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Sakai T, Koyanagi M, Nakata K, Fujisaki H, Yamagata T, Hidaka K, Suzuki Y, Nakamura N. Posterior shear force and posterior tibial displacement using a sling bridge in patients with posterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Honda K, Zheng N, Murakoshi H, Hashimoto M, Sakai K, Borghan MA, Chikata T, Koyanagi M, Tamura Y, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Takiguchi M. Selection of escape mutant by HLA-C-restricted HIV-1 Pol-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes carrying strong ability to suppress HIV-1 replication. Eur J Immunol 2010; 41:97-106. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Watanabe T, Murakoshi H, Gatanaga H, Koyanagi M, Oka S, Takiguchi M. Effective recognition of HIV-1-infected cells by HIV-1 integrase-specific HLA-B∗4002-restricted T cells. Microbes Infect 2010; 13:160-6. [PMID: 20971209 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B∗4002 is one of the common HLA-B alleles in the world. All 7 reported HLA-B∗4002-restricted HIV epitopes are derived from Gag, Nef, and Vpr. In the present study we sought to identify novel HLA-B∗4002-restricted HIV epitopes by using overlapping 11-mer peptides of HIV-1 Nef, Gag, and Pol, and found that 6 of these 11-mer Pol peptides included HLA-B∗4002-restricted epitopes. Analysis using truncated peptides of these 6 peptides defined 4 optimal Pol (integrase) epitopes. All epitopes previously reported had Glu at position 2 (P2), suggesting that Glu at P2 is the anchor residue for HLA-B∗4002; whereas only 2 of the integrase epitopes that we here identified had Glu at P2. CTL clones specific for the 2 epitopes effectively recognized HIV-1-infected cells whereas those for other 2 epitopes only weakly recognized them. The antigen sensitivity of the former clones for the epitope peptide was much higher than that of the latter clones, suggesting 2 possibilities: 1) the former T cells have high-affinity TCRs and/or 2) the epitope peptides recognized by the former T cells are highly presented by HLA-B∗4002 in HIV-1-infected cells. These integrase-specific T cells with high antigen sensitivity may contribute to the suppression of HIV-1 replication in HIV-1-infected HLA-B∗4002+ individuals.
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Koyanagi M, Kerns JA, Chung L, Zhang Y, Brown S, Moldoveanu T, Malik HS, Bix M. Diversifying selection and functional analysis of interleukin-4 suggests antagonism-driven evolution at receptor-binding interfaces. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:223. [PMID: 20649995 PMCID: PMC3017759 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a secreted immunoregulatory cytokine critically involved in host protection from parasitic helminths [1]. Reasoning that helminths may have evolved mechanisms to antagonize IL4 to maximize their dispersal, we explored mammalian IL4 evolution. Results This analysis revealed evidence of diversifying selection at 15 residues, clustered in epitopes responsible for IL4 binding to its Type I and Type II receptors. Such a striking signature of selective pressure suggested either recurrent episodes of pathogen antagonism or ligand/receptor co-evolution. To test the latter possibility, we performed detailed functional analysis of IL4 allotypes expressed by Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus castaneus, which happen to differ at 5 residues (including three at positively selected sites) in and adjacent to the site 1 epitope that binds the IL4Rα subunit shared by the Type I and Type II IL4 receptors. We show that this intra-species variation affects the ability of IL4 neither to bind IL4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα) nor to signal biological responses through its Type I receptor. Conclusions Our results -- reminiscent of clustered positively selected sites revealing functionally important residues at host-virus interaction interfaces -- are consistent with IL4 having evolved to avoid recurrent pathogen antagonism, while maintaining the capacity to bind and signal through its cognate receptor. This work exposes what may be a general feature of evolutionary conflicts fought by pathogen antagonists at host protein-protein interaction interfaces involved in immune signaling: the emergence of receptor-binding ligand epitopes capable of buffering amino acid variation.
