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Yang HP, Cook LS, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Anderson KE, Cai H, Cerhan JR, Clendenen TV, Felix AS, Friedenreich CM, Garcia-Closas M, Goodman MT, Liang X, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, McCann SE, Moysich KB, Olson SH, Petruzella S, Pike MC, Polidoro S, Ricceri F, Risch HA, Sacerdote C, Setiawan VW, Shu XO, Spurdle AB, Trabert B, Webb PM, Wentzensen N, Xiang YB, Xu Y, Yu H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Brinton LA. Infertility and incident endometrial cancer risk: a pooled analysis from the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium (E2C2). Br J Cancer 2015; 112:925-33. [PMID: 25688738 PMCID: PMC4453954 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nulliparity is an endometrial cancer risk factor, but whether or not this association is due to infertility is unclear. Although there are many underlying infertility causes, few studies have assessed risk relations by specific causes. METHODS We conducted a pooled analysis of 8153 cases and 11 713 controls from 2 cohort and 12 case-control studies. All studies provided self-reported infertility and its causes, except for one study that relied on data from national registries. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Nulliparous women had an elevated endometrial cancer risk compared with parous women, even after adjusting for infertility (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.59-1.94). Women who reported infertility had an increased risk compared with those without infertility concerns, even after adjusting for nulliparity (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.13-1.33). Among women who reported infertility, none of the individual infertility causes were substantially related to endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS Based on mainly self-reported infertility data that used study-specific definitions of infertility, nulliparity and infertility appeared to independently contribute to endometrial cancer risk. Understanding residual endometrial cancer risk related to infertility, its causes and its treatments may benefit from large studies involving detailed data on various infertility parameters.
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Morgans AK, Fan KH, Koyama T, Albertsen PC, Goodman M, Hamilton AS, Hoffman RM, Stanford JL, Stroup AM, Penson DF. Bone complications among prostate cancer survivors: long-term follow-up from the prostate cancer outcomes study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:338-42. [PMID: 25134939 PMCID: PMC4227957 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the relationship between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) exposure and self-reported bone complications among men in a population-based cohort of prostate cancer survivors followed for 15 years after diagnosis. METHODS The Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study enrolled 3533 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1994 and 1995. This analysis included participants with non-metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis who completed 15-year follow-up surveys to report development of fracture, and use of bone-related medications. The relationship between ADT duration and bone complications was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 961 surviving men, 157 (16.3%) received prolonged ADT (>1 year), 120 (12.5%) received short-term ADT (⩽ 1 year) and 684 (71.2%) did not receive ADT. Men receiving prolonged ADT had higher odds of fracture (OR 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-5.7), bone mineral density testing (OR 5.9; 95% CI: 3.0-12) and bone medication use (OR 4.3; 95% CI: 2.3-8.0) than untreated men. Men receiving short-term ADT reported rates of fracture similar to untreated men. Half of men treated with prolonged ADT reported bone medication use. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based cohort study with long-term follow-up, prolonged ADT use was associated with substantial risks of fracture, whereas short-term use was not. This information should be considered when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of ADT in men with prostate cancer.
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Smith R, Thompson H, Goodman M. PP11 An audit of match day injuries in a semi-professional rugby union team. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094245.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Engels EA, Castenson D, Pfeiffer RM, Kahn A, Pawlish K, Goodman MT, Nalesnik MA, Israni AK, Snyder J, Kasiske B. Cancers among US organ donors: a comparison of transplant and cancer registry diagnoses. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1376-82. [PMID: 24712385 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of cancer is a life-threatening complication of transplantation. Monitoring transplantation practice requires complete recording of donor cancers. The US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) captures cancers in deceased donors (beginning in 1994) and living donors (2004). We linked the SRTR (52,599 donors, 110,762 transplants) with state cancer registries. Cancer registries identified cancers in 519 donors: 373 deceased donors (0.9%) and 146 living donors (1.2%). Among deceased donors, 50.7% of cancers were brain tumors. Among living donors, 54.0% were diagnosed after donation; most were cancers common in the general population (e.g. breast, prostate). There were 1063 deceased donors with cancer diagnosed in the SRTR or cancer registry, and the SRTR lacked a cancer diagnosis for 107 (10.1%) of these. There were 103 living donors with cancer before or at donation, diagnosed in the SRTR or cancer registry, and the SRTR did not have a cancer diagnosis for 43 (41.7%) of these. The SRTR does not record cancers after donation in living donors and so missed 81 cancers documented in cancer registries. In conclusion, donor cancers are uncommon, but lack of documentation of some cases highlights a need for improved ascertainment and reporting by organ procurement organizations and transplant programs.
