 130 +/- 10 nM). In contrast, the metabolite AFPSoA was considerably more selective for binding to rat brain GABA(A) (K(i) = 37 +/- 3.1 nM) vs GABA(B) (K(i) = 6800 +/- 280 nM) receptors. In the mouse, high doses (1-8 mmol kg(-1)) of AFPSiA induced a rapid and mild hypothermia followed by a profound and sustained hypothermia at the higher doses tested (6 and 8 mmol kg(-1)). This effect was unaffected by the selective GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP62349. AFPSoA (1 and 2 mmol kg(-1)) produced transient and moderate hypothermia while the hypothermic response was considerably larger at 4 mmol kg(-1).It is concluded that AFPSiA inhibits but does not abolish TLOSRs in the dog. High doses of the compound induce hypothermia in the mouse, which probably is attributable to activation of the GABA(A) receptor. The latter effect may be caused both by AFPSiA and its oxidised sulphonic acid metabolite AFPSoA.
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Rittner AV, Fitzpatrick K, Corfield A. Best evidence topic report. Are antibiotics indicated following human bites? Emerg Med J 2005; 22:654. [PMID: 16113192 PMCID: PMC1726930 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.028662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A short cut review was carried out to establish whether antibiotics are indicated for human bites. Eighty nine papers were found using the reported search, of which two represent the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. Prophylactic antibiotics should be given to all patients with human bites to the hands, feet, and skin overlying joints or cartilaginous structures, and to all patients with bites that penetrate deeper than the epidermal layer.
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Martin J, Fitzpatrick K, McCloy R, Horan G, Faul C. 166 Ct scan-generated small bowel dvh's, and small bowel toxicity profiles, in post-operative gynaecological cancer patients, a prospective study assessing the impact of a bellyboard device. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Campbell RF, Fitzpatrick K, Inghardt T, Karlsson O, Nilsson K, Reilly JE, Yet L. Enzymatic resolution of substituted mandelic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bharucha AE, Camilleri M, Haydock S, Ferber I, Burton D, Cooper S, Tompson D, Fitzpatrick K, Higgins R, Zinsmeister AR. Effects of a serotonin 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist SB-207266 on gastrointestinal motor and sensory function in humans. Gut 2000; 47:667-74. [PMID: 11034583 PMCID: PMC1728108 DOI: 10.1136/gut.47.5.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin 5-HT(4) receptors are located on enteric cholinergic neurones and may regulate peristalsis. 5-HT(4) receptors on primary afferent neurones have been postulated to modulate visceral sensation. While 5-HT(4) agonists are used as prokinetic agents, the physiological role of 5-HT(4) receptors in the human gut is unknown. AIMS Our aim was to characterise the role of 5-HT(4) receptors in regulating gastrointestinal motor and sensory function in healthy subjects under baseline and stimulated conditions with a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist. METHODS Part A compared the effects of placebo to four doses of a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist (SB-207266) on the cisapride mediated increase in plasma aldosterone (a 5-HT(4) mediated response) and orocaecal transit in 18 subjects. In part B, 52 healthy subjects received placebo, or 0.05, 0.5, or 5 mg of SB-207266 for 10-12 days; gastric, small bowel, and colonic transit were measured by scintigraphy on days 7-9, and fasting and postprandial colonic motor function, compliance, and sensation during distensions were assessed on day 12. RESULTS Part A: 0.5, 5, and 20 mg doses of SB-207266 had significant and quantitatively similar effects, antagonising the cisapride mediated increase in plasma aldosterone and acceleration of orocaecal transit. Part B: SB-207266 tended to delay colonic transit (geometric centre of isotope at 24 (p=0.06) and 48 hours (p=0.08)), but did not have dose related effects on transit, fasting or postprandial colonic motor activity, compliance, or sensation. CONCLUSION 5-HT(4) receptors are involved in the regulation of cisapride stimulated orocaecal transit; SB 207266 tends to modulate colonic transit but not sensory functions or compliance in healthy human subjects.
