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Brand TS, Tesselaar GA, Hoffman LC, Brand Z. The effect of different dietary vitamin and mineral levels on certain production parameters, including egg shell characteristics of breeding ostriches. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies on breeding birds indicated no effect of dietary energy-content on feed intake. This observation is contradictory to results for other animals and/or poultry where feed intake decreases with an increase in dietary energy level. Literature revealed that a lack of certain nutrients may cause animals to consume more feed than necessary to satisfy their nutrient requirements for these limiting nutrients. In this study eight diet groups were evaluated. A standard commercial diet plus one of the following supplements: (i) Standard diet without a vitamin and mineral premix pack (control diet), (ii) with a normal premix pack, (iii) with normal vitamin and 2 x trace elements (M x 2), (iv) with normal trace elements and 2 x vitamins, (v) with a normal premix pack and limestone added as calcium source; (vi) with a normal premix pack and monocalcium phosphate added as phosphorus source, (vii) with a normal premix pack and soybean oilcake added as crude protein source, (viii) with a normal premix pack and linseed added as a fatty acid source. Significant differences were recorded in the quantity of feed ingested by birds between the diet with surplus minerals (M x 2) (Group 3) (2.3 ± 0.3 kg/bird/day), the diet with no vitamins and minerals added (Group 1) (2.7 ± 0.3 kg/bird/day) and the diet with added fatty acids in the form of linseed (Group 5) (2.9 ± 0.5 kg/bird/day). This indicates the possibility that ostriches may adjust feed intake to satisfy their mineral requirements. No statistically significant relationship was found between the thickness and strength of the shell. Significant differences in shell strength (mean value of 154.7, 109.9, 140.4, 142.7, 153.0, 143.4, 138.4 and 151.1 N/cm2, respectively) were found between all treatments, but no specific pattern could be identified. Results further revealed no effect of dietary treatment on egg production, dead-in-shell eggs (DIS), infertile eggs or chick production. Further experiments that include certain dietary treatments during the five months rest period are currently being done to quantify the effect of the addition of minerals and vitamins during this period on the production of breeding ostriches.Keywords: Eggshell strength; feed intake, minerals, vitamins
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Brand TS, Carstens PD, Hoffman LC. The effect of dietary energy concentrations on production variables of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus var. domesticus). Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:610-8. [PMID: 25266635 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.956286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different dietary energy concentrations on ostrich production variables were examined in two separate trials. The first trial tracked changes in production variables from the pre-starter phase through the starter phase and grower phase. The second trial was based on the finisher phase per se. In both trials, the influence of dietary energy on feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and growth variables was investigated. Additionally, basic abattoir weights were recorded, and measurements of the feathers and skin were performed. In both trials, three diets with different concentrations of dietary energy were given during each phase where the low-, medium- and high-energy concentrations for each phase were as follows: 13.5, 14.5 and 15.5 MJ ME/kg feed pre-starter; 12.5, 13.5 and 14.5 MJ ME/kg feed starter; 10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 MJ ME/kg feed grower and 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 MJ ME/kg feed finisher. Feed and water were available ad libitum in both trials. Overall, it was found that the best performance for growth, FCR, skin size and grade, live weight, carcass weight and thigh weight were obtained on the medium-energy diet during the pre-starter, starter and grower phases. During the finisher phase, improved growth rate and tanned skin size was found in birds given the diet with the highest energy concentration (11.5 MJ ME/kg feed). Carcass weight, growth rate and certain feather variables were also significantly influenced by gender.
