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Pearce LA, Oddie GW, Coia G, Kortt AA, Hudson PJ, Lilley GG. Linear gene fusions of antibody fragments with streptavidin can be linked to biotin labelled secondary molecules to form bispecific reagents. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 1997; 42:1179-88. [PMID: 9305536 DOI: 10.1080/15216549700203651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric single chain antibody (scFv) fragments lack both the avidity of the bivalent IgG, or (Fab')2 fragment, and the effector functions conferred by the Fc domain. For certain diagnostic or therapeutic applications it may be desirable to link these molecules to other proteins, antibodies, enzymes or peptide ligands, and chemical or recombinant methods have been developed to produce many of these crosslinked reagents. One approach has been to link an antibody fragment to streptavidin which can bind a second biotinylated molecule to create a higher affinity, bifunctional or bispecific molecule. To demonstrate the applicability of this technology, an anti-neuraminidase NC10 scFv-streptavidin fusion was expressed in E. coli and the product was refolded and purified to homogeneity from 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Analysis in a BIAcore biosensor showed that the NC10 scFv moiety reacted with immobilised neuraminidase and that the core streptavidin moiety was able to bind biotinylated anti-ferritin Fab' to produce a new model bispecific reagent which bound ferritin. Conceptually, this design principle can be applied to the creation of useful diagnostic and possibly therapeutic molecules.
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Feinberg WM, Cornell ES, Nightingale SD, Pearce LA, Tracy RP, Hart RG, Bovill EG. Relationship between prothrombin activation fragment F1.2 and international normalized ratio in patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke 1997; 28:1101-6. [PMID: 9183333 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.28.6.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prothrombin time (expressed as the international normalized ratio [INR]) is the standard method of monitoring warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Prothrombin activation fragment F1.2 provides an index of in vivo thrombin generation and might provide a better index of the effective intensity of anticoagulation. We examined the relationship between F1.2 and INR in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS We measured INR and F1.2 levels in 846 patients with atrial fibrillation participating in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III study. Two hundred nineteen (26%) were taking aspirin alone, 326 (39%) were taking adjusted-dose warfarin, and 301 (36%) were taking a low fixed dose of warfarin (1 to 3 mg) plus aspirin (combination therapy). F1.2 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients receiving adjusted-dose warfarin or combination therapy had significantly higher INR and significantly lower F1.2 values than those on aspirin alone (P < or = .0001 for each of the four comparisons). F1.2 values (nanomolar) were inversely correlated with INR (F1.2 = -0.1 + 2.3[1/INR]; R2 = .37; P < .0001; simple linear regression). However, significant variability remained. Among patients receiving warfarin, older patients had higher F1.2 values than younger patients after adjustment for INR intensity (P < .001) in the model. There was no difference in the relationship between F1.2 and INR between men and women. CONCLUSIONS Increasing intensity of anticoagulation, as measured by the INR, is associated with decreasing thrombin generation as measured by the F1.2 level, but significant variability exists in this relationship. Older anticoagulated patients have higher F1.2 values than younger patients at equivalent INR values. The clinical significance of these differences is not clear. F1.2 measurement might provide information regarding anticoagulation intensity in addition to that reflected by the INR.
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Kortt AA, Lah M, Oddie GW, Gruen CL, Burns JE, Pearce LA, Atwell JL, McCoy AJ, Howlett GJ, Metzger DW, Webster RG, Hudson PJ. Single-chain Fv fragments of anti-neuraminidase antibody NC10 containing five- and ten-residue linkers form dimers and with zero-residue linker a trimer. PROTEIN ENGINEERING 1997; 10:423-33. [PMID: 9194168 DOI: 10.1093/protein/10.4.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of anti-neuraminidase antibody NC10 were constructed by joining the VH and VL domains with 10-residue (Gly4Ser)2 and five-residue (Gly4Ser) linkers; a zero-residue linker scFv was constructed by joining the C-terminal residue of the VH domain to the N-terminus of the VL domain. The scFv with the 10- and five-residue linkers exclusively formed dimeric antibody fragments (M(r) 52000). These were shown to be bivalent and were able to cross-link two neuraminidase tetramers to form a 'sandwich' type complex; each antigen combining site could also bind an anti-idiotype Fab'. The zero-residue linker scFv (M(r) 70000) was shown to form a trimer with three active antigen combining sites, each binding an anti-idiotype Fab' to yield a complex of M(r) 212000. The orientation of the combining sites in the zero-residue linker scFv, however, was such that it could not cross-link tetramers of neuraminidase. BIAcore biosensor experiments showed that the affinity of each individual antigen combining site in both the 10- and five-residue linker scFv dimers and zero-residue linker scFv trimer was essentially the same when the scFvs were immobilized onto the sensor surface. However, when the scFvs were used as the analyte, the dimeric and trimeric scFvs showed an apparent increase in binding affinity due to the avidity of binding the multivalent scFvs.
