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Eguchi M, Kariya S, Okano M, Higaki T, Makihara S, Fujiwara T, Nagata K, Hirai H, Narumiya S, Nakamura M, Nishizaki K. Lipopolysaccharide induces proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in experimental otitis media through the prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP)-dependent pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:260-9. [PMID: 21166666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media is one of the most common and intractable ear diseases, and is the major cause of hearing loss, especially in children. Multiple factors affect the onset or development of otitis media. Prostaglandin D₂ is the major prostanoid involved in infection and allergy. However, the role of prostaglandin D₂ and prostaglandin D2 receptors on the pathogenesis of otitis media remains to be determined. Recent studies show that D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) are major prostaglandin D₂ receptors. In this study, homozygous DP single gene-deficient (DP⁻(/)⁻) mice, CRTH2 single gene-deficient (CRTH2⁻(/)⁻) mice and DP/CRTH2 double gene-deficient (DP⁻(/)⁻ CRTH2⁻(/)⁻) mice were used to investigate the role of prostaglandin D₂ and its receptors in otitis media. We demonstrate that prostaglandin D₂ is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacteria, and that transtympanic injection of prostaglandin D₂ up-regulates macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the middle ear. We also show that middle ear inflammatory reactions, including infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of MIP-2, IL-1β and IL-6 induced by LPS, are reduced significantly in DP⁻(/)⁻ mice and DP⁻(/)⁻ CRTH2⁻(/)⁻ mice. CRTH2⁻(/)⁻ mice display inflammatory reactions similar to wild-type mice. These findings indicate that prostaglandin D₂ may play significant roles in LPS-induced experimental otitis media via DP.
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Okano M, Fujiwara T, Haruna T, Kariya S, Makihara S, Higaki T, Nishizaki K. Role of fungal antigens in eosinophilia-associated cellular responses in nasal polyps: a comparison with enterotoxin. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 41:171-8. [PMID: 21039976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi and/or Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) may participate in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Objective We sought to determine the effects of fungal antigens on eosinophilia-associated cellular responses in nasal polyps. METHODS Dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) were prepared from 13 patients with CRSwNP. DNPCs were cultured with fungal extracts (Aspergillus, Alternaria and Candida) or SEB for 72 h, after which the levels of IL-5, IL-13 and RANTES were measured within the supernatant. Responses to β-d-glucan, mannan and chitin were also examined. RESULTS 38.5%, 69.2% and 30.8% of DNPCs produced IL-5, IL-13 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200 μg/mL of Aspergillus. 53.8%, 53.8% and 7.7% of DNPCs produced IL-5, IL-13 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200 μg/mL of Alternaria. 53.8%, 38.5% and 15.4% of DNPCs produced IL-5, IL-13 and RANTES, respectively, in response to 200 μg/mL of Candida. All DNPCs produced these cytokines in response to 0.1 μg/mL of SEB. SEB induced significantly greater cytokine levels than the fungal extracts. No correlation between cytokine production following exposure to each of the fungal extracts or SEB and various clinical features, including nasal polyp eosinophilia and radiological severity of sinusitis was observed. Neither sensitization to fungus nor comorbidity with bronchial asthma was correlated with the fungal extract-induced cytokine production by DNPCs. β-d-glucan, mannan and chitin did not induce significant cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, although DNPCs produce IL-5, IL-13 and RANTES in response to fungal extracts, fungal antigens including major carbohydrates are less capable of inducing eosinophilia-associated cellular responses in nasal polyps than SEB.
