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Jin W, Yamada K, Ikami M, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Atsumi Y, Mizutani M, Murai A, Okamoto A, Namikawa T, Baba Y, Ohta M. P18 Application of IgY to ELISA, LFDs, and immunopillar chips for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and dairy products. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nakajima R, Kobayashi T, Kikuchi T, Kitano Y, Watanabe H, Mizutani M, Nozaki T, Senda N, Saitoh K, Takagi R, Yamato M, Okano T, Takeda S. Fabrication of transplantable corneal epithelial and oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets using a novel temperature-responsive closed culture device. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:637-40. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yamamoto H, Mizutani M, Yamada K, Iwaizono H, Takayama K, Hino M, Kudo T, Ohta H, Kida K, Morimura S. Characteristics of aromatic compound production using newshochuyeast MF062 isolated fromshochumash. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nakajima R, Kobayashi T, Moriya N, Mizutani M, Kan K, Nozaki T, Saitoh K, Yamato M, Okano T, Takeda S. A novel closed cell culture device for fabrication of corneal epithelial cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:1259-67. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yamamoto H, Morimura S, Mizutani M, Yamada K, Ochi H, Takayama K, Kudo T, Ohta H, Kida K. Isolation and Characterization of Shochu Yeasts with Superior Brewing Ability from Shochu Mashes. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gohain B, Borchetia S, Bhorali P, Agarwal N, Bhuyan LP, Rahman A, Sakata K, Mizutani M, Shimizu B, Gurusubramaniam G, Ravindranath R, Kalita MC, Hazarika M, Das S. Understanding Darjeeling tea flavour on a molecular basis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:577-97. [PMID: 22328090 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Darjeeling teas are the highest grown teas in the world and preferred for its flavour, aroma and quality. Apart from the genetic makeup of the plant, earlier reports suggest that insect infestation, particularly jassids and thrips triggers the aroma and flavour formation in Darjeeling tea. The present work encompasses the identification of the genes/transcriptomes responsible for the typical flavour of Darjeeling tea, besides understanding the role of jassids and thrips in particular, in producing the best cup character and quality. The quantitative real time PCR analysis was based on a suppression subtractive hybridisation forward library of B157 (tea clone infested with thrips), providing us transcripts related to aroma and flavour formation. We observed the expression of genes like leucine zipper, ntd, nced, geraniol synthase, raffinose synthase, trehalose synthase, amylase, farnesyl transferase, catalase, methyl transferase, linalool synthase, peroxidases, elicitor responsive proteins, linamarase, nerolidol linalool synthase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase, glucosidase, MYB transcription factor, and alcohol dehydrogenase, highly regulated due to insect infestation, manufacturing stresses and mechanical injury. The first report on gene expression dynamics in thrips infested Darjeeling tea leaves can be extrapolated with increase in volatiles which is responsible for enhancing the quality of Darjeeling tea, specially the flavour and aroma of the infusion. We hope to model these responses in order to understand the molecular changes that occur during Darjeeling tea flavour formation.
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Sato N, Ohsumi S, Iwase T, Inaji H, Mizutani M, Nishimura R, Mukai H. P2-15-04: Clinical Significance of Resection with Curative Intent for Isolated Pulmonary Metastases from Breast Cancer. Multi-Institutional Study in Japan. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-15-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although resection of isolated pulmonary metastases is a common treatment in other primaries such as colon cancer, the role of lung metastasectomy of breast cancer is still unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcome of our operated patients with isolated pulmonary breast cancer metastases and discuss the clinical implication of resection with curative intent for them.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 86 female patients with histologically proven isolated pulmonary metastases from breast cancer who were treated with surgery of curative intent between January 1980 and September 2010 at 7 Japanese hospitals. The mean age of them was 50 years, the median disease free interval (DFI) from the definitive surgery for the primary breast cancer was 4.6 years (range: 0.5−20.4 years) and the median follow-up after lung metastasectomy was 4.1 years (range: 0.3−30.9 years).