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Thalamas C, Taylor A, Brefel-Courbon C, Eagle S, Fitzpatrick K, Rascol O. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between ropinirole and theophylline in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55:299-303. [PMID: 10424323 DOI: 10.1007/s002280050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ropinirole and theophylline have the potential to interact, because they use the same hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) as their major metabolic pathway. The present study investigated the effect of steady-state oral theophylline on the pharmacokinetics of ropinirole at steady state and the effect of steady-state ropinirole on the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of theophylline, both in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC and Cmax) for i.v. theophylline were compared before and after a 4-week period of oral treatment with ropinirole (2 mg t.i.d.) in 12 patients with PD. Patients were then maintained at this dose of ropinirole, and oral theophylline was co-administered at doses of up to 300 mg b.i.d. The parameters AUC, Cmax and tmax for ropinirole were compared before, during and after oral theophylline co-treatment. RESULTS Co-administration of ropinirole did not significantly change the pharmacokinetics of i.v. theophylline (mean AUC with and without ropinirole: 68.6 micog x h(-1) x ml(-1) and 70.0 microg x h(-1) x ml(-1), respectively: mean Cmax with and without ropinirole: 11.07 microg x ml(-1) and 11.83 microg x ml(-1), respectively). Similarly, there were no significant changes in ropinirole pharmacokinetics when the drug was co-administered with oral theophylline (mean AUC for ropinirole with and without theophylline: 21.91 ng x h(-1) x ml(-1) and 22.09 ng x h(-1) x ml(-1), respectively; mean Cmax for ropinirole with and without theophylline: 5.65 ng x ml(-1) and 5.54 ng x ml(-1), respectively; median tmax for ropinirole with and without theophylline: 2.0 h and 1.5 h, respectively). CONCLUSION These results suggest a lack of significant pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs at current therapeutic doses.
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Taylor A, Beerahee A, Citerone D, Davy M, Fitzpatrick K, Lopez-Gil A, Stocchi F. The effect of steady-state ropinirole on plasma concentrations of digoxin in patients with Parkinson's disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47:219-22. [PMID: 10190658 PMCID: PMC2014176 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this single-blind study was to assess the effect of ropinirole, a novel treatment for Parkinson's disease, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and safety of digoxin in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS There were three parts to the study: digoxin once daily plus placebo three times daily for 1 week; digoxin once daily plus ropinirole three times daily for 6 weeks; and digoxin once daily plus placebo three times daily for 1 week. Serial blood samples were collected over 24 h at the end of each part of the study for pharmacokinetic assessment. Pre-dose blood samples were collected on specific days throughout the study to assess the attainment of steady-state plasma levels of digoxin. The primary endpoints were AUC(0, tau) and Cmax for digoxin. RESULTS There was a mean decrease of 10% in digoxin AUC (0, tau) (90% CI: 0.79, 1.01) and a 25% decrease in digoxin Cmax (90% CI: 0.58, 0.97) when ropinirole was co-administered, compared with digoxin alone Cmin plasma values for digoxin, however, were fairly constant throughout the study (point estimates 0.99, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.15). Changes in trough levels of digoxin are believed to be the most reliable way of assessing steady-state concentrations of digoxin, and therefore the clinical significance of an interaction. Changes in Cmax are too readily influenced by other factors. CONCLUSIONS These results therefore indicate that on pharmacokinetic grounds no dose adjustment is necessary for digoxin co-administered with ropinirole.
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Brefel C, Thalamas C, Rayet S, Lopez-Gil A, Fitzpatrick K, Bullman S, Citerone DR, Taylor AC, Montastruc JL, Rascol O. Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of ropinirole in parkinsonian patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 45:412-5. [PMID: 9578193 PMCID: PMC1873962 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.t01-1-00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1997] [Accepted: 12/04/1997] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ropinirole is a specific non-ergoline dopamine D2-receptor agonist with antiparkinsonian properties. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ropinirole taken in the fasted condition were compared with those when it was co-administered with food. METHODS This was an open, randomized, two sessions cross over study in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease, comparing the steady-state pharmacokinetic profiles of ropinirole on two different study days: 'fasted' and 'fed'. RESULTS The mean Cmax was lower in the 'fed' regimen than in the 'fasted' one (-25%, P=0.002). The median tmax was observed 2.6 h later in the 'fed' regimen than in the 'fasted' regimen (P<0.05). There was a slight but significant decrease in AUC(0,8 h) in the 'fed' regimen (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Food decreases the rate of absorption of ropinirole, but has little effect on the extent of absorption.
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Hulst R, Heres H, Fitzpatrick K, Peper NC, Kellogg RM. Catalytic enantioselective alkylation of benzaldehyde with diethylzinc using chiral nonracemic (thio)-phosphoramidates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Murthy BV, Fogarty DJ, Fitzpatrick K, Brady MM. Headache during epidural top-ups in labour--a sign of reduced intracranial compliance. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995; 23:744-6. [PMID: 8669615 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x9502300619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Fitzpatrick K, Hulst R, Kellogg RM. Thiol and disulfide derivatives of ephedra alkaloids 2: A mechanistic study of their effect on the addition of diethyl zinc to benzaldehyde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00237-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hulst R, van Basten A, Fitzpatrick K, Kellogg RM. Kinetic resolution of alcohols in an asymmetric mitsunobu reaction using chiral nonracemic 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Burton B, Fitzpatrick K, Rogers J, Mitchell L, Turner B, Jaison B, Seville J. Perspectives on research. JOURNAL OF NURSING STAFF DEVELOPMENT : JNSD 1994; 10:333-4. [PMID: 7722667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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