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Berto A, Grierson S, Hakze-van der Honing R, Martelli F, Johne R, Reetz J, Ulrich RG, Pavio N, Van der Poel WHM, Banks M. Hepatitis E virus in pork liver sausage, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:264-6. [PMID: 23347828 PMCID: PMC3563277 DOI: 10.3201/eid1902.121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated viability of hepatitis E virus (HEV) identified in contaminated pork liver sausages obtained from France. HEV replication was demonstrated in 1 of 4 samples by using a 3-dimensional cell culture system. The risk for human infection with HEV by consumption of these sausages should be considered to be high.
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Al Balushi RM, Cohen J, Banks M, Paratz JD. The clinical role of glutamine supplementation in patients with multiple trauma: a narrative review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:24-34. [PMID: 23362887 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1304100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is considered an essential amino acid during stress and critical illness. Parenteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients has been shown to improve survival rate and minimise infectious complications, costs and hospital length-of-stay. However, glutamine supplementation in patients receiving enteral nutrition and the best method of administration are still controversial. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review of the current evidence and trials of enteral and parenteral glutamine supplementation in multiple trauma patients. A search in PubMed and EMBASE was conducted and relevant papers that investigated the effect of enteral or parenteral glutamine supplementation in patients with multiple trauma were reviewed. Although recent nutritional guidelines recommend that glutamine supplementation should be considered in these patients, further well-designed trials are required to provide a confirmed conclusion. Due to the inconclusive results of enteral glutamine supplementation trials in patients receiving enteral nutrition, future trials should focus on intravenous glutamine supplementation in patients requiring enteral nutrition and on major clinical outcome measures (e.g. mortality rate, infectious complications).
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Berto A, Martelli F, Grierson S, Banks M. Hepatitis E virus in pork food chain, United Kingdom, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1358-60. [PMID: 22840183 PMCID: PMC3414023 DOI: 10.3201/eid1808.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated contamination by hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the pork production chain in the United Kingdom. We detected HEV in pig liver samples in a slaughterhouse, in surface samples from a processing plant, and in pork sausages and surface samples at point of sale. Our findings provide evidence for possible foodborne transmission of HEV during pork production.
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Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs), bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI), beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2m) and transferrin were measured by radioimmunoassay in the first voided urine of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Compared to 16 age-matched, healthy subjects, urinary Igs were elevated in 19 (48%), BLI in 12 (30%), beta-2m in 29 (74%) and transferrin in 8 (20%) of 40 adenocarcinoma patients. Elevation in urinary Igs, BLI or beta-2m was associated with a significantly shorter survival. The four urine markers correlated well with serum chromogranin A but not with serum prostate-specific antigen. Results suggest that these urine markers are elevated with high frequency in advanced prostate cancer.
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Banks M, Held R. The Functional Advantage of Slit Pupils. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Berto A, Backer JA, Mesquita JR, Nascimento MSJ, Banks M, Martelli F, Ostanello F, Angeloni G, Di Bartolo I, Ruggeri FM, Vasickova P, Diez-Valcarce M, Hernandez M, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, van der Poel WHM. Prevalence and transmission of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine populations in different European countries. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:190. [PMID: 22534364 PMCID: PMC3479409 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 can cause liver disease in human and has its main reservoir in pigs. HEV investigations in pigs worldwide have been performed but there is still a lack of information on the infection dynamics in pig populations. FINDINGS The HEV transmission dynamics in commercial pig farms in six different European countries was studied. The data collected show prevalence in weaners ranging from 8% to 30%. The average HEV prevalence in growers was between 20% and 44%. The fatteners prevalence ranged between 8% and 73%. Sows prevalence was similar in all countries. Boar faeces were tested for HEV only in Spain and Czech Republic, and the prevalence was 4.3% and 3.5% respectively. The collected data sets were analyzed using a recently developed model to estimate the transmission dynamics of HEV in the different countries confirming that HEV is endemic in pig farms. CONCLUSIONS This study has been performed using similar detection methods (real time RT-PCR) for all samples and the same model (SIR model) to analyse the data. Furthermore, it describes HEV prevalence and within-herd transmission dynamics in European Countries (EU): Czech Republic, Italy, Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands and United Kingdom, confirming that HEV is circulating in pig farms from weaners to fatteners and that the reproductive number mathematical defined as R0 is in the same range for all countries studied.