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Okano M. Mechanisms and clinical implications of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:164-73. [PMID: 19737138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a common airway disease characterized by hypersensitivity, exudation, hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration and remodelling. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are the most effective drugs for controlling the inflammation caused by allergic rhinitis. Glucocorticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory effects through at least two pathways: the transactivation pathway and the transrepression pathway. Glucocorticosteroids also exert regulatory functions by inducing regulatory cytokines and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3(+)) regulatory T cells. Evidence suggests that intranasal glucocorticosteroids control not only nasal symptoms but also ocular symptoms. In contrast to sedating H1 receptor antagonists, intranasal glucocorticosteroids can improve impaired performance symptoms, such as daytime sleepiness, associated with allergic rhinitis. Recent studies suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might also be useful for the prophylactic treatment of pollinosis; this possibility is supported by the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticosteroids. These findings suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might be positioned as first-line drugs for the treatment of both perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Tsuchiya H, Enoto T, Torii T, Nakazawa K, Yuasa T, Torii S, Fukuyama T, Yamaguchi T, Kato H, Okano M, Takita M, Makishima K. Observation of an energetic radiation burst from mountain-top thunderclouds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:255003. [PMID: 19659086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During thunderstorms on 20 September 2008, a simultaneous detection of gamma rays and electrons was made at a mountain observatory in Japan located 2770 m above sea level. Both emissions, lasting 90 sec, were associated with thunderclouds rather than lightning. The photon spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting of bremsstrahlung gamma rays arriving from a source which is 60-130 m in distance at 90% confidence level. The observed electrons are likely to be dominated by a primary population escaping from an acceleration region in the clouds.
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Okano M, Okano M. Japanese consumers’ “food selection criteria” dimension. Appetite 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Okano M, Otsuki N, Azuma M, Fujiwara T, Kariya S, Sugata Y, Higaki T, Kino K, Tanimoto Y, Okubo K, Nishizaki K. Allergen-specific immunotherapy alters the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator, a co-inhibitory molecule, in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1891-900. [PMID: 19016801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7/CD28 family co-signalling molecules play a key role in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) alters allergen-specific T cell responses. However, the effect of SIT on the expression of various co-signalling molecules has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether SIT might affect the expression of three co-inhibitory molecules, programmed death (PD)-1, B7-H1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), in Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from JCP patients who had or had not received SIT. PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of Cry j 1, after which the cell surface expression of PD-1, B7-H1 and BTLA, as well as IL-5 production, were determined. In addition, the effect of BTLA cross-linking on IL-5 production was examined. RESULTS After Cry j 1 stimulation, no significant differences in PD-1 and B7-H1 expression were observed between SIT-treated and SIT-untreated patients. BTLA expression was down-regulated in untreated patients after Cry j 1 stimulation and up-regulated in SIT-treated patients. Up-regulation of BTLA in SIT-treated patients was particularly apparent in a CD4(+) T cell subset. IL-5 production was clearly reduced among SIT-treated patients, and the observed changes in BTLA expression correlated negatively with IL-5 production. Moreover, immobilization of BTLA suppressed IL-5 production in JCP patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that both IL-5 production and down-regulation of BTLA in response to allergen are inhibited in SIT-treated patients with JCP. BTLA-mediated co-inhibition of IL-5 production may contribute to the regulation of allergen-specific T cell responses in patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Kariya S, Okano M, Fukushima K, Nomiya S, Kataoka Y, Nomiya R, Akagi H, Nishizaki K. Expression of inflammatory mediators in the otitis media induced by Helicobacter pylori antigen in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 154:134-40. [PMID: 18727622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is recognized as one of the key factors in gastric diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Recent studies have shown relationships between H. pylori and extra-digestive diseases, and the presence of H. pylori in the middle ear and upper respiratory tract has been reported. However, the role of H. pylori in middle ear disease remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that H. pylori whole-cell protein directly induces macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in middle ear epithelium in mice, and severe proliferation of inflammatory cells was observed in middle ear cavity inoculated with H. pylori whole-cell protein. In addition, trans-tympanic injection of macrophage migration inhibitory factor up-regulated expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 in the middle ear. These findings indicate that H. pylori infection causes immunological inflammation in middle ear epithelium, and H. pylori may play a significant role in otitis media.