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Nkukwana TT, Muchenje V, Masika PJ, Hoffman LC, Dzama K. The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carstens PD, Sharifi AR, Brand TS, Hoffman LC. The growth response of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks fed on diets with three different dietary protein and amino acid concentrations. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:510-7. [PMID: 25132424 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.933772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Feeding costs are the largest expense in an ostrich production system, and protein is one of the more expensive components of the diet. This study evaluated the growth response of ostrich chicks on diets containing different concentrations of protein (amino acids). The diets were formulated to contain three concentrations of protein (one diet with 20% less protein than the conventional concentration, L; one diet with the conventional concentration of protein, M and one diet with 20% more protein than the conventional concentration, H) for each of the phase diets. The phase diets were pre-starter, starter, grower and finisher. 2. This study includes the analysis of ostrich body weight (BW) by modelling growth with linear polynomial and non-linear functions for all the data not separated for treatments. In total, 3378 BW recordings of 90 animals were collected weekly from hatch (d 0) to 287 d (41 weeks) of age. 3. Seven non-linear growth models and three linear polynomial models were fitted to the data. The growth functions were compared by using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). For the non-linear models, the Bridges and Janoschek models had the lowest AIC values for the H treatment, while the Richards curve had the lowest value for M and the von Bertalanffy for the L treatment. 4. For the linear polynomial models, the linear polynomial of the third degree had the lowest AIC values for all three treatments, thus making it the most suitable model for the data; therefore, the predictions of this model were used to interpret the growth data. Significant differences were found between treatments for growth data. 5. The results from this study can aid in describing the growth of ostriches subjected to optimum feeding conditions. This information can also be used in research when modelling the nutrient requirements of growing birds.
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Brand TS, Genis MP, Hoffman LC, Van de Vyver WFJ, Swart R, Jordaan GF. The effect of dietary energy and the inclusion of a β-adrenergic agonist in the diet on the meat quality of feedlot lambs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cloete JJE, Cloete SWP, Scholtz AJ, Hoffman LC. Behaviour response of Namaqua Afrikaner, Dorper and South African Mutton Merino lambs towards humans. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wapi C, Nkukwana TT, Hoffman LC, Dzama K, Pieterse E, Mabusela T, Muchenje V. Physico-chemical shelf-life indicators of meat from broilers given Moringa oleifera leaf meal. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Burger A, Hoffman LC, Cloete JJE, Muller M, Cloete SWP. Carcass composition of Namaqua Afrikaner, Dorper and SA Mutton Merino ram lambs reared under extensive conditions. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nkukwana TT, Muchenje V, Masika PJ, Hoffman LC, Dzama K, Descalzo AM. Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of breast meat from broiler chickens supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal over a period of refrigeration. Food Chem 2013; 142:255-61. [PMID: 24001839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of diets supplemented with or without Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat during refrigerated storage was determined. Dietary treatments (T) were as follows: T1, positive control, 668g/ton Salinomycin and 500g/ton Albac; T2, T3 and T4 contained graded levels of MOLM at 1%, 3% and 5% of dry matter (DM) intake, respectively; and T5, a negative control (0% additives). Oxidative stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on day (D) 1-8 of storage at 4°C; and FA analysis was done on samples obtained on D1 and D8. Significant effects on TBARS were noted on day (D) 1, 3, 4 and 7; increased with increasing storage time, and with increase in MOLM supplementation. Highest (P<0.05) C18:0 and C15:0 levels were noted on D1 in T2; C20:0 in T4 on D8; C20:2, C20:3n6 and C22:6n3 in T2; C18:3n6 and P/S ratio in T4 on D1; and n-3 in T3. Thus, despite the high SFA content, additive supplementation of M. oleifera leaf meal up to 5% of the bird's DMI improved the FA profile and reduced lipid oxidation in broiler breast meat.