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Atwell JL, Pearce LA, Lah M, Gruen LC, Kortt AA, Hudson PJ. Design and expression of a stable bispecific scFv dimer with affinity for both glycophorin and N9 neuraminidase. Mol Immunol 1996; 33:1301-12. [PMID: 9171890 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(96)00097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and produced a stable bispecific scFv dimer (bisFv) by non-covalent association of two hybrid VH-VL pairs derived from an anti-neuraminidase antibody (NC10) and an anti-glycophorin antibody (1C3). The bisFv dimer was demonstrated to have binding activity to the two respective target antigens and was evaluated as a reagent for rapid whole blood agglutination assays. The bisFv was expressed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, from a secretion vector which comprised two cistrons in tandem under the control of a single lac promoter, inducible with IPTG. Each cistron encoded one of the hybrid VH-VL pairs, with V domains separated by a linker region encoding the five amino acids, Gly4Ser. The short linker region was designed to prevent association of VH and VL regions of the same molecule and favour the formation of dimers. The protein synthesized from each hybrid scFv cistron was directed to the E. coli periplasm by the inclusion of distinctive signal secretion sequences preceding each hybrid gene; from pel B of Erwinia cartovora and from gene III of fd phage. The bisFv was affinity-purified from culture supernatants via the C-terminal tag epitope FLAG and was shown, by FPLC on a Superose 6 column, to be consistent in size with that of a scFv dimer. The bisFv was stable for more than 4 months at 4 degrees C and was shown by BIAcore analysis to bind to either target antigen, human glycophorin, or tern N9 neuraminidase. Simultaneous binding to both target antigens was demonstrated when a pre-formed bisFv-neuraminidase complex was shown to bind to immobilized glycophorin. In whole blood agglutination assays, the bisFv dimer was able to agglutinate red blood cells when crosslinked with an anti-idiotype antibody (3-2G12) binding to the NC10 combining site, but no agglutination occurred on binding the antigen neuraminidase. These results are a function of the topology of the epitopes on neuraminidase and have implications for the use of relatively rigid bifunctional molecules (as bisFv dimers) to cross link two large membrane-anchored moieties, in this case, red blood cell glycophorin and neuraminidase, an M(r) 190,000 tetramer.
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Blackshear JL, Safford RE, Pearce LA. F-amplitude, left atrial appendage velocity, and thromboembolic risk in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:309-13. [PMID: 8706371 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960190406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced left atrial appendage velocity (LAAV) has been identified as a marker for thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. HYPOTHESIS It was postulated that electrocardiographic (ECG) F-wave amplitude would correlate with LAAV, and inversely with the risk of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS In all, 53 patients with nonrheumatic (NRAF) and 7 patients with rheumatic (RAF) atrial fibrillation underwent assessment of maximum LAAV, which was correlated to the maximum ECG F-wave voltage from lead V1 (F(max)). In 450 NRAF patients on neither aspirin nor warfarin, the relationship between F(max) and thromboembolic risk was assessed over an average follow-up of 1.3 years. RESULTS F(max) did not correlate with LAAV (r = 0.2, p = 0.07). Patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation (n = 123) had smaller F(max) amplitude than patients with constant atrial fibrillation (n = 327) (mean 0.73 vs. 0.88 mV-1, p = 0.001). F(max) amplitude was not related to a history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, duration of NRAF, abnormal transthoracic echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) systolic function or left atrial (LA) diameter. There was a strong trend for increased LV mass being related to smaller F(max) amplitude after adjusting for body surface area (p = 0.06). F(max) amplitude was not correlated with risk of embolic events, including only those events presumed by a panel of case-blinded neurologists to be cardioembolic. CONCLUSIONS F(max) amplitude in NRAF is smaller in patients with intermittent versus constant AF. It does not correlate with LAAV, LA size, increased LV mass, or systolic dysfunction, hypertension, or risk of embolism. Therefore, F(max) amplitude may not be used as a surrogate for LAAV, or as a measure of thromboembolic risk in NRAF.
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Miller VT, Pearce LA, Feinberg WM, Rothrock JF, Anderson DC, Hart RG. Differential effect of aspirin versus warfarin on clinical stroke types in patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Neurology 1996; 46:238-40. [PMID: 8559383 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.46.1.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II study compared the efficacy and safety of aspirin and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Three neurologists, blinded to patient therapy, categorized the pathophysiology of ischemic strokes that occurred in the trial based on predetermined clinical criteria. Upon analyzing the patients being treated with these two drugs, warfarin proved significantly more effective than aspirin in preventing cardioembolic strokes (p = 0.005) and strokes of uncertain pathophysiology (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the efficacy for prevention of noncardioembolic strokes.