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Okano M. Current status of intranasal glucocorticosteroids in the management of allergic rhinitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-9733.2008.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sunagawa K, Hashimoto T, Izuno M, Hashizume N, Okano M, Nagamine I, Hirata T, Shinjo A. An intravenous replenishment of salivary components decrease water intake and increases feed intake in freely drinking large-type goats fed on dry forage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas07104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research utilized two treatments to investigate if feed intake is reduced by changes in humoral factors induced by dry forage feeding in large-type goats given free access to water. In the control treatment (NI), a solution was not infused. The artificial parotid saliva i.v. infusion (ASI) treatment consisted of an i.v. infusion of artificial parotid saliva in order to replenish NaHCO3 and fluids lost from the blood to the rumen due to increased saliva secretion volume during initial stages of dry forage feeding. The ASI treatment significantly mitigated the decreases in circulating plasma volume caused by saliva secretion. Thirst was lower in the ASI-treated group, as indicated by the lower water intake (NI, 3894 mL 2 h-1; ASI, 3100 mL 2 h-1). Decreases with time in dry forage intake were significantly reduced by the ASI treatment (2134g 2 h-1) compared with the NI control (1756 g 2 h-1). These results indicate that under free drinking conditions, dry forage intake of large-type goats may likely be suppressed by the decrease in plasma volume and increase in water intake following saliva secretion during the initial stages of feeding. Key words: Dry forage intake, water intake, large-type goat
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Sunagawa K, Hashimoto T, Izuno M, Hashizume N, Okano M, Nagamine I, Hirata T. An Intravenous Replenishment of Salivary Components and Dry Forage Intake in Freely Drinking Large-type Goats. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.70292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Murai K, Okano M, Kuramitz H, Hata N, Kawakami T, Taguchi S. Investigation of formaldehyde pollution of tap water and rain water using a novel visual colorimetry. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2008; 58:1055-1060. [PMID: 18824804 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of tap water and rain water with formaldehyde in Toyama Pref., Japan was investigated by means of a simple, rapid and cost-effective visual colorimetry developed by us. The levels of formaldehyde in three tap waters from different sources of dams on mountainside and a well-water pumped in urban area in Toyama Pref. were lower than 0.01 mg L(-1) that was the detection limit of the colorimetry. On the other hand, rain waters were seriously polluted with formaldehyde. Rain waters were sampled from three different sites (urban area, top of hill and industrial area) in Toyama Pref. from autumn to winter in 2006. The levels of formaldehyde in the rain waters ranged from 0.07 to 0.30 mg L(-1). The analytical results by the visual colorimetry were in good agreement with those obtained by GC-MS method. It was confirmed that the colorimetry is excellent for practical use for the determination of formaldehyde. It must be concerned about the pollution of rainwater with formaldehyde, when rain water is applied for tap water and miscellaneous purpose.
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Isoshima T, Okano M, Yasuda H, Kasa K, Huhtamäki JAM, Kumakura M, Takahashi Y. Spontaneous splitting of a quadruply charged vortex. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:200403. [PMID: 18233124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the splitting instability of a quadruply charged vortex both experimentally and theoretically. The density defect, which is a signature of the vortex core, is experimentally observed to deform into a linear shape. The deformed defect is theoretically confirmed to be an array of four linearly aligned singly charged vortices. The array of vortices rotates and precesses simultaneously with different angular velocities. The initial state of the system is not rotationally symmetric, which enables spontaneous splitting without external perturbations.
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Tsuchiya H, Enoto T, Yamada S, Yuasa T, Kawaharada M, Kitaguchi T, Kokubun M, Kato H, Okano M, Nakamura S, Makishima K. Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter thunderclouds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:165002. [PMID: 17995261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A report is made on a comprehensive observation of a burstlike gamma-ray emission from thunderclouds on the Sea of Japan, during strong thunderstorms on 6 January 2007. The detected emission, lasting for approximately 40 sec, preceded cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. The burst spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting of bremsstrahlung photons originating from relativistic electrons. This ground-based observation provides the first clear evidence that strong electric fields in thunderclouds can continuously accelerate electrons beyond 10 MeV prior to lightning discharges.
