Nuclear Modification Factor of Neutral Pions in the Forward and Backward Regions in p-Pb Collisions

The nuclear modification factor of neutral pions is measured in proton-lead collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 8.16 TeV with the LHCb detector. The π^{0} production cross section is measured differentially in transverse momentum (p_{T}) for 1.5 Collapse

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Observation of a J/ψΛ Resonance Consistent with a Strange Pentaquark Candidate in B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] Decays

An amplitude analysis of B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] decays is performed using 4400 signal candidates selected on a data sample of pp collisions recorded at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. A narrow resonance in the J/ψΛ system, consistent with a pentaquark candidate with strangeness, is observed with high significance. The mass and the width of this new state are measured to be 4338.2±0.7±0.4  MeV and 7.0±1.2±1.3  MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The spin is determined to be 1/2 and negative parity is preferred. Because of the small Q-value of the reaction, the most precise single measurement of the B^{-} mass to date, 5279.44±0.05±0.07  MeV, is obtained.

[Clinical outcomes of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach assisted with submental mini-incision for early thyroid papillary carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) assisted with submental mini-incision in early thyroid papillary carcinoma. Methods: A total of 63 patients with early papillary thyroid carcinoma (cT1N0M0) were included who underwent TOETVA from December 2019 to May 2021 in Department of Thyroid Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University. There were 4 males and 59 females, aged from 17 to 46 years old. Of those 36 patients received traditional TOETVA as control and 27 patients accepted modified TOETVA assisted with submental mini-incision. The clinical outcomes of patients in two groups were compared. Chi-square test and t test were used in statistical analyses. Results: Compared to control group, modified TOETVA group had the less mean operation time [(146.63±38.62) minutes vs. (167.78±36.71) minutes, t=-2.21, P=0.031], the shorter time required for returning to normal diet after operation [(2.11±0.89) days vs. (2.72±1.16) days, t=-2.28, P=0.026], and the lower probability of mandibular numbness (0 vs. 16.67%, χ²=4.97, P=0.026). There was no significant difference between two groups in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, number of central lymph nodes dissection, and postoperative complications such as gas embolism, postoperative bleeding, postoperative infection, skin burns, subcutaneous effusion and so on(all P>0.05). After 6 months of operation, the thyroid ultrasound of the patients in two groups showed no recurrence, and the patients were satisfied with their surgical incision appearances. Conclusion: Both the modified and traditional TOETVA show similar efficacies for treatments of early thyroid papillary carcinoma, but the modified TOETVA can reduce the operation time and improve the quality of life.

AB0237 CHANGES AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES OF PERIPHERAL REGULATORY T CELLS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), driven by the underlying chronic systemic inflammation [1]. The imbalance of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, especially between T helper (Th) 17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells, can mediate autoimmune inflammatory process, promoting the overproduction of cytokines and abnormal antibodies [2,3]. However, the levels of peripheral Th17 and Treg cells in RA patients with CVD are still unknown.

Objectives

To explore the expression of circulating Th17 and Treg cells in RA patients with CVD and analyze its clinical significance.

Methods

A total of 192 patients with RA and 86 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled from January 2019 to January 2021. The peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocyte subsets of all participants were assessed by flow cytometry. Patients were divided into RA-CVD group (n=72) and RA only group (n=120), and the clinical data were recorded. The statistical differences between two groups were analyzed by independent-samples t test, χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U test, and risk factors of CVD were analyzed using Logistic regression.

Results

① The median age and the percentage of male patients in the RA-CVD group were significantly higher than those in the RA only group. ② The absolute numbers of peripheral Treg cells in the patients with RA only and RA-CVD were all significantly lower than those in HCs [24.94（19.32, 34.12）cells/μl vs. 33.13（24.96, 45.83）cells/μl，Z=-4.135，P＜0.01; 19.13（13.76, 27.34）cells/μl vs. 33.13（24.96, 45.83）cells/μl，Z=-5.354，P＜0.01]. While the numbers of peripheral Th17 cells in two groups of patients were not significantly different with those in HCs. The ratios of Th17/Treg cells in two group patients were higher than those of HCs, but only the difference between RA-CVD patients and HCs were significant [0.40（0.23，0.63）vs. 0.18（0.13，0.29）, Z=-4.696，P＜0.01]. ③ Compared to the RA only patients, the absolute counts of Treg cells in RA-CVD patients were significantly lower [Z=-3.047，P＜0.01], the numbers of Th17 cells were significantly higher [7.48（3.72, 13.63）cells/μl vs. 5.59（3.49，8.91）cells/μl，Z=-1.989，P＜0.05], and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells was significantly higher [0.40（0.23，0.63）vs. 0.23（0.14，0.35），Z=-4.289，P＜0.01]. ④ Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of circulating Treg cells (OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.906-0.968) was a protective factor, while Th17 cells (OR=1.068, 95%CI: 1.020-1.119), elder age (OR=1.039, 95%CI: 1.004-1.076) and hypertension (OR=2.712, 95%CI: 1.254-5.865) were independent risk factors of RA patients complicated with CVD.

