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Saggar S, Singh J, Giltrap DL, Zaman M, Luo J, Rollo M, Kim DG, Rys G, van der Weerden TJ. Quantification of reductions in ammonia emissions from fertiliser urea and animal urine in grazed pastures with urease inhibitors for agriculture inventory: New Zealand as a case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 465:136-146. [PMID: 22959073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urea is the key nitrogen (N) fertiliser for grazed pastures, and is also present in excreted animal urine. In soil, urea hydrolyses rapidly to ammonium (NH4(+)) and may be lost as ammonia (NH3) gas. Unlike nitrous oxide (N2O), however, NH3 is not a greenhouse gas although it can act as a secondary source of N2O, and hence contribute indirectly to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Various urease inhibitors (UIs) have been used over the last 30 years to reduce NH3 losses. Among these, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT), sold under the trade name Agrotain®, is currently the most promising and effective when applied with urea or urine. Here we conduct a critical analysis of the published and non-published data on the effectiveness of nBTPT in reducing NH3 emission, from which adjusted values for FracGASF (fraction of total N fertiliser emitted as NH3) and FracGASM (fraction of total N from, animal manure and urine emitted as NH3) for the national agriculture greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory are recommended in order to provide accurate data for the inventory. We use New Zealand as a case study to assess and quantify the overall reduction in NH3 emission from urea and animal urine with the application of UI nBTPT. The available literature indicates that an application rate of 0.025% w/w (nBTPT per unit of N) is optimum for reducing NH3 emissions from temperate grasslands. UI-treated urine studies gave highly variable reductions (11-93%) with an average of 53% and a 95% confidence interval of 33-73%. New Zealand studies, using UI-treated urea, suggest that nBTPT (0.025% w/w) reduces NH3 emissions by 44.7%, on average, with a confidence interval of 39-50%. On this basis, a New Zealand specific value of 0.055 for FracGASF FNUI (fraction of urease inhibitor treated total fertiliser N emitted as NH3) is recommended for adoption where urea containing UI are applied as nBTPT at a rate of 0.025% w/w. Only a limited number of published data sets are available on the effectiveness of UI for reducing NH3 losses from animal urine-N deposited during grazing in a grazed pasture system. The same can be said about mixing UI with urine, rather than spraying UI before or after urine application. Since it was not possible to accurately measure the efficacy of UI in reducing NH3 emissions from animal urine-N deposited during grazing, we currently cannot recommend the adoption of a FracGASM value adjusted for the inclusion of UI.
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Benjakul S, Gupta P, Khan A, Kashiwabara M, Kosen S, Rarick J, Sinha D, Hiong HTG, Zaman M. OP039 SURVEILLANCE OF OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCT USE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY. Respir Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0954-6111(13)70035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choudhury MA, Zaman M, Mollah AH, Hoque MA, Fatmi LE, Islam MN, Bhuiyan KJ, Hossain MA. Iron status in children with febrile seizure. Mymensingh Med J 2013; 22:275-280. [PMID: 23715348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This hospital based cross sectional analytic study was carried out in department of Pediatrics Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Combined Military Hospital from July 2009 to June 2010 to find out the relationship of iron status with febrile seizure in children. Sixty children aged 6 months to 5 years having febrile seizure were enrolled as cases after taking proper consent by purposive sampling. Sixty age matched children with fever but no seizures were taken as control after taking proper consent. Children having a febrile seizure, developmental delay, hemorrhagic disorder, severe malnutrition or micronutrient deficiency and abnormal CSF findings were excluded from the study. In cases after control of seizure 2 ml of CSF was taken for cytology, biochemistry, Gram & AFB staining. Two milliliter of blood from cases as well as control was collected, released to EDTA bottle for Hb, MCV and MCHC. Again 2 ml of blood was taken in plain test tube for testing serum iron, TIBC and for serum ferritin. Serum iron, TIBC, serum ferritin was estimated by automated analyzer (PENTRA for serum iron, DADE BEHRING for TIBC, IMMULITE 1000 for serum ferritin). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding age (p>0.05), sex (p>0.05). High fever (p<0.001) and continuous fever (p<0.001) was significantly associated with febrile seizure. Seizure was generalized in all with positive family history in 83.3% cases. The Mean±SD of blood Hb (Case 9.8±1.6; Control 10.7±0.9), MCH (Case 22.1±2.3; Control 24.3±3.6) & serum ferritin (Case 55.1±29.3; Control 99.6±81.9) level were significantly low associated with febrile seizure (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between cases and control regarding MCV, serum iron and serum TIBC.