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Yoshita M, Liu SM, Okano M, Hayamizu Y, Akiyama H, Pfeiffer LN, West KW. T-shaped GaAs quantum-wire lasers and the exciton Mott transition. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:295217. [PMID: 21483069 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/29/295217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
T-shaped GaAs quantum-wire (T-wire) lasers fabricated by the cleaved-edge overgrowth method with molecular beam epitaxy on the interface improved by a growth-interrupt high-temperature anneal are measured to study the laser device physics and fundamental many-body physics in clean one-dimensional (1D) systems. A current-injection T-wire laser that has 20 periods of T-wires in the active region and a 0.5 mm long cavity with high-reflection coatings shows a low threshold current of 0.27 mA at 30 K. The origin of the laser gain above the lasing threshold is studied with the high-quality T-wire lasers by means of optical pumping. The lasing energy is about 5 meV below the photoluminescence (PL) peak of free excitons, and is on the electron-hole (e-h) plasma PL band at a high e-h carrier density. The observed energy shift excludes the laser gain due to free excitons, and it suggests a contribution from the e-h plasma instead. A systematic micro-PL study reveals that the PL evolves with the e-h density from a sharp exciton peak, via a biexciton peak, to an e-h-plasma PL band. The data demonstrate an important role of biexcitons in the exciton Mott transition. Comparison with microscopic theories points out some problems in the picture of the exciton Mott transition.
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Okano M, Fujiwara T, Yamamoto M, Sugata Y, Matsumoto R, Fukushima K, Yoshino T, Shimizu K, Eguchi N, Kiniwa M, Urade Y, Nishizaki K. Role of prostaglandin D2 and E2 terminal synthases in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:1028-38. [PMID: 16911359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin (PG)D(2) and E(2), two major cyclooxygenase (COX) products, are generated by PGD(2) synthase (PGDS) and PGE(2) synthase (PGES), respectively, and appear to mediate airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of PGDS and PGES in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS The study examined the expression of PGDS and PGES in nasal polyps of 22 CRS patients. As controls, uncinate process mucosae were obtained from 12 CRS patients not having nasal polyps and five subjects without sinusitis. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression. RESULTS Both PGDS and PGES were detected in nasal polyps by immunohistochemistry. Significantly greater levels of PGDS mRNA and lesser levels of PGES mRNA were observed in the nasal polyps as compared with uncinate process mucosae, and an inverse correlation between PGDS and PGES expression was observed. Levels of PGDS mRNA in nasal polyps were positively correlated with degree of infiltration by EG2+ eosinophils, whereas the levels of PGES were inversely correlated. Significantly increased levels of PGDS and conversely decreased levels of PGES were observed in asthmatics as compared with non-asthmatics. In addition, PGDS and PGES levels were positively and inversely correlated with the radiological severity of sinusitis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PGDS and PGES display an opposite and important role in the pathophysiology of CRS such as polyp formation, and more specifically, a biased expression of these synthases might contribute to the development of CRS by affecting eosinophilic inflammation.