Conclusion

It is suggested that the immune imbalance caused by the deficiency of Treg cells may be involved in the occurrence and development of RA complicated with CVD, and to restore Treg numbers and function may be a promising preventive strategies.

References

[1]Hansildaar R, Vedder D, Baniaamam M, et al. Cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Lancet Rheumatol, 2021, 3(1): e58-e70.

[2]Wu R, Li N, Zhao X, et al. Low-dose Interleukin-2: Biology and therapeutic prospects in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev, 2020, 19(10): 102645.

[3]Niu HQ, Yuan C, Yan C, et al. Decreased numbers and sex-based differences of circulating regulatory T cells in patients with seropositive undifferentiated arthritis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 2021, 12: 2040622320986721.

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

POS0319 DISEASE BURDEN OF PRIMARY SJOGREN SYNDROME: A RETROSPECTIVE UNITED STATES CLAIMS DATABASE STUDY

Background

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic and complex systemic autoimmune disease, primarily characterised by inflammation and progressive destruction of the exocrine glands (ie, autoimmune epithelitis) [1].

Objectives

We evaluated disease progression, treatment patterns, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of pSjS patients in the United States (US) to understand the real-world experiences of patients with pSjS.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilised data from US Optum Clinformatics claims between 01 May 2000 and 31 December 2020. The study included pSjS patient cohort and general population cohort, matched (1:1) on age, sex, and index date. Baseline period of 365 days prior to the index date was used for assessment of baseline comorbidities. Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline characteristics, HCRU, and treatment pattern while multivariable models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and risk factors.

Results

Overall, 23,168 patients with pSjS (ICD-9 710.2 Sicca syndrome and ICD-10 M 35.0 Sjogren Syndrome and excluding patients with Rheumatoid arthritis [RA], Systemic sclerosis [SS] and Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] diagnoses codes) were included in the cohort (mean [SD] age: 61.5 [15.3] years; females: 85%). At baseline, 79.4% and 8.2% of pSjS patients had systemic complications and organ-specific autoimmune comorbidities, respectively. In a sub-set of the cohort including patients with at least 5 years of follow-up, by the end of 5 years 96.8% and 16.5% of patients developed systemic complications and organ-specific autoimmune comorbidities, respectively (Table 1). The most frequently occurring organ-specific autoimmune comorbidities over the 5-year follow-up included Graves disease (5.4%), Hashimoto disease (3.7%), and discoid/subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (3.5%). Mortality was reported in 7.4% of the patients during 5-year follow-up. Risk factors associated with higher mortality included systemic complications in renal (HR [95% CI]: 2.29 [2.09–2.52]), cardiovascular (HR [95% CI]: 2.42 [2.19–2.67]), lungs (HR [95% CI]: 3.73 [3.41–4.09]) and haematological domains (HR [95% CI]: 2.83 [2.56–3.13]), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HR [95% CI]: 2.58 [2.12–3.14]), and primary biliary cirrhosis (HR [95% CI]: 2.17 [1.60–2.96]). Corticosteroids (28.2%), hydroxychloroquine (15.7%), and cyclosporine (10.9%) were most frequently used medications. During the year following the first pSjS diagnosis, defined as the first claim with the Sjogren Syndrome ICD code (index date), the mean all-cause healthcare costs have increased by 27% from $21,634 to $27,526 per patient per year.

Table 1.