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Hoffman LC, Muller M, Cloete SWP, Schmidt D. Comparison of six crossbred lamb types: sensory, physical and nutritional meat quality characteristics. Meat Sci 2013; 65:1265-74. [PMID: 22063769 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2002] [Accepted: 12/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of crossbreeding on lamb meat quality was examined on the M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus of South African lamb breed combinations. The lambs were sired by Dormer (D) and Suffolk (S) rams and born to Merino (M), Dohne Merino (DM) and SA Mutton Merino (SAMM) ewes to give six breed combinations. Ratings of sensory attributes on the M. semimembranosus of the different lamb breed combinations were obtained from a trained descriptive panel. The moisture, total lipids, protein, ash, mineral content and fatty acid composition of the M. semimembranosus were also obtained. Physical parameters measured on the M. longissimus dorsi were: pH(48), drip loss, cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS). Breed did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the sensory quality of lamb, except for D×SAMM lambs which only showed a significantly higher (P⩽0.05) initial juiciness compared to S×M. However, breed had a significant effect on pH(48), WBS, protein content and the fatty acid and mineral composition.
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Dalle Zotte A, Brand TS, Hoffman LC, Schoon K, Cullere M, Swart R. Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition. Meat Sci 2013; 93:194-200. [PMID: 22998999 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of replacing dietary soybean oilcake meal with increasing levels of cottonseed oilcake meal (CSOCM) on the growth performance and meat (Iliofibularis muscle) chemical composition of ostriches in order to decrease total feed costs. A total of 105 ostriches were divided into five feeding groups according to the CSOCM inclusion level in the whole diet: Control (0% CSOCM), 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CSOCM (of the whole diet), and fed with experimental diets from 6 to 13 months of age. As a result of feeding CSOCM, the final live weight and the average daily gain significantly increased in the 12% CSOCM group. The proximate composition, cholesterol content, mineral and fatty acid profile of the meat remained unaffected. Thus CSOCM may be used as an alternative protein source to the more expensive soybean oilcake meal in ostrich nutrition.
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Hoffman LC, Vermaak A, Muller N. Physical and chemical properties of selected beef muscles infused with a phosphate and lactate blend. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hoffman LC, Laubscher LL, Leisegang K. Nutritional value of cooked offal derived from free-range rams reared in South Africa. Meat Sci 2012; 93:696-702. [PMID: 23246895 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional value of Dorper (n=10) and Merino (n=10) by-products were evaluated. Proximate composition differed between organs and breeds with Merino heart (68.9 g/100 g), spleen (77.2 g/100 g) and testicles (83.7 g/100 g) having higher moisture contents than their Dorper counterparts. Dorper brain (10.1 g/100 g), heart (15.2 g/100 g), spleen (20.4 g/100 g) and testicles (12.9 g/100 g) had higher protein contents than Merino. Dorper organs also tended to have a lower fat content. Amino acid and fatty acid profiles differed between organs and breeds. Few differences were noted in total SFA and MUFA. Dorper heart (1.8%) had significantly lower total PUFA than Merino heart (7.3%). All the organs showed favourable P:S ratios, with the exception of the tongue, heart and stomach. Dorper and Merino brain, lungs and testicles had favourable n-6/n-3 ratios. Cholesterol content differed between both organs and breeds. The value of offal as food is discussed further.
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Viljoen M, Hoffman LC, Brand TS. Prediction of the chemical composition of freeze dried ostrich meat with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Meat Sci 2012; 69:255-61. [PMID: 22062816 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2003] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the chemical composition of freeze-dried ostrich meat samples. Tenderloin (M. ambiens), big drum (M. iliofibularis) and fan fillet (M. gastrocnemius) samples (n=160) were included in the study. Samples were minced, freeze-dried and analysed according to standard laboratory procedures for ash, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and fat content. Samples were scanned (1100-2500 nm) and partial least-square regression (PLSR) was used to predict the chemical composition. Multiple correlation coefficients (r) and standard errors of calibration (SEC) for the chemical analysis of freeze-dried ostrich meat were: ash (0.72; 0.29%); DM (0.72; 1.01%); CP (0.98; 0.55%); and fat (0.99; 0.29%). The r values for the validation set and the standard error of performance (SEP) for the different constituents were: ash (0.71; 0.23%); DM (0.84; 0.72%); CP (0.97; 0.64%); and fat (0.99; 0.18%). Calibrations were accurate for CP and fat.