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Madeleine MM, Finch JL, Lynch CF, Goodman MT, Engels EA. HPV-related cancers after solid organ transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:3202-9. [PMID: 24119294 PMCID: PMC4049182 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transplant recipients have elevated cancer risk including risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vagina, vulva and oropharynx. We examined the incidence of HPV-related cancers in 187 649 US recipients in the Transplant Cancer Match Study. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared incidence rates to the general population, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared rates across transplant subgroups. We observed elevated incidence of HPV-related cancers (SIRs: in situ 3.3-20.3, invasive 2.2-7.3), except for invasive cervical cancer (SIR 1.0). Incidence increased with time since transplant for vulvar, anal and penile cancers (IRRs 2.1-4.6 for 5+ vs. <2 years). Immunophenotype, characterized by decreased incidence with HLA DRB1:13 and increased incidence with B:44, contributed to susceptibility at several sites. Use of specific immunosuppressive medications was variably associated with incidence; for example, tacrolimus, was associated with reduced incidence for some anogenital cancers (IRRs 0.4-0.7) but increased incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (IRR 2.1). Thus, specific features associated with recipient characteristics, transplanted organs and medications are associated with incidence of HPV-related cancers after transplant. The absence of increased incidence of invasive cervical cancer highlights the success of cervical screening in this population and suggests a need for screening for other HPV-related cancers.
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Goodman M, Jacobsberg LB, Choi NS. The Mechanism of “Active Monomer” Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides. Temperature Effects and the Significance of the Proton-Transfer Reaction. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mavros P, Goodman M, Unni S, Brixner D. Assessment of hypertension prevalence and control in patients with chronic kidney disease: evidence from clinical practice data in US. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Turaga K, Levine E, Barone R, Sticca R, Petrelli N, Lambert L, Nash G, Morse M, Adbel-Misih R, Alexander HR, Attiyeh F, Bartlett D, Bastidas A, Blazer T, Chu Q, Chung K, Dominguez-Parra L, Espat NJ, Foster J, Fournier K, Garcia R, Goodman M, Hanna N, Harrison L, Hoefer R, Holtzman M, Kane J, Labow D, Li B, Lowy A, Mansfield P, Ong E, Pameijer C, Pingpank J, Quinones M, Royal R, Salti G, Sardi A, Shen P, Skitzki J, Spellman J, Stewart J, Esquivel J. Consensus guidelines from The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies on standardizing the delivery of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer patients in the United States. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:1501-5. [PMID: 23793364 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (ASPSM) is a consortium of cancer centers performing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This is a position paper from the ASPSM on the standardization of the delivery of HIPEC. METHODS A survey was conducted of all cancer centers performing HIPEC in the United States. We attempted to obtain consensus by the modified method of Delphi on seven key HIPEC parameters: (1) method, (2) inflow temperature, (3) perfusate volume, (4) drug, (5) dosage, (6) timing of drug delivery, and (7) total perfusion time. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Response rates for ASPSM members (n = 45) and non-ASPSM members (n = 24) were 89 and 33 %, respectively. Of the responders from ASPSM members, 95 % agreed with implementing the proposal. Majority of the surgical oncologists favored the closed method of delivery with a standardized dual dose of mitomycin for a 90-min chemoperfusion for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. CONCLUSIONS This recommendation on a standardized delivery of HIPEC in patients with colorectal cancer represents an important first step in enhancing research in this field. Studies directed at maximizing the efficacy of each of the seven key elements will need to follow.