Occurrence of systemic complications and organ-specific autoimmune comorbidities over follow-up of 5 years

Variable, n (%)Baseline (N=6000)Within 5 years (N=6000)Any systemic complication4,555 (75.9%)5,806 (96.8%)Articular involvement3,176 (52.9%)5,026 (83.8%)Renal involvement352 (5.9%)1,185 (19.8%)Cardiovascular complications342 (5.7%)826 (13.8%)Muscles1,390 (23.2%)2,732 (45.5%)Pancreatic31 (0.5%)88 (1.5%)Lungs373 (6.2%)1,383 (23.1%)Peripheral nervous system766 (12.8%)2,109 (35.2%)Haematological1,016 (16.9%)2,507 (41.8%)Glandular542 (9.0%)2,274 (37.9%)Central nervous system212 (3.5%)556 (9.3%)Biological153 (2.6%)408 (6.8%)Skin517 (8.6%)1,327 (22.1%)Lymphadenopathy374 (6.2%959 (16.0%) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma59 (1.0%)131 (2.2%)Any organ-specific autoimmune disease464 (7.7%)992 (16.5%)

Conclusion

These results provide additional evidence that pSjS is associated with substantial morbidity and clinical burden supporting the need for safe and efficacious disease modifying treatment options in this patient population.

References

[1]Mariette X, Criswell LA. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(10): 931-939.

Acknowledgements

Medical writing and editorial assistance were provided by Sanjeev Kallapari and Chiranjit Ghosh, PhD of Sanofi. This study was funded by Sanofi.

Disclosure of Interests

LAMA KALOUCHE-KHALIL Shareholder of: May hold stock/stock options in Sanofi., Employee of: Employee of Sanofi., Roopali Gandhi Shareholder of: May hold stock/stock options in Sanofi., Employee of: Employee of Sanofi., Lichen Hao Shareholder of: May hold stock/stock options in Sanofi., Employee of: Employee of Sanofi., Ekaterina Smolkina Shareholder of: May hold stock/stock options in Sanofi., Employee of: Employee of Sanofi., Fabienne Schumacher Shareholder of: May hold stock/stock options in Sanofi., Employee of: Employee of Sanofi.

Reduced postprandial bone resorption and greater rise in GLP-1 in overweight and obese individuals after an α-glucosidase inhibitor: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial

When taken with a meal, α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) reduce the rise in postprandial glucose and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and this may lower bone turnover. In this study, a salacinol-type α-GI increased GLP-1 and markedly reduced postprandial bone resorption compared to placebo, suggesting it could have implications for bone health.

INTRODUCTION

Animal and clinical trials indicate that α-glucosidase inhibitors attenuate postprandial glycemic indices and increase secretion of GLP-1. In addition, GLP-1 acts on bone by inhibiting resorption. The goal in this study was to determine if a salacinol α-GI alters postprandial bone turnover and can be explained by changes in serum GLP-1.

METHODS

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, healthy overweight/obese adults (body mass index 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m²; 21-59 years; n = 21) received a fixed breakfast and, in random order, were administered Salacia chinensis (SC; 500 mg) or placebo. A fasting blood sample was taken before and at regular intervals for 3 h after the meal. Serum was measured for bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin, and for glycemic indices and gut peptides.

RESULTS

Compared to placebo, SC attenuated the bone resorption marker, CTX, at 60, 90, and 120 min (p < 0.05) after the meal, and decreased osteocalcin, at 180 min (p < 0.05). As expected, SC attenuated the postprandial rise in glucose compared with placebo, whereas GLP-1 was increased at 60 min (p < 0.05) with SC. Serum GLP-1 explained 41% of the variance for change in postprandial CTX (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study indicates that attenuating postprandial glycemic indices, with an α-GI, markedly decreases postprandial bone resorption and can be explained by the rise in GLP-1. Future studies should determine whether longer term α-GI use benefits bone health.

A higher level of total bile acid in early mid-pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China

PURPOSE

To assess the longitudinal associations between maternal total bile acid (TBA) levels during early mid-pregnancy and the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS

In a prospective cohort study, pregnant women who were enrolled prior to gestational week 16 were followed until delivery. TBA levels were tested during weeks 14-18 of gestation. Using logistic regression, we analyzed the associations between quartiles of TBA and GDM based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks.