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Assad F, Bhiki K, Eusebio D, Flores E, Paulino M, Ramirez A, Ramirez H, Valentin T, Zaman M, Sussman JL, Lovering AL, Westblade LF, Granberry A. Physical Model of the
Staphylococcus aureus
Transpeptidase PBP2a in Complex with an Anti‐Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Cephalosporin. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naqvi H, Sabzwari S, Hussain S, Islam M, Zaman M. 446 General practitioners’ awareness and management of common psychiatric disorders: a community-based survey from Karachi, Pakistan. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2012; 18:446-53. [DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.5.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lhussier M, Bangash S, Dykes F, Zaman M, Lowe NM. Development and implementation of a nutrition intervention programme in North West Pakistan: a realist framework. Health Promot Int 2011; 27:453-62. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dar067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zaman M, Taleb A, Rahman S, Acharyya A, Islam FA, Ahmed MSAM, Zaman M. SP1-112 Prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adult population: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976n.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Choudhury S, Ahmed J, Zaman M, Sobhan M, Hussain A. P2-44 Burden of stroke and its related disabilities in a rural community of Bangladesh. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976h.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zaman M, Zuberi T, Martini G, Lawrence MJ. The bioadhesive properties of hydrophobized polyvinylpyrrolidone. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb02360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paul A, John H, Oakley L, Deeley D, Samaranayaka M, Klocke R, Murley A, Webb E, Al-Allaf A, Panchal S, Moorthy A, Samanta A, Rajak R, Zaman M, Camilleri J, Nash J, Negi A, Jones S, Hull DN, Smith AS, Taylor PC, Hughes L, Done J, Young A, Colijn E, Franssen M, Rabsztyn PRI, van den Ende CHM, Williams A, Graham A, Davies S, Longrigg K, Dagg A, Lyons C, Bowen C, Wright S, Cornell P, Richards S. BHPR - audit/service delivery: 93. Taking Care of the Foot Health of Rheumatology Patients: Where Do We Stand Now? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zaman M, Akram H, Haliasos N, Bavetta S. Cardiac tamponade and heart failure secondary to ventriculo-pleural shunt malfunction: a rare presentation. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:2011/jan20_1/bcr1220092548. [PMID: 22715274 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2009.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an unusual case of a patient with a ventriculo-pleural shunt presenting with signs and symptoms of heart failure due to massive pericardial effusion. Imaging revealed the distal shunt catheter end within the middle mediastinum to have migrated from the pleural space. The patient underwent a shunt revision procedure resulting in complete resolution of the presenting pathology. We intend to draw the reader's attention to this rare presentation of ventriculo-pleural shunt malfunction.
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Haq A, Inayat MH, Zaman M, Chughtai IR. Liquid Holdup in a Pilot-Scale Turbulent Contact Absorber - An Experimental and Comparative Study. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Two images of Bangladesh as a country are commonplace in the West and often simplistically intertwined—a land of overpopulation and poverty, and a land cursed by natural disaster. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with an estimated per capita income equivalent to only U.S. $180. It is also one of the world's most crowded countries. One hundred thirteen million people live in Bangladesh, an area about the size of Wisconsin, with an average density close to two thousand people per square mile. Since only 13% of the population is urban, this tremendous population, currently growing at a rate of 2.8% per annum, exerts especially great pressure on resources in the rural areas.
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Niell HB, Griffin JP, Cole H, Salazar J, Weiman D, Kaufman JA, Zaman M, Thompson EV, Appling N. Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs): Outcome of 6-year follow-up by a VA multidisciplinary lung cancer group. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zaman M, Nguyen M, Blennerhas J. The Effect of Different Rates of Urea with or without Urease Inhibitor (NBPT) on Wheat Yield and Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/aj.2010.309.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zaman M, Hussain M, Babar TF, Wade PD, Shah AA, Khan MD. A review of 50 cases of aphakic detachment in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2010; 18:263-7. [PMID: 20120642 DOI: 10.4314/njm.v18i3.51174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan over the period of 16 months. It was to assess the demographic pattern, mode of presentation, treatment modalities and postoperative result of aphakic retinal detachment. This study also compared the incidence of aphakic retinal detachment in intracapsular versus extracapsular cataract extraction as well as the duration between cataract surgery and retinal detachment. PATIENTS AND METHOD A total of 50 patients were recruited in this prospective study. A Proforma was specially designed for this purpose. Detailed history with reference to age, sex, presenting complaints, spectacle wear, previous ocular surgery, duration of surgery/laser treatment, systemic and family history was taken. All patients had detailed ophthalmic examination, underwent conventional retinal reattachment surgery, and were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS Of the total number studied, 86% of the patients were males; only 14% were females, with a mean age of 58 years. The overall anatomical success was achieved in 40 (80%) eyes. The visual acuity of 6/12 and better was achieved in 8 (16%) eyes. 20 (40%) eyes attained a vision of 6/18 to 6/36. 12 (24%) eyes had a vision between 6/60 to CF 3m. The vision could not be improved beyond CF 3m in 10 (20%) eyes. CONCLUSION Vitreous loss during cataract surgery is the most common cause of aphakic retinal detachment. The risk is maximal in the first and second year. The overall anatomical attachment achieved through conventional retinal detachment surgery is 80%.