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Arimura Y, Ezaki T, Koyanagi M, Uchiyama T, Koyasu S, Yagi J. Reduced T cell expansion by a superantigen as a result of impaired B cell development in mice deficient for the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:493-500. [PMID: 20007249 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0708440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K plays crucial roles in the immune system. Mice deficient for p85alpha, a major regulatory subunit of class IA PI3K, show various defects and alterations in B cells, mast cells, macrophages, and DCs, and peripheral T cells are reportedly normal, at least in vitro. In normal mice, long-term exposure to a SAg, SEA, in vivo induced a high level of the protracted expansion of SEA-reactive Vbeta3(+)CD4(+) T cells, whereas the same treatment induced T cell expansion in p85alpha-deficient mice but to a much lesser extent than in normal mice. However, mixed bone marrow chimera mice, which have normal and p85alpha-deficient T and B cells, demonstrated equal responses of both T cells following stimulation with a SEA pump. In reciprocal cotransfer experiments of T and B cells from normal and p85alpha-deficient mice into Rag2-deficient mice, followed by SEA stimulation, p85alpha-deficient T cells revealed much higher proliferative capacity in the presence of normal B cells than did normal T cells with p85alpha-deficient B cells. Histologically, a marked B cell reduction was observed in the follicles and MZ of the spleen, and DCs accumulated in the MZ. In addition, p85alpha-deficient B cells had a low level of MHC class II expression. Collectively, these data suggested that the PI3K p85alpha subunit alters the SAg presentation capacity of B cells and indirectly modulates the magnitude of the T cell response, which may affect the protection against SEA-containing bacteria.
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Jain N, Nguyen H, Friedline RH, Malhotra N, Brehm M, Koyanagi M, Bix M, Cooper JA, Chambers CA, Kang J. Cutting edge: Dab2 is a FOXP3 target gene required for regulatory T cell function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4192-6. [PMID: 19767570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are vital for maintaining peripheral T cell tolerance and homeostasis. The mechanisms by which FOXP3 target genes orchestrate context-dependent Treg cell function are largely unknown. In this study we show that in mouse peripheral lymphocytes the Drosophila Disabled-2 (Dab2) homolog, a gene that is involved in enhancing TGFbeta responses, is exclusively expressed in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Dab2 is a direct target of FOXP3, and regulatory T cells lacking DAB2 are functionally impaired in vitro and in vivo. However, not all aspects of Treg cell function are perturbed, and DAB2 appears to be dispensable for Treg cell function in maintaining naive T cell homeostasis.
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Murakoshi H, Gatanaga H, Koyanagi M, Oka S, Takiguchi M. P16-06. Control of HIV-1 by HIV-1 Pol-specific CD8+ T cells in chronically HIV-1-infected Japanese cohort. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767732 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Okamoto M, Van Stry M, Chung L, Koyanagi M, Sun X, Suzuki Y, Ohara O, Kitamura H, Hijikata A, Kubo M, Bix M. Mina, an Il4 repressor, controls T helper type 2 bias. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:872-9. [PMID: 19561615 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T helper type 2 (T(H)2) bias, which is the propensity of naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into interleukin 4 (IL-4)-secreting T(H)2 cells, is a genetic trait that affects susceptibility to infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases. T(H)2 bias correlates with the amount of IL-4 initially secreted by newly activated helper T cells that feeds back positively through the pathway of the IL-4 receptor and the transcription factors STAT6 and GATA-3 to drive T(H)2 development. Here we identify Mina, a member of the jumonji C (JmjC) protein family, as a genetic determinant of T(H)2 bias. Mina specifically bound to and repressed the Il4 promoter. Mina overexpression in transgenic mice impaired Il4 expression, whereas its knockdown in primary CD4(+) T cells led to Il4 derepression. Our findings collectively provide mechanistic insight into an Il4-regulatory pathway that controls helper T cell differentiation and genetic variation in T(H)2 bias.
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Van Stry M, Okamoto M, Koyanagi M, Chung L, Suzuki Y, Ohara O, Kitamura H, Hijikata A, Tamari M, Kubo M, Bix M. Mina53, an IL4 repressor controlling TH2-bias (136.42). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.136.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The naïve CD4 T helper (TH) cell can differentiate into several effector TH subsets, depending on the host-pathogen environment. TH1 cells, which express high levels of the cytokine IFNγ, are essential for clearance of intracellular pathogens, while TH2 cells, which express high levels of IL-4, are required for responses to extracellular pathogens. TH2-bias, which occurs when a naïve T cell preferentially differentiates to a TH2 cell, is a genetic trait impacting infectious, autoimmune, and allergic disease susceptibility. Previous studies in our laboratory have identified a quantitative trait locus that regulates TH2 bias in mice (Dice1.2). Here, we have identified Mina53, a JmjC family member, as the genetic determinant of Dice1.2. Mina53 specifically represses transcription from the Il4 promoter in transient reporter assays, while over-expression of Mina53 converts TH2 bias from high to low. Moreover, Mina53 binds to the proximal Il4 promoter, and this binding requires an interaction between Mina53 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a key regulator of cytokine expression. Taken together, these data provide mechanistic insight into the Il4 regulatory pathway controlling effector T cell differentiation and account, in part, for genetic variation in TH2 bias.