RESULTS

The GDM rate was 7.9% (114/1441). The mean TBA level was higher in women with GDM than in those without GDM (2.1 ± 2.0 vs 1.5 ± 1.0 µmol/L, P = 0.000). The highest TBA level quartile (2.1-10.7 µmol/L) had a 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.01, 3.14) increased risk of GDM compared with that of the lowest quartile (0.0-0.8 µmol/L) after adjusting for pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational, age at TBA test and other confounders. High TBA levels were involved in the fasting glucose level rather than that at 1 h and 2 h after OGTT in all participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Pregnant women with higher serum TBA levels during early mid-pregnancy have a higher risk of developing GDM. TBA may be a new risk factor for GDM.

Activation of the STAT1 Pathway Accelerates Periodontitis in Nos3-/- Mice

Early studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension have shown that it has a considerable association with inflammation and the immune response as well as periodontitis. Clinical studies have also shown that hypertension can promote the periodontal tissue destruction caused by periodontitis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of how hypertension aggravates periodontitis. Treatment with or without the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) inhibitor fludarabine was performed in an endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene knockout-related (Nos3^-/-) mouse model with the hypertension phenotype of periodontitis induced by bacteria. Micro-computed tomography, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were performed. We demonstrated that Nos3^-/--related hypertension increases bone resorption and periodontal destruction in periodontitis lesion areas, which can be inhibited by the STAT1 inhibitor. Experimental data also showed that Nos3^-/- significantly increased macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the periodontitis lesion area, which is dependent on the angiotensin II-induced STAT1 pathway. Inhibition of STAT1 in vivo can decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, data in this study showed that Nos3^-/--related hypertension further downregulated the STAT3 anti-inflammatory function and its downstream chemokine expression in a STAT1-dependent manner. By applying RAW 264.7 and L929 cell lines and monocytes isolated from Nos3^-/- mice, we confirmed that activation of the STAT1 pathway inhibits STAT3 and its downstream pathway and promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Collectively, our current study demonstrated that STAT1 plays an indispensable role in the Nos3^-/--related hypertension with aggravation of periodontitis, suggesting that STAT1 may be a key target for the treatment of periodontitis with hypertension.

SAT0183 STATUS OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME AND THEIR CHANGES AFTER RECEIVING OUR NEW IMMUNOREGULATORY COMBINATION THERAPY: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background:

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease mainly involving exocrine glands and involving multiple organs and systems1. Recent studies have reported that peripheral lymphocyte subsets such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory cells (Tregs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pSS2. However, the detailed statuses of lymphocyte subsets of pSS patients remain to be clearly evaluate and effects of immunomodulatory therapies on the lymphocyte subsets are unknown.

Objectives:

To explore the pathogenesis and evaluate the therapeutic effect of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) by comparing the changes of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood (PB) before and after treatment.

Methods:

This study included 1,221 pSS patients and 206 healthy controls (HCs). Among these patient, 759 patients were received our new immunoregulatory therapies such as low-dose interleukin-2, rapamycin, metformin, retinoic acid etc. The absolute numbers of T, B, NK, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs in PB of these subjects were detected by flow cytometry combined with standard absolute counting beads. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation to the distribution. Independent-samples T test and paired-samples T test were applied.Pvalue <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

The absolute numbers of circulating Tregs as well as T, NK cells in pSS patients were significantly lower than those of HCs (P<0.05). After immunoregulatory combination treatments, the number of Tregs was significantly increased (P<0.05). Though the absolute numbers of T, NK, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1, and Th17 cells were also increased to some degree (P<0.05), the increased amount of Tregs was much more than other cells, resulting a new balance between pro- and anti- inflammatory lymphocyte homeostasis.

Conclusion:

The decrease of peripheral Tregs played an important role in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Immunoregulatory combination therapies promoted the increase of Tregs and might help for the recovery of pSS.