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Hussain M, Malik R, Zaman M, Babar TF, Elsherbiny SM, Lip LP. Retinopathy: variable clinical spectrum and post-endarterectomy changes. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010; 22:62-64. [PMID: 21409906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Carotid Artery Insufficiency Retinopathy (CAIR) is an uncommon sign of carotid artery obstruction. It is mainly found in patients with complete occlusion or severe obstruction of internal Carotid Artery (ICA). Retinopathy is caused by progressive and chronic hypoxia to ocular tissues. The purpose of the study is to describe the variable presentation of CAIR in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis and to asses the resolution of retinopathy in patients who had carotid endarterectomy. METHODS Records of the patients with confirmed internal carotid artery stenosis were reviewed. Patients' demographic data and way of presentation to ophthalmologist was recorded. Associated systemic vascular diseases were also recorded on the proforma. Records of the patients with confirmed internal carotid artery stenosis were reviewed. RESULTS Thirteen eyes of 10 patients were included in study with male to female ratio of 9:1. Patients' clinical presentation ranged from scattered blot haemorrhages to ocular ischemic syndrome. Patients presented with retinopathy at different stages. The presentation of retinopathy varied from scattered blot haemorrhages to ocular ischemic syndrome. Endarterectomy resolved CAIR in 2 out of 3 patients, with one patient having bilateral resolution. CONCLUSION CAIR should be suspected if retinopathy is unilateral. On the other hand patients with asymptomatic Carotid artery stenosis should be examined for signs of ocular ischemia. All patients with CAIR should be investigated for cardiovascular diseases. Endarterectomy in selected patients can resolve CAIR.
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Gilani AH, Zaman M, Janbaz KH. Specific Antiserotonergic and General Spasmolytic Activities Mediated by Artemisia scoparia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209509065362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gupta AK, Zaman M, Singh J. Fast and sensitive detection of Trichophyton rubrum DNA from the nail samples of patients with onychomycosis by a double-round polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:698-703. [PMID: 17714569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in onychomycosis. Isolation of T. rubrum from nail samples by traditional methods is time-consuming and has a high false-negative rate of detection. OBJECTIVES To investigate the detection of T. rubrum in nail samples using DNA detection methods. METHODS A total of 62 nail samples from onychomycosis patients with T. rubrum infection were evaluated by culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar plus chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and gentamicin and compared with genotyping methods utilizing DNA extracted directly from nails. Trichophyton rubrum DNA isolated directly from nails was amplified using two different conserved regions [actin gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS)] in double-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS Forty-eight of 62 (77.4%) samples were potassium hydroxide (KOH) positive, but T. rubrum culture was positive in only 14 of 62 (22.6%) samples. By contrast, direct T. rubrum DNA detection rate was 59.7% (37/62) by actin gene and 45.2% (28/62) by ITS1 region PCR assays corresponding to higher detection frequencies compared with culture with P < 0.001 and < 0.008, respectively. The combined detection of actin and ITS1 was 69.4% (43/62). Interestingly, T. rubrum DNA was detected in 9 out of 14 (64.3%) of KOH- and culture-negative samples. Importantly, 15 culture-negative samples collected from patients undergoing antifungal treatment tested PCR positive using the actin region. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a direct DNA detection protocol is more sensitive, accurate and faster than traditional culture-based methods. It can be useful to detect T. rubrum in patients undergoing antifungal therapy and who have been reported mycologically cured on the basis of a culture-based method.
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Lembo A, Zaman M, Jones M, Talley NJ. Influence of genetics on irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a twin study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:1343-50. [PMID: 17509102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genetic contribution has been proposed for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but is controversial. No twin data exist for dyspepsia. AIM To determine the relative contribution of genetic factors in GERD, dyspepsia (upper abdominal pain) and IBS. METHODS A total of 986 twin pairs (from initial mail-out response 51%). Both members completed validated symptom and psychological questionnaires; 481 monozygotic pairs [mean (s.d.) age 53 +/- 5.8 years] and 505 dizygotic pairs (mean age 54 +/- 5.6 years). RESULTS Prevalence of IBS, dyspepsia and GERD was 12%, 10% and 20%, respectively. Polychoric correlation for monozygotic twins for IBS (0.47) and GERD (0.44) were both substantially larger than those for dizygotic twins (0.17 and -0.37, respectively). Polychoric correlation was slightly lower in monozygotic than dizygotic twins for dyspepsia. Genetic modelling confirmed the independent additive genetic effects in GERD and IBS but not dyspepsia. Estimates of genetic variance were 22% for IBS, 13% for GERD and 0% for dyspepsia, but adjusting for anxiety and depression removed the statistical significance for IBS and GERD. CONCLUSIONS There is a genetic contribution to GERD and IBS but not dyspepsia; this may be mediated by the hereditability of anxiety and depression.