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Yamada M, Kobayashi I, Kawamura N, Okano M, Sakiyama Y, Kobayashi K, Sasaki F, Quang Z. Color Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in a sick child. Acta Paediatr 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okano M, Fujiwara T, Yamamoto M, Hattori H, Nishizaki K, Sugata Y, Urade Y. Role Of Prostaglandin D2 And E2 Terminal Synthases In Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kanayama R, Oka K, Fukunaga M, Tomisawa H, Takahashi Y, Okano M, Hakozaki H. Spindle cell carcinoma arising in the pharynx, with granulocytosis and high serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor titre. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2006; 121:597-600. [PMID: 17147842 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215107005117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 67-year-old man with a left pharyngeal tumour, whose peripheral blood showed granulocytosis (white blood cell count, 58 300/μl) and a high serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor titre (184 pg/ml). The tumour showed pleomorphic proliferation of atypical spindle cells in a myxomatous stroma, revealing a sarcomatous pattern. The spindle-shaped neoplastic cells had irregularly shaped nuclei, a thick nuclear membrane, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. They strongly expressed wide-spectrum keratin, cytokeratins (CAM5.2, MNF116), vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor. A few neoplastic cells expressed granulocyte colony stimulating factor. A spindle cell carcinoma was diagnosed. This may be the first documented case of a granulocyte colony stimulating factor producing cancer arising in the pharynx. The patient died four months after the initial symptoms appeared.
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Kobayashi I, Kawamura N, Okano M, Sageshima S, Nakayama T, Ohyu J, Kobayashi K. Thrombocytopaenia in juvenile dermatomyositis. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35:79-80. [PMID: 16467051 DOI: 10.1080/03009740510018642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Uchikawa Y, Okano M, Sawada A, Asada Y, Kobayashi H, Wada A, Nao-i N, Ohkura M, Tanaka N, Yamamoto R. RELAXANT EFFECT OF ADRENOMEDULLIN ON BOVINE ISOLATED IRIS SPHINCTER MUSCLE UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 32:675-80. [PMID: 16120196 DOI: 10.1111/j.0305-1870.2005.04249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The mechanisms involved in the fine adjustment of iris sphincter muscle tone are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of adrenomedullin on the resting tension of the bovine isolated iris sphincter muscle. 2. The motor activity of the bovine isolated iris sphincter muscle was measured isometrically. The effects of adrenomedullin on resting tension were analysed in the presence of indomethacin. The presence of adrenomedullin mRNA in the preparation was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunolabelling for adrenomedullin was also performed. 3. Adrenomedullin significantly decreased the resting tension of the muscle. The relaxant effect of adrenomedullin was significantly inhibited by adrenomedullin (22-52), a putative antagonist for the adrenomedullin receptor, or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (8-37), a putative antagonist for the CGRP1 receptor. The relaxant effect was almost completely blocked by a combination of adrenomedullin (22-52) and CGRP (8-37). 4. The relaxant effect of adrenomedullin was also significantly diminished by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. 5. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that adrenomedullin mRNA was expressed in the muscle strip. Immunopositive staining for adrenomedullin was detected in blood vessel cells and in the iris sphincter muscle cells. 6. These results suggest that adrenomedullin may be an autocrine and paracrine regulator of the resting tension of the iris sphincter muscle. Its biological effects may be due to the direct involvement of adrenomedullin receptors and also to the stimulation of CGRP1 receptors. The stimulation of these receptors by the peptide leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and soluble guanylate cyclase and subsequent relaxation of the muscle strip.
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Okano M, Hattori H, Yoshino T, Sugata Y, Yamamoto M, Fujiwara T, Satoskar AA, Satoskar AR, Nishizaki K. Nasal exposure to Staphylococcal enterotoxin enhances the development of allergic rhinitis in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:506-14. [PMID: 15836761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, little is known whether the nasal exposure to SE affects the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the in vivo effect of nasal exposure to SE on the development of AR using mouse model. METHODS BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SmEA) in the presence or absence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Control mice were intranasally sensitized with either SEB or SmEA alone. The production of antigen-specific antibodies including IgE, nasal eosinoplilia and cytokines by nasal mononuclear cells was compared among mice that had or had not received SEB treatment. RESULTS Nasal exposure to SEB enhanced the development of AR in SmEA-sensitized mice, as manifested by SmEA-specific IgE production, nasal eosinophilia, and IL-4 and IL-5 production by nasal mononuclear cells after Ag challenge. This treatment also elicited IFN-gamma production by SmEA-primed cells. In addition, these mice produced SEB-specific IgE whereas mice treated with SEB without SmEA sensitization did not produce SEB-specific IgE or demonstrate nasal eosinophilia. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the nasal exposure to SEB enhances susceptibility to AR although the exposure to SE solely does not induce AR.