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Hoffman LC, Fisher P. Comparison of meat quality characteristics between young and old ostriches. Meat Sci 2012; 59:335-7. [PMID: 22062788 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1999] [Revised: 02/22/2000] [Accepted: 02/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of CIELAB colour values of the m. iliofibularis derived from 14 month old and 8 year old ostriches have indicated that an increase in age is accompanied with a significant (P<0.001) reduction in reflectance (L*) and a signiffcant increase in both a* (P<0.001) and b* (P<0.05) values, the meat thus becoming darker and redder with increased age. Comparison with results found in scientific literature suggest that, similar to other species, toughness also increases with age. Warner Bratzler values of the older ostriches were also higher than published results of 14 month old birds (4.44 kg/1.27 cm dia vs. 5.26 kg/1.27 cm dia). Intramuscular fatty acid composition and content of the older ostriches did not suggest any large variations compared with published results for younger (14 month old) ostriches.
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Fisher P, Hoffman LC, Mellett FD. Processing and nutritional characteristics of value added ostrich products. Meat Sci 2012; 55:251-4. [PMID: 22061092 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/1999] [Revised: 10/04/1999] [Accepted: 10/10/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two types of processed products, chopped hams (0.15% and 0.30% phosphate on final yield) and viennas (27 and 32% fat extension) were manufactured from ostrich fan fillets (M. iliofibularis) to determine the suitability of ostrich meat for processing purposes. Cooking losses differed significantly (P<0.10) between the two types of ham-like products (0.15% phosphate=1.59 and 0.30% phosphate=0.78%), indicating that an increase in phosphate addition reduced cooking loss. Cooking losses did not differ (P>0.10) between the two types of ostrich viennas. Colour evaluation (L (∗),a (∗),b (∗)) of the fresh ostrich meat and processed ostrich products (chopped hams and viennas) indicated significant differences between the different types of viennas. Chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein and fat content) of the ostrich meat, processed ostrich products and similar types of commercially available products suggested that processed ostrich products can be formulated to compete successfully with similar types of products derived from other meat species.
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Brand TS, Squizzato D, Hoffman LC, Dalle Zotte A. Preliminary results on the effect of the inclusion of cottonseed oilcake meal on the feed intake and growth of slaughter ostriches ( Struthio camelus var. domesticus). S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brand TS, Kritzinger WJ, Hoffman LC, Gous RM. A description of body growth and composition of South African Black ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) under free-choice feeding conditions. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Magwedere K, Shilangale R, Mbulu RS, Hemberger Y, Hoffman LC, Dziva F. Microbiological quality and potential public health risks of export meat from springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in Namibia. Meat Sci 2012; 93:73-8. [PMID: 22944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the microbiological quality and safety of export game meat; i) a total of 80 pooled meat samples for aerobic plate count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae ii) water used in harvesting and processing for microbiological quality and iii) meat and rectal contents for Salmonella spp. and Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. No differences (p>0.05) in the APCs were observed between the years, but the mean Enterobacteriaceae count for 2009 was 1.33 ± 0.69 log(10)cfu/cm(2) compared to 2.93 ± 1.50 log(10)cfu/cm(2) for 2010. Insignificant Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) levels were detected in 9/23 field water samples, while fecal bacterial (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and enterococci) were absent in all samples. No Salmonella spp. was isolated and all E. coli isolates from meat were negative for STEC virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA), suggesting a negligible role by springbok in the epidemiology of STEC and Salmonella.