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Welchman DDB, Verkuijl AM, Pepper WJ, Ibata G, King SA, Davidson HM, Mawhinney IC, Banks M. Association of gammaherpesviruses and bacteria with clinical metritis in a dairy herd. Vet Rec 2012; 170:207. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hardman K, Dastjerdi A, Gurrala R, Routh A, Banks M, Steinbach F, Bouts T. Detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 in asymptomatic elephants using TaqMan real-time PCR. Vet Rec 2011; 170:205. [PMID: 22186378 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the feasibility of identifying asymptomatic viral shedders using a novel TaqMan real-time PCR on trunk washes and swabs from the conjunctiva, palate and vulva of elephants. Six elephants from a UK collection were sampled weekly over a period of 11 weeks for this study. The herd prevalence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) was 100 per cent by PCR. The virus DNA was detected in all the sampling sites; however, the prevalence of virus DNA in the conjunctiva swabs was higher. In addition, Asian elephants from two continental European collections were sampled once and one animal tested positive on a trunk wash. The virus from this animal was phylogenetically typed as EEHV-1A based on 231 nucleotides of the terminase gene.
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Kim J, Shibata T, Hoffman D, Banks M. Assessing vergence-accommodation conflict as a source of discomfort in stereo displays. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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D’Agostino M, Cook N, Di Bartolo I, Ruggeri FM, Berto A, Martelli F, Banks M, Vasickova P, Kralik P, Pavlik I, Kokkinos P, Vantarakis A, Söderberg K, Maunula L, Verhaelen K, Rutjes S, de Roda Husman AM, Hakze R, Van der Poel W, Kaupke A, Kozyra I, Rzeżutka A, Prodanov J, Lazic S, Petrovic T, Carratala A, Gironés R, Diez-Valcarce M, Hernandez M, Rodriguez-Lazaro D. Multicenter Collaborative Trial Evaluation of a Method for Detection of Human Adenoviruses in Berry Fruit. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Banks M. The Vertical Horopter is Not Adaptable and is Not Adaptive for Viewing Along the Ground. Iperception 2011. [DOI: 10.1068/i184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helmholtz speculated that the pitch of the vertical horopter is an adaptation for perceiving 3D structure along the ground. We examined this claim by asking whether the horopter is adaptable (ie, whether it is different for people of different heights and whether it can be changed in response to distorting lenses) and whether it's adaptive (ie, whether it really is suited for perceiving along the ground). We find that it is not adaptable in that the pitch of the vertical horopter is not correlated with height and in that it does not change in response to one week of altered visual experience. We also find that it is not adaptive for viewing along the ground because the vertical horopter is a convex curve rather than a line. We speculate that it is adaptive for other aspects of natural viewing.
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Held R, Cooper E, O'Brien J, Banks M. Making big things look small: Blur combined with other depth cues affects perceived size and distance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Banks M, Li K, Wray J, Vlaskamp B, Roorda A. Stereopsis in People with Eyes of Different Lengths: Adaptation via Receptor Geometry or Post-receptoral Mechanisms? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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O'Shea J, Agrawala M, Banks M. The influence of shape cues on detecting lighting inconsistencies. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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42
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Banks M. Aujeszky's disease in the horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1996.tb01855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Willoughby K, Gilray J, Maley M, Dastjerdi A, Steinbach F, Banks M, Scholes S, Howie F, Holliman A, Baird P, McKillen J. Lack of evidence for circovirus involvement in bovine neonatal pancytopenia. Vet Rec 2010; 166:436-7. [PMID: 20364016 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ko PY, Levitan C, Banks M. Detecting correlations between auditory and visual signals. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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45
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Held R, Banks M. Perceptual distortions in stereoscopic photographs. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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46
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Girshick A, Burge J, Erlikhman G, Banks M. Prior expectations in slant perception: Has the visual system internalized natural scene geometry? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Banks M. The perceptual consequences of estimating disparity via correlation. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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49
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O'Shea J, Agrawala M, Banks M. The preferred angle of illumination in shape from shading. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Held R, Banks M. Perceived size is affected by blur and accommodation. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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