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Takishita T, Okano M, Takahashi K, Yoshino T, Sugata Y, Hattori H, Ohuchi S, Ogawa T, Nishizaki K. Characterization of allergen-specific monocyte-derived dendritic cells generated from monocytes by a single-step procedure: effect on naïve and memory T cells. Allergy 2005; 60:211-7. [PMID: 15647043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells are one of the most potent antigen-presenting cells and when pulsed with allergen can modulate allergen-specific T-cell responses. We sought to establish a single-step method by which to generate allergen-specific monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). METHODS Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-prepulsed MoDCs were generated from monocytes by culturing with Df in the presence interleukin (IL)-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha simultaneously. Df-prepulsed MoDC were incubated with autologous naive and memory T cells in the absence of recall antigen, then proliferation and cytokine production by T cells was determined. RESULTS Generation of allergen-prepulsed MoDCs was confirmed by examining expression of surface molecules. Df-prepulsed MoDC selectively induced proliferation of Df-specific T cells in the absence of recall antigen. Under these conditions, Df-prepulsed MoDCs augmented but did not alter the cytokine production profile. In addition, Df-prepulsed MoDCs activated naive T cells leading to proliferation and selective production of IFN-gamma in allergic patients but not in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Df-prepulsed MoDC generated from monocytes by a simple single-step manipulation can induce Df-specific cellular responses from both naive and memory T cells in the absence of recall antigen, and these cells potentially can be utilized as immune adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Okano M, Kimura Y, Kino K, Michigami Y, Sakamoto S, Sugata Y, Maeda M, Matsuda F, Kimura M, Ogawa T, Nishizaki K. Roles of major oligosaccharides on Cry j 1 in human immunoglobulin E and T cell responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:770-8. [PMID: 15144470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that carbohydrates in Cry j 1, the major allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen, play a major role in promoting Cry j 1-specific Th2 response. However, little is known as to whether the carbohydrates directly participate in allergic responses. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether Cry j 1-related oligosaccharides function as IgE and/or T cell epitopes. In addition, the regulatory effect of Cry j 1-related oligosaccharide on Cry j 1-specific T cell responses was investigated. METHODS Two monovalent oligosaccharides largely found on Cry j 1, Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-3)(Xylbeta1-2)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (M3FX), and GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3)(Xylbeta1-2)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (GN2M3FX) were prepared. Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-3)Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc (M9A) was used as control. Competitive inhibition ELISA for Cry j 1-specific IgE was performed using these oligosaccharides as inhibitors. In addition, T cell lines specific for Cry j 1 or purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tubecurosis (PPD) were established, and cellular responses against these oligosaccharides were investigated in the presence or absence of the respective antigens. RESULTS Overall, neither M3FX nor GN2M3FX displayed inhibitory effect on the binding between IgE and Cry j 1. In addition, M3FX did not by itself stimulate Cry j 1 or PPD-specific T cells. However, M3FX significantly inhibited Cry j 1-induced proliferation and IL-4 production in Cry j 1-specific T cells. Such an inhibitory effect was not seen in PPD-specific T cell responses. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Cry j 1-related oligosaccharides are not major epitopes for IgE or T cells. However, these oligosaccharides have a novel potential to inhibit Cry j 1-specific T cell responses selectively.
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Kaneda M, Sado T, Hata K, Okano M, Tsujimoto N, Li E, Sasaki H. Role of de novo DNA methyltransferases in initiation of genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2004; 69:125-9. [PMID: 16117641 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2004.69.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Murasugi E, Koie H, Okano M, Watanabe T, Asano R. Histological reactions to microchip implants in dogs. Vet Rec 2003; 153:328-30. [PMID: 14516115 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.11.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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