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Kanter MC, Tegeler CH, Pearce LA, Weinberger J, Feinberg WM, Anderson DC, Gomez CR, Rothrock JF, Helgason CM, Hart RG. Carotid stenosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. Prevalence, risk factors, and relationship to stroke in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1994; 154:1372-7. [PMID: 8002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mechanisms contribute to the increased stroke rate of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed the frequency of carotid artery stenosis in patients with AF and its relationship to stroke during aspirin or warfarin therapy. METHODS Carotid ultrasonography was done in 676 patients with AF enrolled in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study to detect cervical carotid stenosis of 50% or more of the luminal diameter. The presence of carotid stenosis was correlated with patient features and subsequent stroke during a mean of 2.6 years of follow-up. RESULTS In patients with AF who were older than 70 years, the frequency of carotid stenosis was 12% in men and 11% in women. Carotid stenosis was independently associated with systolic hypertension (relative risk, 2.4; P = .002), diabetes (relative risk, 1.8; P = .04), and tobacco use (relative risk, 1.8; P = .02). Carotid stenosis did not add significantly to prediction of stroke when analyzed with other clinical risk factors for stroke in patients with AF (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 3.6; P = .55). CONCLUSIONS Carotid artery stenosis of 50% or more occurs in about 12% of elderly patients with AF, reflecting the substantial prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in these patients. Carotid stenosis was not usefully predictive of stroke in patients with AF who were given aspirin or warfarin. Routine ultrasonography to detect carotid stenosis does not appear warranted in patients with AF without previous symptoms of brain ischemia.
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Hess JC, Sedghinasab M, Moe RE, Pearce LA, Tapper D. Growth factor profiles in breast cyst fluid identify women with increased breast cancer risk. Am J Surg 1994; 167:523-30. [PMID: 8185042 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(94)90250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gross cystic disease and breast cancer are hormonally induced diseases that may share a common biochemical environment conducive to abnormal proliferative responses. Breast cyst fluid samples were analyzed for specific growth factors and levels were compared with breast cancer risk. Growth factor profiles identified both women at increased breast cancer risk and subgroups of women with distinct clinical manifestations of gross cystic disease. Women at increased risk for breast cancer demonstrated in their breast cyst fluid lower levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, compared to women at lower risk. The presence of multiple cysts was associated with increased mitogenic activity, increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF-beta breast cyst fluid levels, and recurrent cysts were associated with higher levels of EGF. Unique growth factor profiles were associated with each risk group or clinical state, suggesting that distinct proliferative environments, associated with different clinical outcomes, are present in the breast tissue of women with gross cystic disease.
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Blackshear JL, Pearce LA, Asinger RW, Dittrich HC, Goldman ME, Zabalgoitia M, Rothbart RM, Halperin JL. Mitral regurgitation associated with reduced thromboembolic events in high-risk patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72:840-3. [PMID: 8213525 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)91079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Miller VT, Rothrock JF, Pearce LA, Feinberg WM, Hart RG, Anderson DC. Ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: effect of aspirin according to stroke mechanism. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Neurology 1993; 43:32-6. [PMID: 8423907 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.43.1_part_1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes occurring in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation are due to a variety of mechanisms, not exclusively to cardiogenic embolism. Without knowledge of antithrombotic therapy assignment, we categorized strokes in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study as presumed cardioembolic or noncardioembolic. We then compared patient clinical and echocardiographic variables, as well as the efficacy of aspirin prophylaxis, for each stroke type. Of 71 ischemic strokes, we categorized 46 (65%) as cardioembolic, 13 (18%) as noncardioembolic, and 12 (17%) as of uncertain cause. Patients developing noncardioembolic strokes, relative to cardioembolic strokes, were more commonly men (p = 0.005) and were more likely to have left ventricular wall motion abnormalities by two-dimensional echocardiography (p = 0.002). Aspirin reduced the occurrence of strokes categorized as noncardioembolic significantly more than it did those categorized as cardioembolic (p = 0.01). These results emphasize the value of considering stroke mechanisms in therapeutic trials of antithrombotic agents and suggest a differential effect of aspirin according to mechanism.