References:

[1]Mariette X, Criswell LA. Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2018;378(10):931-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1702514 [published Online First: 2018/03/08]

[2]Miao M, Hao Z, Guo Y, et al. Short-term and low-dose IL-2 therapy restores the Th17/Treg balance in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77(12):1838-40. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213036 [published Online First: 2018/06/25]

Acknowledgments :

None.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

[Synchronous multicentric osteosarcoma: treatment and prognostic factor analysis]

Objective: To identify the clinical outcome and prognostic factors of synchronous multicentric osteosarcoma (SMOS). Methods: The clinical data of 2 602 conventional osteosarcoma patients admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 1995 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Finally, 56 (2.1%) cases were confirmed as SMOS according to clinical and imaging database, medical record and pathological results.All epidemiological data of SMOS cases,initial diagnosis time, tumor site, number of lesions, chemotherapy, surgical treatment, alkline phosphatase (AKP),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and oncological results were collected in our institution. The Survival rate, comparison of various parameters, univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression were performed with statistical software. Results: There were 41 males and 15 females enrolled in this research, the median and mean ages were 15 and 18 years (range, 8-50 years) respectively. All of them were multi-site involved, whereas the initial complaints of sites distribution were 32 cases of femur, 13 cases of tibia, 4 cases of humerus, 3 cases of fibula, 2 cases of spine, 1 case of sternum and 1 case of calcaneus. Forty-four of 56 cases performed adjuvant chemotherapy and 31 of them underwent surgical treatment. The mean follow-up time was 15.4 (range, 1-186) months. Thirty-five cases died of disease at the end of the follow-up. The 5-year survival rate was 10.4%. According to the number of lesions stratification, the 2-year survival rates in patients with low (<5 sites) and high (≥5 sites) tumor load was 33.6% and 0, respectively (χ(2)=6.697, P=0.010). The 2-year survival rate of chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy patients was 20.8% and 0, respectively (χ(2)=6.998, P=0.008), the value of AKP after chemotherapy(median: 272 IU/L) significantly decreased when compared with that at the initial diagnosis (median: 454 U/L) (Z=-3.274, P=0.001).The 2-year survival rate in patients with and without standard chemotherapy was 55.6% and 0, respectively (χ(2)=8.798, P=0.003). The 2-year survival rate was 25.0% in the surgical group and 0 in the non-surgical group, respectively (χ(2)=7.942, P=0.005). Multivariate cox regression analysis with the forward Wald method indicated that standard chemotherapy was the only variable contributor to survival and prognosis of multifocal osteosarcoma. Conclusions: SMOS has low survival rate and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy and surgery can improve the survival rate, standard chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor.

Nitrogen utilisation and metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under different rates of biochar addition and nitrogen input conditions

Biochar (BC) application could improve plant nitrogen (N) utilisation and potentially reduce N fertiliser requirements. However, the fate of N in crop-soil systems and the metabolic responses of crops under conditions of BC co-applied with reduced N are not well understood. The urea-¹⁵ N isotope and pot experiments with three BC rates (0%, 5% and 15%; w/w) combined with three N fertiliser levels (100% N, 85% N and 55% N) were conducted for maize. The metabolome, ¹⁵ N abundance and gene expression in plants were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance, gas isotope mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, respectively. The results showed that recovery of N by maize ranged from 27.4% to 23.6% and decreased as the N application rate decreased (from 100% to 55%) without BC addition, but ranged from 24.6% to 29.4% when BC was added at a rate of 5% and increased as the N application rate decreased. BC addition had major effects on global metabolic profiles and metabolic networks at the metabolomics level as well as on the expression of related genes (zmGS1and zmAS1) and the content of mineral N (NO₃ ^- , NO₂ ^- and NH₄ ⁺ ) in maize seedlings; moreover, the interaction effects of the BC application rates and N fertiliser levels were evident (P ≤ 0.001). BC addition induced a decrease in the flux toward sugar hydrolysis and maintained homeostasis in the amino acid pool, which was perturbed by reduced N levels; after which the maize plants adapted to the reduced N condition, and the N recovery efficiency ultimately improved with reduced N loss.

[Comparison and analysis of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma patients detected by 4-color and 8-color fluorescence antibody panels]

目的

探讨与比较4色和8色荧光抗体组合检测多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者治疗后微小残留病（MRD）的灵敏度。

方法

建立一组以CD38/CD138对浆细胞进行设门，同时检测胞膜抗原CD45、CD19、CD56、CD117及胞质轻链cKappa、cLambda的8色抗体组合；6组4色抗体组合中，4组以CD38/CD138设门，分别分析CD45/CD19、CD56/CD117、CD19/CD56胞膜抗原（M1-3）和胞质轻链（C组）表达；MC1-2组分别以CD38/SSC和CD138/SSC设门，同时检测CD19或CD45胞膜抗原和胞质轻链。采用以上组合对20名健康志愿者和73例完全缓解后MM患者标本进行检测并进行比较分析。