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Monsefi N, Kossmann H, Iwasaki M, Koyanagi M, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Martens S. Mesenchymal stem cells are acutely mobilised in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rupp S, Koyanagi M, Iwasaki M, Bauer J, von Gerlach S, Schranz D, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Characterization of long-term endogenous cardiac repair in children after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:1867-72. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Koyanagi M, Fukada K, Uchiyama T, Yagi J, Arimura Y. Long-term exposure to superantigen induces p27Kip1 and Bcl-2 expression in effector memory CD4+ T cells. Cell Immunol 2007; 248:77-85. [PMID: 18001700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The long-term exposure of mice to superantigen SEA using a mini-osmotic pump (SEA pump) induced a long-lasting expansion of Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells with T helper (Th) 2 cell-type properties. Removal of the SEA pump 10 days after pump implantation did not significantly alter the level of Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cell expansion/maintenance. Furthermore, CFSE-labeled CD4+ T cells failed to divide when transferred to post-implantation day 15 mice. Thus, CD4+ T cells appeared to survive for at least 30 days in the absence of a sufficient amount of antigen to trigger cell division. STAT6 deficient mice, in which Th2 cell development is largely impaired, also exhibited a protracted cell expansion, similar to that observed in normal mice, suggesting that the Th2 cell property is dispensable for the maintenance of Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cell expansion. The expanded CD4+ T cells on post-implantation day 26 were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and showed a lower level of cell division upon restimulation. The Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) was highly expressed, and Cdk2 was downregulated. Moreover, the CD4+ T cells were resistant to in vitro apoptosis induction in parallel with their level of Bcl-2 expression. Collectively, the Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells appeared to develop into long-lived memory T cells with cell cycle arrest upon long-term exposure to SEA.
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Watanabe T, Kikuchi H, Fukushima T, Tomita H, Sugano E, Kurino H, Tanaka T, Tamai M, Koyanagi M. Novel Retinal Prosthesis System with Three Dimensionally Stacked LSI Chip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/essder.2006.307704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Koyanagi M, Kogo Y, Kanda Y. Phosphorescence from the two triplet states ofp-benzoquinone and toluquinone vapour. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268977100100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sakai T, Kimura Y, Koyanagi M, Sudo Y, Hasegawa Y, Matsukawa M. [Mediastinal emphysema after a punch on the back; report of a case]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2006; 59:340-3. [PMID: 16613155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A 19-year-old man was punched on the back, and anterior chest pain appeared about 3 hours after injury. The patient was consulted a physician complaining of anterior chest pain. On chest X-ray, mediastinal emphysema was suspected, and transferred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed mediastinal emphysema. On esophageal radiography and bronchofiberscopy, no abnormal findings were detected. Conservative therapy was conducted, and symptoms had gradually improved. On the 8th hospital day, mediastinal emphysema was improved on chest CT. The patient was discharged on the 10th hospital day. The most frequent cause of mediastinal emphysema after trauma is traffic or downfall accident, and no report on this condition after the punch on the back was found.
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Fukada K, Koyanagi M, Arimura Y, Ogiuchi H, Uchiyama T, Yagi J. CD28 is required for induction and maintenance of immunological memory in toxin-reactive CD4+ T cells in vivo. Cell Immunol 2005; 238:103-12. [PMID: 16600196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells maintained a protracted expansion, with the phenotypes of memory Th2 cells, for 30 days in C57BL/6 (B6) mice implanted with SEA-containing mini-osmotic pumps. In the present study, we followed the fate of Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells in CD28-/- mice. Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells increased to a degree similar to that of B6 Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells until day 10 after implantation, then declined rapidly reaching the control level by 28 days. Remaining Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells at that time did not exhibit memory phenotypes nor Th2-deviated responses. The rapid drop in Vbeta3+ CD4+ T cells in CD28-/- mice was attributable to upregulated induction of apoptosis owing to marginal inductions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Collectively, these data indicate CD28 to play critical roles in the generation and maintenance of SEA-reactive CD4+ T cells in vivo.