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Hart RG, Pearce LA. In vivo antithrombotic effect of aspirin: dose versus nongastrointestinal bleeding. Stroke 1993; 24:138-9. [PMID: 8418539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Hart RG, Pearce LA. In vivo antithrombotic effect of aspirin: dose versus nongastrointestinal bleeding. Stroke 1993. [DOI: 10.1161/str.24.1.138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feinberg WM, Seeger JF, Carmody RF, Anderson DC, Hart RG, Pearce LA. Epidemiologic features of asymptomatic cerebral infarction in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1990; 150:2340-4. [PMID: 2241443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We performed unenhanced computed tomographic scans on 141 asymptomatic patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Thirty-six patients (26%) had hypodense areas consistent with cerebral infarction. The majority of these were small deep infarcts, seen in 29 patients (21%), but 13 patients (9%) had cortical or large deep infarctions. Twelve patients had more than one infarct on computed tomographic scan. Increasing age and increased left atrial diameter were the only clinical features associated with asymptomatic infarction. Patients older than 65 years with a left atrial diameter greater than 5.0 cm (n = 23) had a 52% prevalence of asymptomatic infarction. Patients younger than 65 years with a left atrial diameter less than 5.0 cm (n = 38) had an 11% prevalence of silent infarction. Patients with only one of these risk factors (n = 72) had a 24% prevalence of silent infarction. Infarction was more common in those with chronic (34%) as opposed to intermittent (22%) nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but this difference was not significant. Hypertension, diabetes, duration of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction were not associated with asymptomatic infarction. A history of hypertension was present in only 35% of our patients with small-deep asymptomatic infarction, similar to the percentage in patients without stroke. Asymptomatic cerebral infarction is common in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The association with enlarged left atria and the lack of correlation with major cerebrovascular risk factors suggests a cardioembolic mechanism. Further study is needed to determine the functional and prognostic significance of these strokes.
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Wendel OT, Waterbury LD, Pearce LA. Increase in monoamine concentration in rat brain following melatonin administration. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:1167-8. [PMID: 4435125 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Richards F, Cooper MR, Pearce LA, Cowan RJ, Spurr CL. Familial spinocerebellar degeneration, hemolytic anemia, and glutathione deficiency. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1974; 134:534-7. [PMID: 4852017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pearce LA, Waterbury LD, Green HD. Amantadine hydrochloride: alteration in peripheral circulation. Neurology 1974; 24:46-8. [PMID: 4855664 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.24.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Livedo reticularis and peripheral edema often have been observed in patients receiving amantadine hydrochloride, suggesting alterations in the responsiveness of peripheral vessels. To investigate this possibility, five patients with Parkinson's disease who had either livedo reticularis or peripheral edema while being treated with amantadine (100 mg twice daily) were evaluated before and after the drug was discontinued. Finger and toe temperatures were significantly lower when patients received the drug than when it was discontinued, and plethysmographic studies showed increased flow in the lower limbs in three patients when the drug was stopped. It is concluded that amantadine therapy may be associated with peripheral vasoconstriction in some patients.
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Waterbury LD, Wendel OT, Pearce LA. Drug-induced alterations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol (MHPE) in rat brain. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1973; 8:61-71. [PMID: 4744322 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(73)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Waterbury LD, Pearce LA. Separation and Identification of Neutral and Acidic Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Clin Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/18.3.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a method for obtaining profiles of neutral and acidic substances present in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by gas—liquid chromatography. Metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate and ether are converted to methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. With this technique, acidic metabolites of brain amines, and neutral metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine have been identified in human CSF. Some of these substances have not been reported previously in CSF. Extracted substances are identified on the basis of their methylene-unit values and mass spectral data. Potential use of this method in neurodiagnosis and in delineating drug-induced changes in CSF metabolites is discussed.
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Waterbury LD, Pearce LA. Separation and identification of neutral and acidic metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem 1972; 18:258-62. [PMID: 5020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
Histamine concentration in fetal rat brain is high at 17 days gestation but decreases sharply just before birth. Values subsequently increase to a maximum postnatal concentration 5 to 10 days after birth, and then steadily decline to low adult values by time of weaning. Spermidine follows a pattern similar to that of histamine but with a 24- to 48-hour lag. The developmental pattern for histamine in the central nervous system is different from that for other neural amines. It appears that the marked fetal and neonatal changes in brain histamine correlate best with periods of rapid cell proliferation and growth during brain maturation.
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Janeway R, Ravens JR, Pearce LA, Odor DL, Suzuki K. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy with Lafora inclusion bodies. I. Clinical, genetic, histopathologic, and biochemical aspects. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 1967; 16:565-82. [PMID: 6026066 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1967.00470240003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Odor DL, Janeway R, Pearce LA, Ravens JR. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy with Lafora inclusion bodies. II. Studies of ultrastructure. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 1967; 16:583-94. [PMID: 6026067 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1967.00470240021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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