结果

8色组合识别异常浆细胞（aPCs）和克隆性浆细胞（cPCs）的阳性率均为82.19%，一致率为89.04%（65/73）；cPCs中位比例为0.105%，均显示明显的单克隆轻链；敏感度为0.004%。CD38/SSC设门的浆细胞比例明显高于CD38/CD138（P<0.001）和CD138/SSC（P=0.001）设门。4色组合中C-_胞质组MRD阳性率最低，仅为65.75%，明显低于8色组合的82.19%（P=0.024）；M2-_56/117组检测的aPCs比例最低，为0.095%，与其他组相比差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）；MC1-_CD38和MC2-_CD138组，以cPCs作为判断标准时MRD阳性率均高于以aPCs为判断标准（P<0.05），结果一致率分别为68.49%（50/73）和79.45%（58/73）。与8色组合相比，4色组合中MC2-_CD138组敏感性、准确性和阴性预测值最高，阳性预测值和特异性也较高；其次是M1-_45/19组。

结论

CD38/CD138设门更准确，反映克隆性的胞质轻链检测较胞膜抗原更敏感，胞膜抗原异常表达并不完全代表为cPCs，建议胞膜抗原和胞质轻链同时检测。有条件者建议选用8色组合，4色组合中建议同时采用M1-_45/19和MC2-_CD138组合。

[Surgical treatment of giant cell tumors with pathological fracture around the knee]

Objective: To compare the local recurrent rate, the persistence of reconstruction and functional recovery of Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) after the treatments of extensive curettage or resection. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on the clinical data of 50 patients who had giant cell tumor with pathological tracture around the knee treated in our hospital from January 2001 to July 2014. There were 30 males and 20 females. The average age was 33.7 years respectively (range, 17 to 71 years). The fracture localizations of 45 cases were distal femur and of 5 cases were proximal tibia. According to AO fracture classification, 3 cases were in type A, 36 cases in type B and 11 cases in type C. In Campanicci system for image grading study, 5 cases were in grade Ⅱ and 45 cases in grade Ⅲ. Surgical treatment included 20 cases of extensive curettage and 30 cases of resection. The surgical reconstructive methods included 16 cases of cement reconstruction with internal fixation, 5 cases of unicompartmental arthroplasty with allograft, 1 case of segment osteoarticular allograft transplantation and 28 cases of prosthesis replacement. Final statistical analysis of surgery and therapeutic effect were carried out by SPSS, version 16.0 for Windows. Enrolling parameters collected gender, age, location, fracture type, surgical treatment, surgical margin, reconstruction, complications, local recurrence (LR) and functional evaluation. Categorical data were described by result frequencies.The comparison of the rate was performed by chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Between the two groups compared using independent t-test. The recurrence-free survival was estimated by the method of Kaplan-Meier. Results: The mean postoperative follow-up time was 66.9 months (range, 24-149 months). Four patients developed local recurrence (4/50, 8.0%)including 3 cases of curettage group (3/20, 15.0%)and 1 case of resection group (1/30, 3.3%), there was no significant difference between curettage and resection group (P=0.289). The comparison of local recurrence between this curettage group (3/20, 15.0%) and the GCT group without fracture published before(10/116, 8.6%) in our institution also had no significant difference (P=0.407). There was no significant difference among the three types of fracture regarding the rate of local recurrence (P=0.160), but there was significant difference in the choice of surgical procedures for different fracture types (P=0.006). The complications: 2 patients (2/20, 10.0%)had joint degeneration in curettage group. 15 cases (15/30, 50.0%) had complications in resection group, 1 case of unicompartmental arthroplasty allograft absorption, 2 cases of infection and 12 cases of aseptic loosening after prosthesis replacement (including 1 case with periprosthetic fracture and 1 case with prosthesis fracture). The postoperative complications in curettage group had a significant reduction (P=0.005) when compared with the resection group. The mean score of functional evaluation with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) for curettage and resection group were (93.5±6.5)% and (82.6±12.9)% (F=4.838, P=0.033). Conclusions: (1) Extensive curettage did not increase the risk of local recurrence of giant cell tumor with pathological fracture around the knee. (2)The different fracture type had no effect on the local recurrence rate, but affect the decision of surgical procedures options. (3)The reconstructive complications in resection group was significant higher than curettage group, and the postoperative function of curettage group was better than resection group.

