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Manfredini N, Scibona E, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D, Sponchioni M. 110th Anniversary: Fast and Easy-to-Use Method for Coating Tissue Culture Polystyrene Surfaces with Nonfouling Copolymers To Prevent Cell Adhesion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Narayanan H, Luna MF, Stosch M, Cruz Bournazou MN, Polotti G, Morbidelli M, Butté A, Sokolov M. Bioprocessing in the Digital Age: The Role of Process Models. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900172. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bielser JM, Chappuis L, Xiao Y, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Perfusion cell culture for the production of conjugated recombinant fusion proteins reduces clipping and quality heterogeneity compared to batch-mode processes. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ulmer N, Ristanovic D, Morbidelli M. Process for Continuous Fab Production by Digestion of IgG. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800677. [PMID: 31169346 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intensified processing and end-to-end integrated continuous manufacturing are increasingly being considered in bioprocessing as an alternative to the current batch-based technologies. Similar approaches can also be used at later stages of the production chain, such as in the post-translational modifications that are often considered for therapeutic proteins. In this work, a process to intensify the enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the purification of the resulting Fab fragment is developed. The process consists of the integration of a continuous packed-bed reactor into a multicolumn chromatographic process. The integration is realized through the development of a novel multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process, which, by adding a third column to the classical two-column MCSGP process, allows for continuous loading and then straight-through processing of the mixture leaving the reactor.
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Narayanan H, Sokolov M, Morbidelli M, Butté A. A new generation of predictive models: The added value of hybrid models for manufacturing processes of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2540-2549. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Hajduk J, Wolf M, Steinhoff R, Karst D, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M, Zenobi R. Monitoring of antibody glycosylation pattern based on microarray MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:77-84. [PMID: 31260704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.06.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biologically manufactured monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can strongly vary in their efficacy and affinity. Therefore, engineering and production of the mAb is highly regulated and requires product monitoring, especially in terms of N-glycosylation patterns. In this work, we present a high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) method based on a microarray technology to monitor N-glycopeptides of IgG1 produced in a perfusion cell culture. A bottom-up approach combined with zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for sample purification was used to determine the day-by-day variation of the terminal galactose within two major N-glycoforms. Our results show that microarrays for mass spectrometry (MAMS) are a robust platform for the rapid determination of the carbohydrate distribution. The spectral repeatability is characterized by a low coefficient of variations (1.7% and 7.1% for the FA2 and FA2G1 structures, respectively) and allows to detect the N-glycosylation variability resulting from operating conditions during the bioreactor process. The observed trend of released N-glycans was confirmed using capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Therefore, the microarray technology is a promising analytical tool for glycosylation control during the production process of recombinant proteins.
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Ulmer N, Vogg S, Müller-Späth T, Morbidelli M. Purification of Human Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Fragments. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1904:163-188. [PMID: 30539470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8958-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the most common chromatographic mAb and mAb fragment purification methods, starting by elucidating the relevant properties of the compounds and introducing the various chromatography modes that are available and useful for this application. A focus is put on the capture step affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Aspects of scalability play an important role in judging the suitability of the methods. The chapter introduces also analytical chromatographic methods that can be utilized for quantification and purity control of the product. In the case of mAbs, for most purposes the purity obtained using an affinity capture step is sufficient. Polishing steps are required if material of particularly high purity needs to be generated. For mAb fragments, affinity chromatography is not yet fully established, and the capture step potentially may not provide material of high purity. Therefore, the available polishing techniques are touched upon briefly. In the case of mAb isoform and bispecific antibody purification, countercurrent chromatography techniques have proven to be very useful and a part of this chapter has been dedicated to them, paying tribute to the rising interest in these antibody formats in research and industry.
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Klaue A, Kruck M, Binel P, Friederichs N, Bertola F, Wu H, Morbidelli M. Ziegler–Natta catalyst sonofragmentation for controlling size and size distribution of the produced polymer particles. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Feidl F, Garbellini S, Vogg S, Sokolov M, Souquet J, Broly H, Butté A, Morbidelli M. A new flow cell and chemometric protocol for implementing in‐line Raman spectroscopy in chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2847. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Wolf MKF, Müller A, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Process design and development of a mammalian cell perfusion culture in shake‐tube and benchtop bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1973-1985. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Lorenz M, Paganini C, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Macroporous Polymer⁻Protein Hybrid Materials for Antibody Purification by Combination of Reactive Gelation and Click-Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1580. [PMID: 31091797 PMCID: PMC6566266 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Clickable core-shell nanoparticles based on poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-vinylbenzylazide) have been synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The 38 nm sized particles have been swollen by divinyl benzene (DVB) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) and subsequently processed under high shear rates in a Z-shaped microchannel giving macroporous microclusters (100 µm), through the reactive gelation process. The obtained clusters were post-functionalized by "click-chemistry" with propargyl-PEG-NHS-ester and propargylglicidyl ether, yielding epoxide or NHS-ester activated polymer supports for bioconjugation. Macroporous affinity materials for antibody capturing were produced by immobilizing recombinant Staphylococcus aureus protein A on the polymeric support. Coupling chemistry exploiting thiol-epoxide ring-opening reactions with cysteine-containing protein A revealed up to three times higher binding capacities compared to the protein without cysteine. Despite the lower binding capacities compared to commercial affinity phases, the produced polymer-protein hybrids can serve as stationary phases for immunoglobulin affinity chromatography as the materials revealed superior intra-particle mass transports.