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Marrone MT, Venkataramanan V, Goodman M, Hill AC, Jereb JA, Mase SR. Surgical interventions for drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Review article]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:6-16. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Boddy AM, McGowen MR, Sherwood CC, Grossman LI, Goodman M, Wildman DE. Comparative analysis of encephalization in mammals reveals relaxed constraints on anthropoid primate and cetacean brain scaling. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:981-94. [PMID: 22435703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-established allometric relationship between brain and body mass in mammals. Deviation of relatively increased brain size from this pattern appears to coincide with enhanced cognitive abilities. To examine whether there is a phylogenetic structure to such episodes of changes in encephalization across mammals, we used phylogenetic techniques to analyse brain mass, body mass and encephalization quotient (EQ) among 630 extant mammalian species. Among all mammals, anthropoid primates and odontocete cetaceans have significantly greater variance in EQ, suggesting that evolutionary constraints that result in a strict correlation between brain and body mass have independently become relaxed. Moreover, ancestral state reconstructions of absolute brain mass, body mass and EQ revealed patterns of increase and decrease in EQ within anthropoid primates and cetaceans. We propose both neutral drift and selective factors may have played a role in the evolution of brain-body allometry.
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Carney M, Goodman M, Lurie G, Weise R. NSAIDS Do Not Prevent Ovarian Cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Goodman M, Steenland NK, Almon ML, Liff JS, Dilorio CK, Butler SO, Ekwueme DU, Hall IJ, Smith JL, Master VA, Roberts PL. Prostate cancer treatment ascertained from several sources: analysis of disagreement and error. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:256-263. [PMID: 21471565 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment data for prostate cancer can be obtained from a variety of sources. Each of these sources has its own strengths and weaknesses and is subject to error. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a population-based cohort of 319 prostate cancer patients, data on treatment were obtained from five sources: two patient interviews at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis, primary caregiver interviews, physician questionnaires, and medical records. Inter-reporting agreement and accuracy of reporting (compared with medical records) were assessed. Multivariate analyses examined patient, caregiver, and physician characteristics as determinants of reporting error. RESULTS The agreement among different reporting methods was generally good to excellent for prostatectomy and brachytherapy (kappa range 0.70-0.90) and fair to good (kappa range 0.35-0.75) for external beam radiation and hormonal treatment. Compared with medical records, the interview- and questionnaire-based data collection methods were more accurate for prostatectomy and brachytherapy than for external beam radiation and hormonal therapy. Using medical records as the 'gold standard', patient and caregiver interviews at 6 months after the diagnosis had higher sensitivity and specificity than other reporting sources. CONCLUSION Interviews of prostate cancer patients and caregivers are useful alternatives to medical record abstraction, particularly if carried out during, or soon after, treatment.
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Wang D, Ho A, Wu X, Hamilton A, Goodman M, Fleming S, Rao C, German R, Owen J. Results of Patterns of Care Study of Patients Treated with External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in 2004. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chaturvedi A, Engels E, Pfeiffer R, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, Jiang B, Goodman M, Sibug-Saber M, Cozen W, Liu L, Lynch C, Wentzensen N, Jordan R, Altekruse S, Anderson WF, Rosenberg P, Gillison ML. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence and survival in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saba NF, Kim HM, El-Rayes BF, Kono SA, Ramalingam SS, Owonikoko TK, Landry JC, Miller DL, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Goodman M. Survival outcomes of nonoperative therapy (NOT) alone versus NOT followed by surgery (NOTS) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC): SEER analysis 2000-2007. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Goodman M, Barry BW. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc) of Human Stratum Corneum: Effect of Azone. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goodman M, Barry BW. Action of Skin Permeation Enhancers Azone, Oleic Acid and Decylmethyl Sulphoxide: Permeation and Dsc Studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb14300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Steenland K, Goodman M, Liff J, DiIorio C, Butler S, Roberts P. Quality of Life Among Men With Prostate Cancer in Rural Georgia. Urology 2011; 77:927-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Esiashvili N, Kirsh C, Goodman M. Outcome of Pediatric Female Genital Tract Rhabdomyosarcoma Based on Analysis of Cases Registered in SEER Database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ashida S, Goodman M, Pandya C, Koehly LM, Lachance C, Stafford J, Kaphingst KA. Age differences in genetic knowledge, health literacy and causal beliefs for health conditions. Public Health Genomics 2010; 14:307-16. [PMID: 20829577 PMCID: PMC3136390 DOI: 10.1159/000316234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the levels of genetic knowledge, health literacy and beliefs about causation of health conditions among individuals in different age groups. METHODS Individuals (n = 971) recruited through 8 community health centers in Suffolk County, New York, completed a one-time survey. RESULTS Levels of genetic knowledge were lower among individuals in older age groups (26-35, p = 0.011; 36-49, p = 0.002; 50 years and older, p<0.001) compared to those in the youngest age group (18-25). Participants in the oldest age group also had lower health literacy than those in the youngest group (p <0.001). Those in the oldest group were more likely to endorse genetic (OR = 1.87, p = 0.008) and less likely to endorse behavioral factors like diet, exercise and smoking (OR = 0.55, p = 0.010) as causes of a person's body weight than those in the youngest group. Higher levels of genetic knowledge were associated with higher likelihood of behavioral attribution for body weight (OR = 1.25, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Providing additional information that compensates for their lower genetic knowledge may help individuals in older age groups benefit from rapidly emerging genetic health information more fully. Increasing the levels of genetic knowledge about common complex diseases may help motivate individuals to engage in health promoting behaviors to maintain healthy weight through increases in behavioral causal attributions.
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LaKind J, Youngstrom E, Goodman M, Squibb K, Lipkin P, Anthony L, Kenworthy L, Mattison D. A multidisciplinary approach to advancing the science of neurodevelopmental testing in cohorts of infants and young children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Anthony L, Youngstrom E, Kenworthy L, LaKind J, Goodman M, Squibb K, Lipkin P, Mattison D. Threats to study validity: The Flynn Effect, examiner drift, confounders, lost in translation, and other important considerations. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kenworthy L, Anthony L, Goodman M, LaKind J, Lipkin P, Mattison D, Squibb K, Youngstrom E. Getting the biggest bang for your buck: Choosing neurodevelopmental tests that maximize power. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Benedetti E, Corradini P, Goodman M, Pedone C. Flexibility of supposed "rigid" molecules: substituted 2,5-piperazinediones (diketopiperazines). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 62:650-2. [PMID: 16591734 PMCID: PMC223646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.62.3.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevant results of accurate X-ray analyses of both the trans-and the L-cis-3,6-dimethyl-2,5-piperazinediones (diketopiperazines) are reported. We note that a large variability of conformations for the ring system can be accomplished by coupling small bond-angle deformations with large variations of the internal rotation angles. The experimental molecular models are discussed in terms of these changes and in terms of nonbonded intramolecular interactions.
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Ganis P, Avitabile G, Benedetti E, Pedone C, Goodman M. Crystal and molecular structure of n,n'-diethyl-n,n'-diphenylurea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 67:426-33. [PMID: 16591865 PMCID: PMC283222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.1.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-diethylurea (C(17)H(20)N(2)O) crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/c. The unit cell constants are: a = 10.42 +/- 0.01 A, b = 16.86 +/- 0.02 A, c = 10.66 +/- 0.001 A, beta = 125 degrees 16' +/- 5'; Z = 4, D(x) = 1.16 g.cm(-3), D(meas) = 1.16 +/- 0.01 g.cm(-3). Data for 1392 reflections were collected at room temperature on a Picker automated diffractometer. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by bloc-diagonalized matrix least-squares calculations. The molecule is characterized by a pseudo C(2) symmetry; both phenyl groups are trans with respect to the oxygen atom. The hybridization of the two nitrogen atoms is intermediate between trigonal and tetrahedral; the nonplanar distortion of the amide groups is about 30 degrees . The amide C-N bond lengths are 1.37 A.
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