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Koyanagi M, Baguet A, Martens J, Margueron R, Jenuwein T, Bix M. EZH2 and histone 3 trimethyl lysine 27 associated with Il4 and Il13 gene silencing in Th1 cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:31470-7. [PMID: 16009709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504766200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells toward the T helper 1 (T(H)1) and T helper 2 (T(H)2) fates involves the transcriptional repression and enhancement, respectively, of Il4 and Il13, adjacent chromosome 11 genes encoding the canonical T(H)2 cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. Proper execution of this developmental fate choice during immune responses is critical to host defense and, when misregulated, leads to susceptibility to infectious microbes and to allergic and autoimmune diseases. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation and real time reverse transcription PCR we identify the Polycomb family histone methyltransferase EZH2 as the enzyme responsible for methylating lysine 27 of histone H3 at the Il4-Il13 locus of T(H)1 but not T(H)2 cells, implicating EZH2 in the mechanism of Il4 and Il13 transcriptional silencing.
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Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Takamatsu D, Koyanagi M, Zhao J, Imanishi K, Uchiyama T. Cytocidal effect of Streptococcus pyogenes on mouse neutrophils in vivo and the critical role of streptolysin S. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:107-16. [PMID: 15942900 DOI: 10.1086/430617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the in vivo dynamics of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in mice injected with group A streptococcus (GAS). A live low-virulence strain, as well as heat-killed low- and high-virulence strains, significantly increased the number of PECs (primarily neutrophils), whereas a live high-virulence strain did not. When coinjected with thioglycollate, the live high-virulence strain, as well as most other GAS strains, suppressed the ability of thioglycollate to induce neutrophil exudation. This suppression was due to a cytocidal effect of GAS on exuded neutrophils rather than an inhibition of neutrophil migration. In addition, GAS enhanced the apoptosis of neutrophils. These cytocidal effects were significantly reduced by the deletion of functional streptolysin S from GAS. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the production of antiphagocytic factors and survival inside phagocytes, GAS uses a more aggressive method--the elimination of neutrophils--to evade the host's innate immune system.
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Koyanagi M, Imanishi K, Arimura Y, Kato H, Yagi J, Uchiyama T. Immunologic immaturity, but high IL-4 productivity, of murine neonatal thymic CD4 single-positive T cells in the last stage of maturation. Int Immunol 2004; 16:315-26. [PMID: 14734617 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the levels of maturation and differentiation of murine CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells, we compared the secondary responses of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-induced neonatal thymic, adult thymic and adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts prepared from whole or heat-stable antigen(low) CD4 SP T cells. Proliferative responses upon re-stimulation with SEA were strong in adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts, but quite weak in neonatal thymic and adult thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts. SEA-induced IL-2 production was weaker in neonatal thymic blasts than in the adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts. In contrast, SEA-induced IL-4 production was high in neonatal thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts, and low in adult splenic and thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts. Expression of GATA-3, that directs production of IL-4 in T cells, examined at protein and mRNA levels, was higher in neonatal thymic cells than in adult thymic and splenic cells. These results suggest that neonatal and adult thymic CD4 SP T cells in the final stage of maturation are relatively immature compared with adult splenic CD4 SP T cells. The cytokine production profile of neonatal thymic CD4 SP T cells suggests that they are inclined towards a T(h)2 response.