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Bertrand V, Karst DJ, Bachmann A, Cantalupo K, Soos M, Morbidelli M. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of steady-state in a perfusion CHO cell culture process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1959-1972. [PMID: 30997936 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term continuous protein production can be reached by perfusion operation. Through the continuous removal of waste metabolites and supply of nutrients, steady-state (SS) conditions are achieved after a certain transient period, where the conditions inside the reactor are not only uniform in space but also constant in time. Such stable conditions may have beneficial influences on the reduction of product heterogeneities. In this study, we investigated the impact of perfusion cultivation on the intracellular physiological state of a CHO cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) by global transcriptomics and proteomics. Despite stable viable cell density was maintained right from the beginning of the cultivation time, productivity decrease, and a transition phase for metabolites and product quality was observed before reaching SS conditions. These were traced back to three sources of transient behaviors being hydrodynamic flow rates, intracellular dynamics of gene expression as well as metabolism and cell line instability, superimposing each other. However, 99.4% of all transcripts and proteins reached SS during the first week or were at SS from the beginning. These results demonstrate that the stable extracellular conditions of perfusion lead to SS also of the cellular level.
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Vogg S, Ulmer N, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Intrinsic Process Parameters on the Performance of a Continuous Chromatographic Polishing Unit (MCSGP). Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800732. [PMID: 30927513 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The semicontinuous twin-column multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process improves the trade-off between purity and yield encountered in traditional batch chromatography, while its complexity, in terms of hardware requirements and process design, is reduced in comparison to process variants using more columns. In this study, the MCSGP process is experimentally characterized, specifically with respect to its unique degrees of freedom, i.e., the four switching times, which alternate the columns between interconnected and batch states. By means of isolation of the main charge isoform of an antibody, it is shown that purity is determined by the selection of the product collection window with negligible influence from the recycle phases. In addition, the amount of weak and strong impurities can be specifically attributed to the start and end of the collection, respectively. Due to higher abundance of weakly adsorbing impurities, the start of product collection influences productivity and yield more than the other switching times. Furthermore, most of the encountered tendencies scale between different loadings. The found trends can be rationalized from the corresponding batch chromatogram and therefore used during process design to obtain desirable process performances without extensive trial-and-error experimentation or complete model development and calibration.
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Narayanan H, Sokolov M, Butté A, Morbidelli M. Decision Tree-PLS (DT-PLS) algorithm for the development of process: Specific local prediction models. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2818. [PMID: 30969466 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a novel multivariate statistical algorithm, Decision Tree-PLS (DT-PLS), to improve the prediction and understanding of dynamic processes based on local partial least square regression (PLSR) models for characteristic process groups defined based on Decision Tree (DT) analysis. The DT-PLS algorithm is successfully applied to two different cell culture data sets, one obtained from bioreactors of 3.5 L lab scale and the other obtained from the 15 ml ambr microbioreactor system. Substantial improvement in the predictive capabilities of the model can be achieved based on the localization compared to the classical PLSR approach, which is implemented in the commercially available packages. Additionally, the differences in the model parameters of the local models suggest that the governing process variables vary for the different process regimes indicating the different states of the cell under different process conditions.