RESULTS: Lung metastasectomy was performed by thoracotomy in 22 patients and by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection in 64 patients. The number of metastatic foci resected was one for 79 patients, two for 6, and unknown for 1. Lymph node resection was performed for 12 patients, was not done for 69, and unknown for 5. Five-year survival rates after lung metastasectomy were 68% in the patients. The main prognostic factor was the DFI. Five-year survival rates for patients with DFI of longer than 2 years (n = 72) and those with DFI of shorter than 2 years (n=14) were 74.5% and 33.8%, respectively (p = 0.0006). Five-year survival rates after lung metastasectomy were 68% in patients without macroscopic residual pulmonary tumor after lung metastasectomy (n = 69) and 34% in those with macroscopic residual tumor (n = 12) (p = 0.023). Five-year disease free survival after lung metastasectomy for patients without macroscopic residual tumor was 51 %. Five-year survival rates were 78% in patient with endocrine hormonal therapy following lung metastasectomy (n = 51) and 53% in those without endocrine hormonal therapy (n = 35) (p = 0.045). No prognostic influence could be demonstrated for age, number of initial axillary node metastases, primary tumor size.
CONCLUSION: The prognosis of the breast cancer patients with isolated pulmonary metastases who underwent metastasectomy with curative intent was good. It was affected by the biological aspects of the primary tumor, “curativity” of the resection, and systemic treatments after lung resection. It may be expected that some of those patients will be cured by surgery with curative intent.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-04.
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Takagi R, Murakami D, Kondo M, Ohki T, Sasaki R, Mizutani M, Yamato M, Nishida K, Namiki H, Yamamoto M, Okano T. Fabrication of human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets for treatment of esophageal ulceration by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72:1253-9. [PMID: 20970796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal stenosis is one of the major complications of aggressive endoscopic resection. Tissue-engineered epithelial cell grafts have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting re-epithelialization and suppressing inflammation causing esophageal scarring and stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in an animal model. OBJECTIVE To confirm the reproducibility and efficacy of a human oral mucosal epithelial cell (hOMEC) sheet cultured on temperature-responsive surface in conformity with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines. DESIGN A preclinical study. SETTING Good Manufacturing Practice grade cell-processing center, animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Canine esophageal ulcer models, which were made by ESD. INTERVENTIONS Oral mucosal specimens were obtained from 7 healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Fabricated and transplanted hOMEC sheets were subjected to histological analysis. RESULTS The reproducibility of the fabrication of hOMEC sheets was confirmed. In this method, animal-derived materials such as 3T3 feeder layer and fetal bovine serum were successfully excluded from the culture condition. Furthermore, the environment of the culture room and safety cabinet in the cell-processing center was maintained for obtaining sterility assurances during the fabrication. Transplanted hOMEC sheets after ESD were observed to graft onto canine esophageal ulcer surfaces. LIMITATIONS Small number of subjects, animal model. CONCLUSIONS Cultured hOMEC sheets were fabricated without animal-derived materials and demonstrated efficacy as a medical device that promotes re-epithelialization of an esophageal ulcer after ESD.
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Oono Y, Fu K, Nakamura H, Iriguchi Y, Yamamura A, Kishi D, Oda J, Ikematsu H, Mizutani M, Takayanagi S, Tomino Y. Narrowband imaging colonoscopy with a transparent hood for diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the anal canal. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E183-4. [PMID: 20640982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oono Y, Fu K, Ohura M, Nakamura H, Iriguchi Y, Yamamura A, Oda J, Kishi D, Ikematsu H, Mizutani M. Natural progression of a nonpolypoid colon cancer: endoscopic morphological changes over 3 years. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E19-20. [PMID: 20073001 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Valdez MB, Mizutani M, Kinoshita K, Fujiwara A, Yazawa H, Yamagata T, Shimada K, Namikawa T. 112. DIFFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SEX-RELATED CHARACTERS OF THE GSP AND PNP/DO CHICKENS AFTER LEFT-OVARIECTOMY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/srb09abs112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the strain difference in the sex reversal of genetic female to phenotypic male, GSP and PNP/DO females were left ovariectomized (ovx) between one day to three days after hatching and the degree of masculinization based on sex-related characters, histological analysis of the right gonad and hormone assay were assessed at one year of age. The GSP and PNP/DO inbred lines were both derived from the Fayoumi breed and are only differentiated based on red blood cell antigens type carried by each of the inbred line. Comb and wattles were found to be significantly bigger (P < 0.05) in the GSP ovx compared to the PNP/DO ovx, although male plumage pattern were more pronounced in the PNP/DO ovx. Spurs were observed both in the GSP and PNP/DO ovx with no significant difference (P > 0.05) in length to the respective male controls and body weight were not significantly different (P > 0.05) to the female controls. The size of the right gonad were significantly bigger (P < 0.05) in the GSP ovx than the PNP/DO ovx. Positive correlations were found in the sex related characters as well as plasma testosterone level and the right gonad weight both in the GSP and PNP/DO ovx except for the spur length which resulted into a negative correlation in the PNP/DO ovx. Histological analysis revealed that the right gonad of PNP/DO ovx are morphologically developed compared to GSP ovx showing more advance stages of spermatogenesis. It could be inferred that PNP/DO females which exhibit hereditary persistent right oviduct, are more responsive to the masculinizing effect of ovariectomy compared to GSP females, suggesting that genetic background may have a possible contribution on the degree of masculinization and subsequent development of sex related characters.