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Kirsch M, Zaman M, Meier D, Dübel S, Hust M. Parameters affecting the display of antibodies on phage. J Immunol Methods 2005; 301:173-85. [PMID: 15992816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that a multitude of antibody phage display libraries has been built, systematic comparisons of critical design parameters are rare. Here we analysed the impact of various factors on the performance of the phage display system. First, we compared several vector designs for the display of Fab fragments of antibodies. Bicistronic as well as monocistronic expression of the antibody/pIII operon and vectors using fd-pIII as well as LC-pIII fusions were tested. Further, we evaluated the influence of glucose on the promoter induction. We compared monovalent versus oligovalent display of the antibody fragments and we used antibody fragments with different folding efficiency to assess the influence of the individual antibody sequences on the performance of the system. Finally, both phage display efficiency and yield of soluble Fab fragments were analysed. The significant differences found for phage yield, display of Fabs on the phage and expression of soluble Fabs suggest to use a bicistronic vector with an fd-fragment-pIII fusion for the construction of future Fab phage display libraries.
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Saeed SA, Bazza M, Zaman M, Ryatt KS. Cefuroxime induced lymphomatoid hypersensitivity reaction. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76:577-9. [PMID: 10964126 PMCID: PMC1741723 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.76.899.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An 84 year old woman developed erythematous blotchy erythema and purpuric rashes over the lower limbs three days after being started on intravenous cefuroxime for acute diverticulitis. A skin biopsy specimen showed a mixed infiltrate of lymphoid cells and eosinophils; many of the lymphocytes were large, pleomorphic, and showed a raised mitotic rate. Immunohistochemistry showed the infiltrate to be T cell rich, with all the large cells being CD30 positive. Typical mycosis fungoides cells, marked epidermotropism, and Pautrier's abscesses were not seen. The rash disappeared 10 days after cessation of cefuroxime and the patient remained asymptomatic 15 months later. This apparent cutaneous T cell lymphoma-like reaction is best described as lymphomatoid vascular reaction. The drug induced immune response with an atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate mimics a cutaneous pseudolymphoma.
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Munir A, Zaman M, Eltorky M. Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in a pancreas transplant patient. South Med J 2000; 93:614-7. [PMID: 10881783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A 41-year-old woman had fever of 3 days' duration. She had had pancreas transplantation 2 years previously and had recently completed a course of antirejection medication. Temperature spikes occurred during treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. No obvious cause for the fever was found. The patient's condition worsened, with development of shortness of breath, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs, sepsis, and shock. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage showed the presence of Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine and clindamycin were started, and the patient improved. Toxoplasma gondii occurs in contaminated food containing oocysts or cysts. Organ transplantation and blood transfusions are other routes of transmission. Most recent cases have occurred in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with reactivation of previous infection. Serology and tissue biopsies are used for diagnosis. Treatment includes a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine or trisulfapyrimidines.
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Gilani AH, Shaheen F, Zaman M, Janbaz KH, Shah BH, Akhtar MS. Studies on antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods. Phytother Res 1999; 13:665-9. [PMID: 10594935 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199912)13:8<665::aid-ptr563>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods (AN) caused a dose-dependent (3-30 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure. Treatment of animals with atropine abolished the vasodilator response of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas the antihypertensive effect of the plant extract remained unaltered. Phentolamine (an alpha-adrenergic blocker) abolished the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine (NE), whereas pretreatment of the animal with AN, did not modify the NE response. These results indicate that the antihypertensive effect of plant extract is independent of muscarinic receptor stimulation or adrenoceptor blockade. In the in vitro studies, AN produced a dose-dependent (0.3-3.0 mg/mL) inhibitory effect on force and rate of spontaneous contractions in guinea-pig paired atria. Similarly, it inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent (0.1-3.0 mg/mL) manner. AN also inhibited K(+)-induced contractions in rabbit jejunum at a similar concentration range, which suggests that the antispasmodic action of AN is mediated through calcium channel blockade, and this may also be responsible for the blood pressure lowering effect of AN, observed in the in vivo studies.
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Ahmad I, Zaman M. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia: an initial presenting sign of giant cell arteritis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47:734-6. [PMID: 10366177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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