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Bielser JM, Domaradzki J, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Semi-continuous scale-down models for clone and operating parameter screening in perfusion bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2790. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Papathanasiou MM, Burnak B, Katz J, Müller-Späth T, Morbidelli M, Shah N, Pistikopoulos EN. Control of Small-Scale Chromatographic Systems Under Disturbances. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818597-1.50043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Klaue A, Kruck M, Friederichs N, Bertola F, Wu H, Morbidelli M. Insight into the Synthesis Process of an Industrial Ziegler–Natta Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Ferrari R, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D. Polymer nanoparticles for the intravenous delivery of anticancer drugs: the checkpoints on the road from the synthesis to clinical translation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22701-22719. [PMID: 30512025 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05933k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review article we discuss some of the key aspects concerning the development of a polymer-based nanoparticle formulation for intravenous drug delivery. Since numerous preparations fail before and during clinical trials, our aim is to emphasize the main issues that a nanocarrier has to face once injected into the body. These include biocompatibility and toxicity, drug loading and release, nanoparticle storage and stability, biodistribution, selectivity towards the target organs or tissues, internalization in cells and biodegradability. They represent the main checkpoints to define a polymer-based formulation as safe and effective. Indeed, this review is intended to provide guidelines to be followed in the early development of a new nanotherapeutic to hopefully increase the success rate of polymer-based formulations entering clinical trials. The corresponding requirements and characteristics are discussed in the context of some relevant case studies taken from the literature and mainly related to the delivery of lipophilic anticancer therapeutics.
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Vogg S, Müller-Späth T, Morbidelli M. Current status and future challenges in continuous biochromatography. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Caimi S, Klaue A, Wu H, Morbidelli M. Effect of SiO₂ Nanoparticles on the Performance of PVdF-HFP/Ionic Liquid Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E926. [PMID: 30413021 PMCID: PMC6267017 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Safety concerns related to the use of potentially explosive, liquid organic electrolytes in commercial high-power lithium-ion batteries are constantly rising. One promising alternative is to use thermally stable ionic liquids (ILs) as conductive media, which are however, limited by low ionic conductivity at room temperature. This can be improved by adding fillers, such as silica or alumina nanoparticles (NPs), in the polymer matrix that hosts the IL. To maximize the effect of such NPs, they have to be uniformly dispersed in the matrix while keeping their size as small as possible. In this work, starting from a water dispersion of silica NPs, we present a novel method to incorporate silica NPs at the nanoscale level (<200 nm) into PVdF-HFP polymer clusters, which are then blended with the IL solution and hot-pressed to form separators suitable for battery applications. The effect of different amounts of silica in the polymer matrix on the ionic conductivity and cyclability of the separator is investigated. A membrane containing 10 wt.% of silica (with respect to the polymer) was shown to maximize the performance of the separator, with a room temperature ionic conductivity of of 1.22 mS cm - 1 . The assembled half-coin cell with LiFePO 4 and Li as the cathode and the anode exhibited a capacity retention of more than 80% at a current density of 2C and 60 ∘ C.
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Baur D, Angelo J, Chollangi S, Müller-Späth T, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Morbidelli M. Model-assisted process characterization and validation for a continuous two-column protein A capture process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:87-98. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Wolf MK, Lorenz V, Karst DJ, Souquet J, Broly H, Morbidelli M. Development of a shake tube‐based scale‐down model for perfusion cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2703-2713. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Capasso Palmiero U, Morosi L, Lupi M, Ponzo M, Frapolli R, Zucchetti M, Ubezio P, Morbidelli M, D'Incalci M, Bello E, Moscatelli D. Self-Assembling PCL-Based Nanoparticles as PTX Solubility Enhancer Excipients. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800164. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Rosenboom JG, Hohl DK, Fleckenstein P, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Bottle-grade polyethylene furanoate from ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic oligomers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2701. [PMID: 30042388 PMCID: PMC6057881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) represents a promising renewable resource-based bioplastic as replacement for fossil-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with improved material properties. However, the synthesis of PEF through conventional polycondensation remains challenging, since the time-intensive reaction leads to degradation and undesired discolouration of the product. Here we show the successful rapid synthesis of bottle-grade PEF via ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) from cyclic PEF oligomers within minutes, thereby avoiding degradation and discolouration. The melting point of such mixture of cyclic oligomers lies around 370 °C, well above the degradation temperature of PEF (~329 °C). This challenge can be overcome, exploiting the self-plasticising effect of the forming polymer itself (which melts around 220 °C) by initiation in the presence of a high boiling, yet removable, and inert liquid plasticiser. This concept yields polymer grades required for bottle applications (Mn > 30 kg mol−1, conversion > 95%, colour-free products), and can be extended to other diffusion-limited polymer systems. The synthesis of polyethylene furanoate, a promising renewable resource-based bioplastic, still has challenges. Here the authors show that bottle-grade polyethylene furanoate can be obtained within minutes from ring-opening polymerisation of its cyclic oligomers, thereby avoiding degradation and discolouration.
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Guven I, Gezici O, Bayrakci M, Morbidelli M. Calixarene-immobilized monolithic cryogels for preparative protein chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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