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Mizutani M, Yamaguchi Y, Katayama S. Fatigue properties of laser weld in aluminium alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09507110802465076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fukushima H, Mizutani M, Imamura K, Morino K, Kobayashi J, Okumura K, Tsumoto K, Yoshimura T. Development of a Novel Preparation Method of Recombinant Proteoliposomes Using Baculovirus Gene Expression Systems. J Biochem 2008; 144:763-70. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ikeda H, Ishida Y, Seko S, Mizutani M. Significance of urine NMP22 in the screening of urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Arai YCP, Kandatsu N, Ito H, Sato Y, Satake Y, Mizutani M, Ushida T, Komatsu T. Induction and emergence behavior of children undergoing general anesthesia correlates with maternal salivary amylase activity before the anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:285-8. [PMID: 18005374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parents of the children who undergo surgery experience stress during the pre-anesthetic period. Such stress influences the mental status of their children, thereby inducing their pre-anesthetic anxiety and problematic behavior at emergence. Recently, measurement of salivary biomarkers was evaluated as stress biomarkers. Especially, alpha-amylase is utilized as an excellent index for psychological stress. In the present study, we tested whether salivary amylase activity of mothers before the surgery of their children correlates with the peri-operative children's behaviors. METHODS A total of 22 pairs of mothers and children were analyzed. Maternal salivary amylase activity was evaluated at the entrance of the operation room. The children underwent minor plastic surgery under general anesthesia, and induction and emergence behaviors were assessed. RESULTS The higher the maternal salivary amylase activity, the severer the children's induction anxiety (r(s)=-0.667, n=22, P<0.0001), and the higher the maternal amylase activity, the severer the children's emergence agitation (r(s)=0.705, n=22, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Induction and emergence behaviors of children undergoing general anesthesia significantly correlated with their respective maternal salivary amylase activity during the pre-anesthetic period.
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Tadano R, Nishibori M, Imamura Y, Matsuzaki M, Kinoshita K, Mizutani M, Namikawa T, Tsudzuki M. High genetic divergence in miniature breeds of Japanese native chickens compared to Red Junglefowl, as revealed by microsatellite analysis. Anim Genet 2008; 39:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arai YCP, Kato N, Matsura M, Ito H, Kandatsu N, Kurokawa S, Mizutani M, Shibata Y, Komatsu T. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the PC-5 and PC-6 acupoints reduced the severity of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:78-81. [PMID: 17959591 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Asakura Y, Kato N, Sato Y, Mizutani M, Fujiwara Y, Komatsu T. The attitude towards red blood cell transfusion for bleeding at childbirth in women. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:1402-3. [PMID: 17944647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ikeda H, Ishida Y, Seko S, Mizutani M. MP-04.08: Clinical evaluation of NMP22 in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shimada K, Valdez MB, Mizutani M, Namikawa T. Potential application of sperm bearing female-specific chromosome in chickens. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 117:240-7. [PMID: 17675865 DOI: 10.1159/000103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews studies on sex reversal experiments in chickens, production of sperm bearing a female-specific chromosome, its application for poultry resources and finally a mechanism of sex differentiation of gonads in the chicken.