Circulating zearalenone and its metabolites differ in women due to body mass index and food intake

The environmental estrogen, zearalenone (ZEA), is found in the food supply from Fusarium fungal contamination in grains and sometimes used as a growth promoter for beef cattle. Long-term exposure to ZEA and its metabolites may present health risk due to higher estrogenic activity. Serum ZEA metabolites were measured to determine the exposure and the association with food intake in 48 overweight/obese women (52 ± 9 years). The free and conjugated ZEA indicated the highest detection rate of all the metabolites. Conjugated ZEA and total ZEA metabolites were lower (p = 0.02) in overweight/obese than normal weight women, and free metabolites were either the same or showed a trend to be higher. In addition, those with highest (280-480 g/d) compared those with lowest (<115 g/d) meat consumption had higher conjugated serum ZEA metabolite concentrations (p < 0.05). Intakes of other food groups (i.e., dairy, cereal, etc.) were not associated with ZEA metabolites. These findings indicate that ZEA and its metabolites are detectable in nearly all women and concentrations are associated with greater meat intake, and influenced by body mass index. Determining how the food supply influences human concentrations of ZEA metabolites is warranted, as well as determining vulnerable populations.

Novel insights on new particle formation derived from a pan-european observing system

The formation of new atmospheric particles involves an initial step forming stable clusters less than a nanometre in size (<~1 nm), followed by growth into quasi-stable aerosol particles a few nanometres (~1–10 nm) and larger (>~10 nm). Although at times, the same species can be responsible for both processes, it is thought that more generally each step comprises differing chemical contributors. Here, we present a novel analysis of measurements from a unique multi-station ground-based observing system which reveals new insights into continental-scale patterns associated with new particle formation. Statistical cluster analysis of this unique 2-year multi-station dataset comprising size distribution and chemical composition reveals that across Europe, there are different major seasonal trends depending on geographical location, concomitant with diversity in nucleating species while it seems that the growth phase is dominated by organic aerosol formation. The diversity and seasonality of these events requires an advanced observing system to elucidate the key processes and species driving particle formation, along with detecting continental scale changes in aerosol formation into the future.

Reducing CXCR4 Resulted in Impairing Proliferation and Promoting Aging

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating aging related neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a natural physiological process, a progressive deterioration of the overall homeostatic brain mechanisms, accompanied by cognitive decline. CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine signaling plays a critical role in modulating various nervous system developmental processes and in regulating synaptic plasticity.

RESULTS

In this article, we have firstly shown that CXCR4 is critical for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cell model. Moreover, it has been firstly demonstrated that CXCR4 colocalized with AKT on the membrane and regulated the AKT activation to prevent aging and AD.

DISCUSSION

In a word, we supply a novel pathway that CXCR4 pathway stimulated by CXCL12 regulated AKT activation, CREB phosphorylation and P53 level to affect the process of aging and AD. Therefore, CXCR4 may be a novel target and biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of AD and aging.

Electron Shock Ignition of Inertial Fusion Targets

It is shown that inertial confinement fusion targets designed with low implosion velocities can be shock-ignited using laser-plasma interaction generated hot electrons (hot-e's) to obtain high energy gains. These designs are robust to multimode asymmetries and are predicted to ignite even for significantly distorted implosions. Electron shock ignition requires tens of kilojoules of hot-e's which can be produced only at a large laser facility like the National Ignition Facility, with the laser-to-hot-e conversion efficiency greater than 10% at laser intensities ∼10^{16}  W/cm^{2}.

Graphene gas sensing using a non-contact microwave method

We report a non-contact CVD graphene gas sensing method that utilises a high Q microwave dielectric resonator perturbation technique. A graphene sample is coupled to the evanescent field of a dielectric resonator whereupon nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), a p-doping gas, is detected by monitoring the change in the linewidth and frequency of the resonant mode. The resonant peak shape is dependent on the number of carriers in the graphene sheet. Therefore, the linewidth perturbation can be converted to a measurement of the graphene sheet resistance. To demonstrate the strength of this technique, sensor response curves for NO₂ at different concentrations and temperatures are measured showing sub ppm sensitivity. This technique eliminates interactions between the trace gas and metal contacts that otherwise effect the sensor response of the graphene device.