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Suzuki K, Koyanagi M, Yamashita H. Genetic characterization and specific detection of beer-spoilage Lactobacillus sp. LA2 and related strains. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:677-83. [PMID: 15012805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lactobacillus sp. LA2 (DSM15502) and related strains (LA2 group) possess strong beer-spoilage ability. The 16S rDNA sequence of LA2 strain is virtually indistinguishable from that of L. collinoides, generally considered to be nonbeer-spoilage bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic marker to distinguish between Lactobacillus sp. LA2 group and L. collinoides and to provide a rapid means of identifying beer-spoilage strains belonging to Lactobacillus sp. LA2 group. METHODS AND RESULTS The 16-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (ITS) regions of Lactobacillus sp. LA2 and L. collinoides JCM1123T were sequenced to identify a genetic marker to distinguish between the two groups. As a result, 300 and 500 bp ITS regions of Lactobacillus sp. LA2 were found to be almost identical with those of L. collinoides JCM1123T. Sequence comparison analysis between Lactobacillus sp. LA2 and L. collinoides JCM1123T revealed that the two contiguously located nucleotides are absent in both ITS regions of Lactobacillus sp. LA2. Based on the sequence difference, we have designed specific PCR primers with a minor modification to the primer sequence that can differentiate between beer-spoilage Lactobacillus sp. LA2 group and nonbeer-spoilage L. collinoides. CONCLUSIONS The PCR-based method has been developed to identify Lactobacillus sp. LA2 group, providing a rapid and sensitive means of determining the beer-spoilage ability of detected bacterial strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The substitution of one nucleotide, located at the third position to the 3'-end in the primer sequence, enhanced the specificity of the PCR method while retaining sufficient sensitivity. The nucleotide gap identified in this study appeared to serve as a useful genetic marker that can differentiate 12 beer-spoilage Lactobacillus sp. LA2 group strains from its close relatives that exhibit no beer-spoilage ability.
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Suzuki K, Koyanagi M, Yamashita H. Genetic characterization of non-spoilage variant isolated from beer-spoilage Lactobacillus brevis ABBC45C. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:946-53. [PMID: 15078510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the non-spoilage variant obtained from beer-spoilage Lactobacillus brevis ABBC45C and to identify a potential genetic marker capable of discriminating beer-spoilage L. brevis strains from non-spoilers. METHODS AND RESULTS A non-spoilage variant was obtained from beer-spoilage L. brevis ABBC45C by repeatedly subculturing the strain at 37 degrees C. Genetic characterization of the variant revealed that 12,605 bp portion of one plasmid, designated pRH45II, was lost in the variant. The sequence analysis indicates the presence of 12 ORFs in the deleted region of pRH45II. The PCR and Southern hybridization study revealed that the homologues of ORF5 found in the deleted region were present in all of the beer-spoilage L. brevis strains examined in this study. In contrast, the homlogues appeared to be absent in non-spoilage L. brevis strains. CONCLUSIONS The presence or absence of ORF5 homologues was found to be highly correlated with the beer-spoilage ability of L. brevis strains, indicating this ORF is potentially a useful genetic marker capable of differentiating beer-spoilage strains among L. brevis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A non-spoilage variant was successfully isolated from beer-spoilage L. brevis ABBC45C. This study could facilitate the understanding of mechanisms underlying beer-spoilage ability of L. brevis.
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Chen L, Koyanagi M, Fukada K, Imanishi K, Yagi J, Kato H, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Zhang R, Miwa K, Uchiyama T. Continuous exposure of mice to superantigenic toxins induces a high-level protracted expansion and an immunological memory in the toxin-reactive CD4+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:3817-24. [PMID: 11937534 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the responses of several T cell fractions reactive with superantigenic toxins (SAGTs), staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM) in mice implanted with mini-osmotic pumps filled with SEA or YPM. In mice implanted with the SEA pump, SEA-reactive Vbeta3(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a high-level protracted expansion for 30 days, and SEA-reactive Vbeta11(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a low-level protracted expansion. SEA-reactive CD8(+) counterparts exhibited only a transient expansion. A similar difference in T cell expansion was also observed in YPM-reactive T cell fractions in mice implanted with the YPM pump. Vbeta3(+)CD4(+) and Vbeta11(+)CD4(+) T cells from mice implanted with the SEA pump exhibited cell divisions upon in vitro restimulation with SEA and expressed surface phenotypes as memory T cells. CD4(+) T cells from mice implanted with the SEA pump exhibited high IL-4 production upon in vitro restimulation with SEA, which was due to the enhanced capacity of the SEA-reactive CD4(+) T cells to produce IL-4. The findings in the present study indicate that, in mice implanted with a specific SAGT, the level of expansion of the SAGT-reactive CD4(+) T cell fractions varies widely depending on the TCR Vbeta elements expressed and that the reactive CD4(+) T cells acquire a capacity to raise a memory response. CD8(+) T cells are low responders to SAGTs.