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Hoffman LC, Brand MM, Cloete SWP, Muller M. The fatty acid composition of muscles and fat depots of ostriches as influenced by genotype. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Magwedere K, Bishi A, Tjipura-Zaire G, Eberle G, Hemberger Y, Hoffman LC, Dziva F. Brucellae through the food chain: the role of sheep, goats and springbok (Antidorcus marsupialis) as sources of human infections in Namibia. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2012; 82:205-12. [PMID: 22616433 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v82i4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A confirmed case of human brucellosis motivated an investigation into the potential source of infection in Namibia. Since domestic animals are principal sources of Brucella infection in humans, 1692 serum samples were screened from sheep, goats and cattle from 4 presumably at-risk farms and 900 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples from 29 mixed farming units for Brucella antibodies by the Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and positive cases confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). To assess the prevalence of human brucellosis, 137 abattoir employees were tested for Brucella antibodies using the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle and sheep from all 4 farms were negative by RBT and CFT but 2 of the 4 farms (Ba and C) had 26/42 and 12/285 seropositive goats, respectively. Post mortem examination of seropositive goats revealed no gross pathological lesions typical of brucellosis except enlarged mesenteric and iliac lymph nodes seen in a single buck. Culture for brucellae from organs of seropositive animals was negative. None of the wildlife sera tested positive by either RBT or CFT. Interviews revealed that besides the case that prompted the investigation, a family and another person from other farms with confirmed brucellosis shared a common history of consumption of unpasteurised goat milk, home-made goat cheese and coffee with raw milk and prior contact with goats, suggesting goats as the likely source of infection. All 137 abattoir employees tested negative by STAT, but 3 were positive by ELISA. The 3 abattoir workers were clinically normal and lacked historical connections with clinical cases. Although goats are often associated with B. melitensis, these studies could not explicitly implicate this species owing to cross-reactivity with B. abortus, which can also infect goats. Nevertheless, these data reinforce the need for a better National Control Programme for brucellosis in Namibia.
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Cloete JJE, Hoffman LC, Cloete SWP. A comparison between slaughter traits and meat quality of various sheep breeds: wool, dual-purpose and mutton. Meat Sci 2012; 91:318-24. [PMID: 22391055 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The slaughter and meat quality traits of 20-month-old wool (Merino), dual-purpose (Dohne Merino and South African Mutton Merino [SAMM]) and mutton (Dormer) type sheep were compared. Average live weights of SAMM and Dormer sheep were 23% heavier than those of Dohne Merinos which were 28% heavier than Merinos. Fat depths at the thirteenth rib and lumbar regions of Merino and Dohne Merino sheep were lower than those of SAMM and Dormer sheep. The cooking loss, drip loss and shearing value from the M. longissimus dorsi did not differ between breeds. The initial juiciness and sustained juiciness of meat from Merinos were rated significantly lower by sensory analysis. Meat from Dohne Merino was rated significantly more tender for the attribute first bite. It was demonstrated that Dormer and SAMM sheep had heavier but fatter carcasses than Merinos and Dohne Merinos, with differences in meat quality between breeds.
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Hoffman LC, Britz TJ, Schnetler DC. Prevalent organisms on ostrich carcasses found in a commercial abattoir. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2011; 81:151-5. [PMID: 21247040 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v81i3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent microbial growth on carcasses before and after overnight cooling in an ostrich abattoir and de-boning plant was investigated. The effect of warm or cold trimming of the carcasses was examined together with possible causes of contamination along the processing line. An attempt was made to link the prevalent microorganisms that were identified from carcasses to those from specific external contamination sources. Samples of carcasses and possible contaminants were collected in the plant, plated out and selected organisms were typed using a commercial rapid identification system. It was indicated that the cold trim (mainly of bruises) of carcasses was advantageous in terms of microbiological meat quality. Results indicated pooled water in the abattoir as the most hazardous vector for carcass contamination and that contaminants from this source are mostly Gram-negative pathogens. Pseudomonas and Shigella were frequently isolated from surface and air samples and indicated that the control of total plant hygiene is a requirement for producing ostrich meat that is safe to consume and has an acceptable shelf-life.
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Botha S, Van Schalkwyk SJ, Cloete SWP, Hoffman LC. Effect of bleeding method and low voltage electrical stimulation on meat quality of ostriches. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i3.49154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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