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Kitase M, Mizutani M, Tomita H, Kono T, Sugie C, Shibamoto Y. Blunt renal trauma: Comparison of contrast-enhanced CT and angiographic findings and the usefulness of transcatheter arterial embolization. VASA 2007; 36:108-13. [PMID: 17708102 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526.36.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced CT and the usefulness of superselective embolization therapy in the management of arterial damage in patients with severe blunt renal trauma. Patients and methods: Nine cases of severe renal trauma were evaluated. In all cases, we compared contrast-enhanced CT findings with angiographic findings, and performed transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in six of them with microcoils and gelatin sponge particles. Morphological changes in the kidney and site of infarction after TAE were evaluated on follow-up CT. Chronological changes in blood biochemistry findings after injury, degree of anemia and renal function were investigated. Adverse effects or complications such as duration of hematuria, fever, abdominal pain, renovascular hypertension and abscess formation were also evaluated. Results: The CT finding of extravasation was a reliable sign of active bleeding and useful for determining the indication of TAE. In all cases, bleeding was effectively controlled with superselective embolization. There was minimal procedure-related loss of renal tissue. None of the patients developed abscess, hypertension or other complications. Conclusions: In blunt renal injury, contrast-enhanced CT was useful for diagnosing arterial hemorrhage. Arterial bleeding may produce massive hematoma and TAE was a useful treatment for such cases. By using selective TAE for a bleeding artery, it was possible to minimize renal parenchymal damage, with complications of TAE rarely seen.
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Miwa M, Inoue-Murayama M, Aoki H, Kunisada T, Hiragaki T, Mizutani M, Ito S. Endothelin receptor B2 (EDNRB2) is associated with the panda plumage colour mutation in Japanese quail. Anim Genet 2007; 38:103-8. [PMID: 17313575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The panda mutant in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) displays spots of wild-type plumage on a white background and is controlled by an autosomal recessive allele (s). The dotted white is controlled by a third allele (s(dw)) of the s locus with s(dw)/s(dw) quail having less pigmentation than s/s quail. We mapped the s locus to the Japanese quail chromosome 4 (CJA04) in a previous study. The orthologous region of the chicken (Gallus gallus) genome includes endothelin receptor B2 (EDNRB2), an avian-specific paralog of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB). EDNRB mutations in mammals retard the migration of neural crest cells (NCCs), which results in a spotted coat colour and an enteric nervous defect. In the present study, we investigated the association between the s locus and EDNRB2 in Japanese quail. Sequence comparison among transcripts from livers of wild-type, panda and dotted white quail revealed a nucleotide substitution (c.995G>A) leading to a p.R332H amino acid change that was specific to panda, whereas no amino acid substitution was found in dotted white birds. The amino acid position 332 is located in the sixth transmembrane domain and is highly conserved in both avian and mammalian endothelin receptors. The A allele at nucleotide position 995 was specific to panda (s/s) birds among 10 strains, and was mapped to the same chromosomal region as the s locus. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that EDNRB2 transcripts were reduced in both panda and dotted white mutants compared with wild-type. However, there was no difference between the early embryos of wild-type and panda with respect to the migration of NCCs. The genetic association of EDNRB2 with plumage colour in birds was found for the first time in this study.
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Katayama S, Uchiumi S, Mizutani M, Wang J, Fujii K. Penetration and porosity prevention mechanism in YAG laser-MIG hybrid welding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1533/wint.2007.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ikeda H, Seko S, Kanaoka R, Oki M, Mizutani M, Matsuki S, Sonobe H. UP-03.31. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morikawa T, Mizutani M, Ohta D. Cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP710A genes encode sterol C-22 desaturase in plants. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:1202-5. [PMID: 17073785 DOI: 10.1042/bst0341202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sterols are isoprenoid-derived lipids that are produced via the mevalonate pathway and are involved in various cellular functions in eukaryotes such as maintenance of membrane integrity and biosynthetic precursors of steroid hormones. Among cellular sterols, Δ22-sterols containing a double bond at C-22 in the sterol side chain specifically occur in fungi (ergosterol) and plants (stigmasterol and brassicasterol), and several lines of experimental evidence have suggested specific physiological roles of Δ22-sterols in plants. Fungal cytochrome P450 (P450), CYP61, has been established as the sterol C-22 desaturase functioning at the penultimate step in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. On the other hand, no particular sequence has been assigned as to the enzyme responsible for the introduction of the double bond into the sterol side chain in plants. In this review, we summarize our recent findings demonstrating that CYP710A P450 family genes encode the plant sterol C-22 desaturases to produce stigmasterol and brassicasterol/crinosterol from β-sitosterol and 24-epi-campesterol respectively.
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