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Ni W, Egashira K, Kataoka C, Kitamoto S, Koyanagi M, Inoue S, Takeshita A. Antiinflammatory and antiarteriosclerotic actions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in a rat model of chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Circ Res 2001; 89:415-21. [PMID: 11532902 DOI: 10.1161/hh1701.096614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that some of the beneficial effects of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) may be due to their cholesterol-lowering independent effects on the blood vessels. Chronic inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by oral administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to rats induces early vascular inflammation as well as subsequent arteriosclerosis. The aim of the study is to test whether treatment with statins attenuates such arteriosclerotic changes through their cholesterol-lowering independent effects. We investigated the effect of statins (pravastatin and cerivastatin) on the arteriosclerotic changes in the rat model. We found that treatment with statins did not affect serum lipid levels but markedly inhibited the L-NAME-induced vascular inflammation and arteriosclerosis. Treatment with statins augmented endothelial NO synthase activity in L-NAME-treated rats. We also found the L-NAME induced increase in Rho membrane translocation in hearts and its prevention by statins. Such vasculoprotective effects of statins were suppressed by the higher dose of L-NAME. In summary, in this study, we found that statins such as pravastatin and cerivastatin inhibited vascular inflammation and arteriosclerosis through their lipid-lowering independent actions in this model. Such antiarteriosclerotic effects may involve the increase in endothelial NO synthase activity and the inhibition of Rho activity.
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Katoh M, Egashira K, Kataoka C, Usui M, Koyanagi M, Kitamoto S, Ohmachi Y, Takeshita A, Narita H. Regression by ACE inhibition of arteriosclerotic changes induced by chronic blockade of NO synthesis in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H2306-12. [PMID: 11299235 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces vascular inflammation at week 1 and produces subsequent arteriosclerosis at week 4 and that cotreatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prevents such changes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with an ACE inhibitor after development of vascular inflammation could inhibit arteriosclerosis in rats. Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomized to four groups: the control group received no drugs, the 4wL-NAME group received L-NAME (100 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 4 wk, the 1wL + 3wNT group received L-NAME for 1 wk and no treatment for the subsequent 3 wk, and the 1wL + 3wACEI group received L-NAME for 1 wk and the ACE inhibitor imidapril (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for the subsequent 3 wk. After 4 wk, we observed significant arteriosclerosis of the coronary artery (medial thickening and fibrosis) and increased cardiac ACE activity in the 1wL + 3wNT group as well as in the 4wL-NAME group, but not in the 1wL + 3wACEI group. In a separate study, we examined apoptosis formation and found that posttreatment with imidapril (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or an ANG II AT1-receptor antagonist, CS-866 (5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), induced apoptosis (TdT-mediated nick end-labeling) in monocytes and myofibroblasts appearing in the inflammatory lesions associated with a clear degradation in the heart (DNA electrophoresis). In conclusion, treatment with the ACE inhibitor after 1 wk of L-NAME administration inhibited arteriosclerosis by inducing apoptosis in the cells with inflammatory lesions in this study, suggesting that increased ANG II activity inhibited apoptosis of the cells with inflammatory lesions and thus contributed to the development of arteriosclerosis.
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Ni W, Egashira K, Kitamoto S, Kataoka C, Koyanagi M, Inoue S, Imaizumi K, Akiyama C, Nishida KI, Takeshita A. New anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation 2001; 103:2096-101. [PMID: 11319201 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.16.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall and its activation may be the central event in atherogenesis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an important chemokine for monocyte recruitment, and its receptor (CCR2) may mediate such in vivo response. Although the importance of the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway in atherogenesis has been clarified, it remains unanswered whether postnatal blockade of the MCP-1 signals could be a unique site-specific gene therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We devised a new strategy for anti-MCP-1 gene therapy to treat atherosclerosis by transfecting an N-terminal deletion mutant of the human MCP-1 gene into a remote organ (skeletal muscle) in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. This strategy effectively blocked MCP-1 activity and inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic lesions but had no effect on serum lipid concentrations. Furthermore, this strategy increased the lesional extracellular matrix content. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this anti-MCP-1 gene therapy may serve not only to reduce atherogenesis but also to stabilize vulnerable atheromatous plaques. This strategy may be a useful and feasible form of gene therapy against atherosclerosis in humans.
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